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1、www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK RWritten by Ron FridellGlow-in-the-Dark AnimalsA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:1,164Glow-in-the-Dark Animalswww.readinga-Written by Ron FridellGlow-in-the-Dark AnimalsLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZWritte

2、n by Ron FridellAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover:Kelpfish/D;back cover,page 4:Satoshi Kuribayashi/Minden Pictures;title page:Anzhelika Koval/D;page 3:Briana Hunter/D;page 5:Scott Camazine/SPL/Photo Researchers;page 6:

3、Norbert Wu/Minden Pictures/National Geographic Stock;pages 7,11,12:George Grall/National Geographic Stock;page 8:Flip Nicklin/National Geographic Stock;page 9:Dante Fenolio/SPL/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page 13:Gregory G.Dimijian/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page14:Tin-Yam Chan/National Taiwan Ocean Universi

4、ty,ROC;page 15:Norbert Wu/Minden Pictures/National Geographic Stock;page 17(main):Paul Zahl/National Geographic Stock;page 17(inset):iS Frazao;page 18:REUTERS/China Photo ASW/RGS;page 19:Karen J.OsbornGlow-in-the-Dark Animals1920Oceans cover about seventy percent of Earths surface.As a result,oceans

5、 are the largest habitat on Earth.When scientists explore new parts of oceans,they discover new kinds of animals.In 2009,scientists found a new kind of glowing animal,a swimming worm.They call it a green bomber.To escape from enemies,green bombers release little balloons of skin filled with a fluid

6、that glows green.The glowing skin confuses enemies,which allows the green bombers to swim away.As scientists explore more parts of Earths oceans,they hope to discover more strange new animals that glow in the dark.Glossarybacteria(n.)small one-celled organisms that sometimes cause infections and dis

7、ease(p.15)bioluminescent(adj.)glowing with light from chemical reactions made by living things(p.4)camouflages(v.)blends into the background;hides(p.9)luciferase(n.)a chemical that helps create light in bioluminescent animals(p.10)luciferin(n.)a chemical that helps create light in bioluminescent ani

8、mals(p.10)molecule(n.)the smallest part of a substance that can exist by itself,made of two or more atoms(p.11)oxygen(n.)a gas that has no color,taste,or smell and that people need to live(p.10)predators(n.)animals that hunt and eat other animals to survive(p.7)prey(n.)an animal that is hunted and e

9、aten by a predator(p.8)twilight zone(n.)the area of the ocean from about 200 meters(656 ft)to about 1,000 meters(3,281 ft)deep(p.16)A green bomber releases glowing skin sacs to confuse predators.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals Level Rwww.readinga-Written by Ron FridellGlow-in-the-Dark AnimalsLevel R Levele

10、d Book Learning AZWritten by Ron FridellAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover:Kelpfish/D;back cover,page 4:Satoshi Kuribayashi/Minden Pictures;title page:Anzhelika Koval/D;page 3:Briana Hunter/D;page 5:Scott Camazine/SPL/P

11、hoto Researchers;page 6:Norbert Wu/Minden Pictures/National Geographic Stock;pages 7,11,12:George Grall/National Geographic Stock;page 8:Flip Nicklin/National Geographic Stock;page 9:Dante Fenolio/SPL/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page 13:Gregory G.Dimijian/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page14:Tin-Yam Chan/Nation

12、al Taiwan Ocean University,ROC;page 15:Norbert Wu/Minden Pictures/National Geographic Stock;page 17(main):Paul Zahl/National Geographic Stock;page 17(inset):iS Frazao;page 18:REUTERS/China Photo ASW/RGS;page 19:Karen J.OsbornGlow-in-the-Dark Animals1920Oceans cover about seventy percent of Earths su

13、rface.As a result,oceans are the largest habitat on Earth.When scientists explore new parts of oceans,they discover new kinds of animals.In 2009,scientists found a new kind of glowing animal,a swimming worm.They call it a green bomber.To escape from enemies,green bombers release little balloons of s

14、kin filled with a fluid that glows green.The glowing skin confuses enemies,which allows the green bombers to swim away.As scientists explore more parts of Earths oceans,they hope to discover more strange new animals that glow in the dark.Glossarybacteria(n.)small one-celled organisms that sometimes

15、cause infections and disease(p.15)bioluminescent(adj.)glowing with light from chemical reactions made by living things(p.4)camouflages(v.)blends into the background;hides(p.9)luciferase(n.)a chemical that helps create light in bioluminescent animals(p.10)luciferin(n.)a chemical that helps create lig

16、ht in bioluminescent animals(p.10)molecule(n.)the smallest part of a substance that can exist by itself,made of two or more atoms(p.11)oxygen(n.)a gas that has no color,taste,or smell and that people need to live(p.10)predators(n.)animals that hunt and eat other animals to survive(p.7)prey(n.)an ani

