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1、The Olympics:Past and PresentA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:1,285Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-LEVELED BOOK RRWZThe Olympics:Past and PresentWritten by Katherine Follett and David DreierThe Olympics:Past and PresentLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZ

2、ISBN 1-59827-998-XWritten by Katherine Follett and David DreierIllustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAWritten by Katherine Follett and David Dreierwww.readinga-The Olympics:Past and PresentPhoto Credits:Front cover:Wu Wei/Xi

3、nhua Press/Corbis;back cover:Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis;title page:Solus-Veer/Corbis;page 3:reddz/123RF;page 4:Bettman/Corbis;pages 8,9,18:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 7:Exactostock/SuperStock;page 10:Musser Remy/123RF;page 11:Mary Evans/SZ Photo/Scherl;page 12:REUTERS/Carl De Souza/Pool(Chi

4、na);page 13:The Granger Collection,New York;page 14:Bernd Thissen/dpa/Landov;page 15:AP Images;page 16:REUTERS/Chris Stanford;page 17:Jokerproproduction/D;page 19:Image Source/Corbis;page 20:Tom Fox/Dallas Morning News/Corbis;page 21:REUTERS/Jerry Lampen;page 22:Chris Trotman/Duomo/CorbisThe Olympic

5、s:Past and Present Level R 34 Table of Contents To Be the Best in the World.4The Ancient Olympic Games.5The Olympics Start Again.10The Olympics Grow .13Todays Olympics.19Glossary .23Index.24 To Be the Best in the World Every two years,top athletes from around the world meet to play against each othe

6、r in the Olympic Games.Hundreds of countries compete in this huge sporting contest.The winner of each Olympic event receives a gold medal.A silver medal is given for second place and a bronze medal for third place.Did you ever wonder where the Olympic Games came from?The Olympic Games began almost 2

7、,800 years ago in ancient Greece.Mara Coln of Cuba throws to win the womens javelin final.She set a world and Olympic record of 68.4 meters on July 25,1980.The Olympics:Past and Present Level R 56The Ancient Olympic GamesLong ago,Greece was divided into several regions called city-states.Each city-s

8、tate had one main city.These city-states often fought wars against each other.In 776 bc,the people of Olympia,Greece,created the first Olympic Games.The best athletes from all the city-states gathered to compete against each other.The Games honored Zeus,the king of all the Greek gods.Map of ancient

9、Greece around the time of the first Olympic GamesIonian SeaOlympiaMediterranean SeaAncient GreeceSpartaMount OlympusEretriaAthensAsia MinorRhodesCorinthArgosThebesDelphiCreteAegean SeaBlack SeaGreek areas Other lands Greek city-statesAt first,the only events at the Olympics were races.But soon the G

10、ames grew to include fourteen different events.Most contests took place in a stadium,but the chariot races were held on a special racetrack.Some of the events were dangerous.Athletes were often hurt or even killed while competing in the ancient Games.Chariot races were violent;some athletes died whi

11、le racing.Word Wise People often call the Olympic Games the Olympics.The Games are named after the city where they beganOlympia,Greece.The Olympics:Past and Present Level R 78For some people,the Games had religious meaning as well.Many people visited the huge statue of the god Zeus in the temple in

12、Olympia.Others enjoyed the procession,or parade,of all the athletes.And everyone came to a large feast.Most importantly for all Greeks,the Olympics were a time of peace.The city-states agreed never to fight during the Games.People felt safe to travel throughout Greece each time the Olympics were hel

13、d.To the ancient Greeks,Zeus was the god of the sky and thunder.He is often shown holding a lightning bolt.The prize for first place was a simple olive branch.But the winners were honored throughout Greece.Olympic champions were often given money by their hometowns to celebrate their victories.The O

14、lympic Games brought the ancient Greeks together.Visitors to the Games gathered at the hotel,swimming pool,and sauna in Olympia.The Olympic grounds also included a market and a bank.People often made business deals or held family reunions while they were in Olympia to see the Games.1234567stadiumto

15、horse-racing trackAn artists image of the ancient Olympic grounds1 Gymnasium 4 Athletes living area 6 Temple of Hera 2 Swimming pool 5 Temple of Zeus 7 Bank and market3 Boxing and wrestling areasThe Olympics:Past and Present Level R 910Originally,all Olympic athletes were men.The Greeks did not allo

16、w adult women to compete in the Games or even to watch them.However,young girls were allowed to watch the Games.In 470 bc,the Greeks created a separate festival for female athletes.In 146 bc,the Roman Empire took over Greece,but the Games continued.Then around ad 393,the Roman leader Theodosius(thee

17、-oh-DOH-shuhs),a Christian,ended the Games.He stopped all festivals that honored the Greek gods.People no longer came to Olympia for the Games.But the legend of the Games was kept alive in the pottery,statues,and writings of the time.In the early Games,most Olympic athletes competed nude or wearing

18、only small shorts.Some of the ancient footraces required runners to carry heavy shields as they ran.The Olympics Start Again More than one thousand years later,people still heard stories about the Olympics.Many historians wanted to find the location of Olympia.In the 1700s,teams began searching for

19、the Olympic grounds.By the 1890s,historians had found most of the old buildings.A man who lived in France became interested in the search for Olympia.He had heard about the ancient Games.He liked the fact that they stood for peaceful competition.He wanted to start a new worldwide sporting contest.He

20、 formed the International Olympic Committee,or IOC,in 1894.Ruins of the stadium entrance built around 200 bc in Olympia,GreeceThe Olympics:Past and Present Level R 1112expiredHU037364The International Olympic Committee decided that the new Olympic Games would focus on peaceful competition and the lo

21、ve of sports.In keeping with the spirit of the ancient Games,the IOC didnt want athletes to compete for money.Champions would get a silver medal and an olive branch.Professional(paid)athletes would not be allowed to compete in the Games.The mens weightlifting winners receive their medals at the 1936

22、 Games in Berlin,Germany.Greece held the first modern Olympic Games in 1896.Thousands of people came to watch.Two hundred athletes came from fourteen countries to compete.The new Games were a success!Olympics TriviaThe marathon race featured in the first modern Olympics comes from the story of Pheid

23、ippides (fy-DIP-ih-dees),a Greek soldier.After the Greeks won a great battle on the fields of Marathon,Pheidippides was told to run to Athensover 40 kilometers(26 mi)awayto tell the city about the victory.Pheidippides ran the entire way to the city,shouted out the news,and fell down dead of exhausti

24、on.Modern marathons cover the same distance that Pheidippides ran.Athletes run in the mens marathon during the 2008 Summer Games in Beijing,China.The Olympics:Past and Present Level R 1314The Olympic flag is lowered at the closing ceremony of the 2008 Summer Games in Beijing,China.The next two Olymp

25、ics were not as successful.The athletes lived in poor conditions.Bad weather ruined many events.Organizers learned from their mistakes,and the new Olympic Games eventually became famous and popular around the world.The Olympics Grow In 1906,the Olympics adopted the ancient tradition of an opening pa

26、rade.Athletes carried the flags of their countries as they walked into the stadium.From then on,each Olympics included a colorful opening ceremony.In 1920,a new Olympic flag was used in many ceremonies.The connected rings on the flag represent the settled continents of the world working together in

27、peace.A poster for the 1900 Summer Games held in Paris,FranceThe Olympics:Past and Present Level R 1516France hosted the first Olympic Winter Games in 1924.More than 250 athletes,including 11 women,came to compete.One female ice skater was 12-year-old Sonja Henie(SOWN-yuh HEN-ee)from Norway.She fell

28、 and finished last in her event.But Henie came back four years later.She won gold medals in the 1928,1932,and 1936 Winter Games.Henie became famous and went on to star in films and large ice shows.In 1928,women officially began to compete in the Summer Games.After that,the list of events for women g

29、rew every year.Norwegian Olympic skater Sonja Henie In 1936,the torch relay began.Now at the opening ceremony of each Olympics,the final runner in the relay hands the torch to a special guest.This guest uses the torch to light the Olympic flame that burns during the Games.The guest is often a past O