17、mal that is hunted and eaten by a predator(p.8)twilight zone(n.)the area of the ocean from about 200 meters(656 ft)to about 1,000 meters(3,281 ft)deep(p.16)A green bomber releases glowing skin sacs to confuse predators.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R1718Other glowing sea animals live even deeper do

18、wn,at the very bottom of the ocean.No sunlight reaches this deep.All the animals that live at this depth are bioluminescent,and they provide the only light in this part of the salty ocean.Only a few kinds of glowing animals make their home on land.Among them are fireflies,glowworms,and the two-color

19、ed railroad worm.More to Know and ExploreScientists use glowing animals to learn more about nature.They study the way that small glowing animals move through water.Watching these tiny animals helps them learn how larger animals move through water.Scientists also use animal bioluminescence to learn m

20、ore about diseases,such as cancer.A scientist studies tiny jellyfish in a tank.Banded glowworms give off a yellow-green light.glowwormGlow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R34Table of ContentsLiving Light .4Reasons to Glow .5The Science Behind the Glow .10Three Ways to Glow .13Habitats of Glowing Animals .

21、16More to Know and Explore .18Glossary .20Living LightSome animals carry their own light insects on land flash in the night,and fish and other sea creatures glow.These glowing animals make their own light.They are bioluminescent(BY-oh-loo-mih-NEH-sent).This long word means“life glowing.”The first pa

22、rt,bio,comes from a Greek word that means“life.”The second part,luminescent,comes from a Latin word that means“glowing.”Flashing fireflies are beetles that are active at night.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R34Table of ContentsLiving Light .4Reasons to Glow .5The Science Behind the Glow .10Three Way

23、s to Glow .13Habitats of Glowing Animals .16More to Know and Explore .18Glossary .20Living LightSome animals carry their own light insects on land flash in the night,and fish and other sea creatures glow.These glowing animals make their own light.They are bioluminescent(BY-oh-loo-mih-NEH-sent).This

24、long word means“life glowing.”The first part,bio,comes from a Greek word that means“life.”The second part,luminescent,comes from a Latin word that means“glowing.”Flashing fireflies are beetles that are active at night.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R1718Other glowing sea animals live even deeper dow

25、n,at the very bottom of the ocean.No sunlight reaches this deep.All the animals that live at this depth are bioluminescent,and they provide the only light in this part of the salty ocean.Only a few kinds of glowing animals make their home on land.Among them are fireflies,glowworms,and the two-colore

26、d railroad worm.More to Know and ExploreScientists use glowing animals to learn more about nature.They study the way that small glowing animals move through water.Watching these tiny animals helps them learn how larger animals move through water.Scientists also use animal bioluminescence to learn mo

27、re about diseases,such as cancer.A scientist studies tiny jellyfish in a tank.Banded glowworms give off a yellow-green light.glowwormGlow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R1516A few glowing animals do not make their own lightthey borrow it.They use the glow of tiny animals called bacteria.The flashlight fi

28、sh stores about a billion glowing bacteria inside a pouch beneath each eye.Sometimes the flashlight fish looks as if its blinking.Thats when the fish rolls the pouches up and down to turn the light on and off.Now you see it,now you dont.Habitats of Glowing AnimalsBioluminescent sea animals live in a

29、ll of Earths oceans.Some live near the surface.But most glowing animals live deeper down,from about 200 meters(656 ft)to about 1,000 meters(3,281 ft).Scientists call this area the twilight zone.Sunlight in this middle part of the ocean is a dim blue-green color.Most of the glowing animals in the twi

30、light zone produce a matching blue-green light.The flashlight fish has a glowing pouch beneath each eye.Sunlit Zone200 m1,000 m3,281 ft656 ft4,000 m13,123 ft6,000 m19,685 ftTwilight ZoneOcean Light ZonesMidnight ZoneThe AbyssGlow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R56Reasons to GlowAnimals flash and glow to

31、help them survive on land and in the sea.Their lights can be red,yellow,green,or blue.They use their lights to signal,hunt,and hide.They also use them to call for help and to fool their enemies.Glowing helps them survive.Most kinds of glowing animals live in the seavery few live on land.You may have

32、 seen one of these glowing land animals on a warm summer evening.Its the firefly,a kind of beetle.Fireflies produce the glow in their abdomen,the hind part of their bodies.The light is like a tiny flashlight switching on and off.This flashing is a signal that helps these beetles communicate and find

33、 each other.Some glowing sea animals use their light to hunt.The anglerfish has a stalk on its head that acts like a fishing rod.The tip of the stalk has a glowing white light that attracts small ocean fish.As the anglerfish moves its“lure”back and forth in water,the small fish come close to investi