30、lympic champion.Olympics TriviaThe first symbolic Olympic torch was lit in 1928.In 1936,the tradition of running the torch relay began.The relay torch is lit in Olympia.Then,runners carry the torch from Olympia to the new host city.Each runner passes the torch by hand to the next.The torch travels t

31、hrough several countries and across oceans before arriving at the Games.American boxing legend Muhammad Ali lights an Olympic torch as part of the relay before the 2002 Olympics.Ali won a gold medal in the 1960 Games in Rome,Italy.The Olympics:Past and Present Level R 1718Sometimes the peaceful goal

32、 of the Olympic Games is threatened.Wars have canceled three Olympics.At the 1936 Berlin Olympics,the Nazis tried to use the Games to spread their racist ideas.Their plans were upset by the amazing gold-medal triumph of runner Jesse Owens,an African American.In 1972,terrorists took nine of Israels O

33、lympic athletes hostage.Seventeen people were killed.At the 1996 Games,a bomb killed one person and hurt more than one hundred others.Jesse Owens set several world records and became famous as a college track star before competing in the Olympics.The Olympic flagThe Olympics cost a large amount of m

34、oney to organize.The IOC raises money by selling products related to the Olympics.Many companies pay the IOC for permission to broadcast the Olympics on television.Others pay for the right to put the Olympic logo on their products.The IOC decides which sports will be in the Olympics.The IOC also sch

35、edules the Games.The Summer Games and Winter Games are now held two years apart.THE OLYMPICS:Past and Present Level R 1920Todays Olympics Todays Olympic athletes are stronger than ever because of advances in equipment and training.In 1924,the winner of the mens 50-kilometer(31-mi)cross-country ski r

36、ace won in 3 hours and 45 minutes.In 2010,the winner of the same race finished in 2 hours and 5 minutes.For many Olympic athletes,training is almost a full-time job.Athletes often begin their training while they are still young.Many countries have built special Olympic training centers for their ath

37、letes to use.The pressure to win can be strong.Some athletes try to gain an unfair advantage by cheating.Some have secretly used drugs to win.Young American gymnasts practice at a training center.Monique Henderson helped her team win a gold medal in the 4x400 meter relay race in the 2008 Summer Game

38、s.The Olympics:Past and Present Level R 2122Officials test Olympic athletes for drug use.Winners who fail a drug test can lose their medals.Marion Jones was a great track star from the United States who won five medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics.She had to return all her medals when she admitted us

39、ing drugs to run faster.Judges sometimes cheat to help their countries win.Some give the wrong points to athletes on purpose.Other judges cheat by trading points with judges from other countries.The flawless performance of Canadian figure-skating pair Jamie Sale and David Pelletier was finally award

40、ed gold after a judging scandal was uncovered.Olympic organizers work hard to keep the Games honest and fair for everyone.The Olympics continue to grow bigger and more popular.Many people enjoy watching the worlds best athletes compete.And the Games often have amazing surprises.But the wonder of the

41、 Olympics comes from their rich history.The Olympics show that peaceful sporting contests among different countries are still exciting,even after all these centuries!Janica Kostelic(YON-it-suh KAW-stel-itch)became a national hero in Croatia when she won three gold medals and one silver medal in the

42、2002 Winter Games.The Olympics:Past and Present Level R 2324Glossaryancient(adj.)from a long time ago;very old(p.4)athletes(n.)people trained in sports,games,or other activities that require strength,speed,and skill(p.4)Nazis(n.)members of the ruling political party in Germany from 1933 to 1945(p.18

43、)procession(n.)an orderly,formal parade(p.8)racist(adj.)relating to the belief that some races are superior to others(p.18)sauna(n.)a room designed for steam bathing(p.7)terrorists(n.)people who use terror as a political weapon(p.18)IndexAncient Greece,4Berlin,18city-state,5events,6International Olympic Committee,10Israel,18 Jesse Owens,18marathon,12 Nazis,18Olympia,510Olympic flag,13Olympic Games,18 ancient,47,10 modern,1018Olympic grounds,7,10opening ceremony,13,16 procession,8,13Theodosius,9torch,16United States,21violence,war,5,18women,9,15Zeus,5,8