34、gate.Then the anglerfish swallows them whole in one big gulp.The anglerfish uses the glow on the tip of its stalk to“fish”for food.glowing part of a firefly abdomenGlow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R56Reasons to GlowAnimals flash and glow to help them survive on land and in the sea.Their lights can be

35、red,yellow,green,or blue.They use their lights to signal,hunt,and hide.They also use them to call for help and to fool their enemies.Glowing helps them survive.Most kinds of glowing animals live in the seavery few live on land.You may have seen one of these glowing land animals on a warm summer even

36、ing.Its the firefly,a kind of beetle.Fireflies produce the glow in their abdomen,the hind part of their bodies.The light is like a tiny flashlight switching on and off.This flashing is a signal that helps these beetles communicate and find each other.Some glowing sea animals use their light to hunt.

37、The anglerfish has a stalk on its head that acts like a fishing rod.The tip of the stalk has a glowing white light that attracts small ocean fish.As the anglerfish moves its“lure”back and forth in water,the small fish come close to investigate.Then the anglerfish swallows them whole in one big gulp.

38、The anglerfish uses the glow on the tip of its stalk to“fish”for food.glowing part of a firefly abdomenGlow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R1516A few glowing animals do not make their own lightthey borrow it.They use the glow of tiny animals called bacteria.The flashlight fish stores about a billion glow

39、ing bacteria inside a pouch beneath each eye.Sometimes the flashlight fish looks as if its blinking.Thats when the fish rolls the pouches up and down to turn the light on and off.Now you see it,now you dont.Habitats of Glowing AnimalsBioluminescent sea animals live in all of Earths oceans.Some live

40、near the surface.But most glowing animals live deeper down,from about 200 meters(656 ft)to about 1,000 meters(3,281 ft).Scientists call this area the twilight zone.Sunlight in this middle part of the ocean is a dim blue-green color.Most of the glowing animals in the twilight zone produce a matching

41、blue-green light.The flashlight fish has a glowing pouch beneath each eye.Sunlit Zone200 m1,000 m3,281 ft656 ft4,000 m13,123 ft6,000 m19,685 ftTwilight ZoneOcean Light ZonesMidnight ZoneThe AbyssGlow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R1314Three Ways to GlowSome bioluminescent animals make their light inside

42、 their bodythe chemicals and oxygen are mixed inside them.Some jellyfish produce enough light to make their whole body glow from the inside.Others make only parts of their body glow.Other animals produce their glow outside their bodies.They squirt the chemicals into the seawater.Then the chemicals m

43、ix with the oxygen in the water.Thats how some shrimp can spit out a glowing cloud.The shining blue cloud scares predators,and the shrimp swims away.This jellyfish lights up its whole body.A nylon shrimp spits out a glowing blue cloud when frightened.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R78Other animals u

44、se their glow to hide from predatorsanimals that want to eat them.Some squid squirt chemicals into the ocean water to make a glowing cloud.This glow hides the squid so the predator cant find it.Then the squid escapes.Krill are glowing sea animals that look like tiny shrimp.They use their glow to kee

45、p from becoming the prey of fish and other ocean animals that want to eat them.Millions of krill use their lights to signal each other.The signals help them gather together in huge groups.These glowing,swirling swarms confuse the whales,sea lions,and fish that all rely on krill for food.Krill are an

46、 important food for many ocean animals.A glowing squid glides through the water.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R78Other animals use their glow to hide from predatorsanimals that want to eat them.Some squid squirt chemicals into the ocean water to make a glowing cloud.This glow hides the squid so the

47、 predator cant find it.Then the squid escapes.Krill are glowing sea animals that look like tiny shrimp.They use their glow to keep from becoming the prey of fish and other ocean animals that want to eat them.Millions of krill use their lights to signal each other.The signals help them gather togethe

48、r in huge groups.These glowing,swirling swarms confuse the whales,sea lions,and fish that all rely on krill for food.Krill are an important food for many ocean animals.A glowing squid glides through the water.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R1314Three Ways to GlowSome bioluminescent animals make thei

49、r light inside their bodythe chemicals and oxygen are mixed inside them.Some jellyfish produce enough light to make their whole body glow from the inside.Others make only parts of their body glow.Other animals produce their glow outside their bodies.They squirt the chemicals into the seawater.Then t

50、he chemicals mix with the oxygen in the water.Thats how some shrimp can spit out a glowing cloud.The shining blue cloud scares predators,and the shrimp swims away.This jellyfish lights up its whole body.A nylon shrimp spits out a glowing blue cloud when frightened.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals Level R111