原版英语RAZ 教案(R) Inventions.pdf

《原版英语RAZ 教案(R) Inventions.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案(R) Inventions.pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、www.readinga-Written by Ned JensenLEVELED BOOK RInventionsInventionsA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:1,184Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.InventionsLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Ned JensenAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas

2、&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover,title page(all),pages 3,4,7(all),8(bottom),10,12(all),13(light bulb),16,18:Jupiterimages Corporation;back cover,page 11:courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration;page 5(all):courtesy of United States Patent and Trademark Office;page

3、 6:courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Division LC-DIG-prok-02297;page 8(top):courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Division LC-DIG-ggbain-02174;page 9:courtesy of NASA,Kennedy Center Media Archive Collection;page 13(telephone):Sheila Terry/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page 13(

4、airplane):courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Division,LC-USZ62-107026;pages 13(automobile,color television,microwave),15:Bettman/Corbis;page 13(refrigerator):Hemera Technologies/Jupiterimages Corporation;page 13(television):Lawrence Manning/Corbis;pages 13(computer),17(top left):Fred

5、erick News-Post/AP Images;page 14:University of Manchester/AP Images;page 17(bottom left):courtesy of the Computer History Museum;page 17(top right):Learning AZ;page 17(center right):Julie Stupsker/AP Images;page 17(bottom right):STOCKFOLIO/Alamy Images;page 19:Salvatore Di Nolfi/Keystone/AP ImagesW

6、ritten by Ned Jensenwww.readinga-InventionsInventions Level R34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4Inventions.Follow.Inventions.6Need.Is.the.Mother.of.Invention.9Famous.Inventions.12Computers:.Then.and.Now.14Invention,.Discovery,.or.Creation.18Conclusion.19Glossary.20Index.20Introduction When.you.think.o

7、f.an.invention,es.to.mind?.Is.it.something.wacky.or.something.useful?.Every.day,e.up.with.new.inventions.These.inventions.often.give.us.a.better.way.to.do.something.Most.inventions.make.life.easier.or.more.enjoyable.An.invention.isnt.always.a.thing.An.invention.can.also.be.a.process.Examples.of.proc

8、esses.are.ways.of.making.certain.metals.or.glass,.or.even.kinds.of.cheese.This shows a nine-step process common for making cheese.Inventions Level R56Not.every.invention.is.useful.Over.the.years.there.have.been.many.weird.inventions.All.of.these.inventions.were.made.to.fulfill.a.need.or.a.want.But.m

9、any.of.these.weird.inventions.either.didnt.work,.or.caused.more.trouble.than.good.This vest allows a person to show off a pet,such as a hamster.This pogo stick used a gas engine to make it hop.This trumpet can shoot gas flames when played.Weird InventionsThese are actual patent drawings of weird inv

10、entions.Inventions Follow InventionsOne.invention.often.leads.to.another.invention.For.an.example,.lets.look.at.the.wheel.Long.ago,.the.only.way.people.could.get.from.place.to.place.was.to.walk.It.could.take.days.to.walk.long.distances.Then,.someone.invented.the.wheel.Next,.people.started.putting.wh

11、eels.on.logs.and.boards.These.simple.carts.made.it.easier.to.carry.goods.and.people.over.long.distances.Then.people.started.using.horses,.oxen,.or.mules.to.pull.the.carts.Riding.on.carts.was.less.work.than.walking.and.made.it.easier.for.travel.Inventions Level R78In.the.1800s,.the.gasoline.engine.wa

12、s.invented.The.engine.could.be.placed.on.carts.and.used.to.power.them.Mules,.horses,.and.oxen.were.not.needed.as.much.Engines.have.led.to.the.invention.of.many.other.things.that.help.move.people.and.goods.from.place.to.place.Some.of.these.inventions.are.steamboats,.cars,.trains,.and.airplanes.These.

13、inventions.helped.people.and.goods.cross.whole.continents.in.just.a.few.days.Think About ItThe car has changed the lives of people around the world.It has led to many other inventions.How many things can you think of that were invented because of the car?Here are just a few to get you started.How ma

14、ny more can you add to the list?Traffic lights Gas pumps Expressways Car washes Drive-thru restaurantsOver.time,.more.inventions.made.engines.better.Today,.jet.engines.help.planes.fly.all.over.the.world.very.quickly.The.jet.engine,.and.humans.desire.to.fly.higher.and.faster,.led.to.the.invention.of.

15、a.more.powerful.engine.called.the.rocket.engine.The.rocket.engine.helps.send.people.into.space.and.to.the.Moon.It.took.many.steps.and.many.years.of.inventing.to.get.people.from.the.first.airplane.to.the.spacecraft.that.took.humans.to.the.Moon.About 3500 bc first wheeled cartsAbout 2000 bc horses fir

16、st used to pull carts1662 first horse-drawn public bus1783 first practical steamboat1801 first steam-powered train1885 Karl Benz builds practical gasoline-powered car1903 Wright Brothers fly first airplane with an engine1926 first rocket launched1947 supersonic jet flight1969 mission to the Moon1970

17、 first jumbo jet1981 space shuttle launchedHistory of TransportationInventions Level R910Need Is the Mother of InventionSometimes.when.people.want.to.explore.new.places,.such.as.the.Moon,.or.new.things,.such.as.stars,.they.need.new.inventions.It.has.been.said.that.“need.is.the.mother.of.invention.”.

18、This.means.that.a.need.for.something.forces.people.to.invent.ways.to.solve.that.problem.New.inventions.can.make.exploration.possible.or.easier.People.wanted.to.explore.space.Space.is.different.from.Earth.Space.has.no.air,.which.means.there.is.no.oxygen.and.no.air.pressure.Space.is.also.very.cold.Peo

19、ple.would.not.be.safe.in.space.without.the.right.equipment.The New Horizons spacecraft lifts off for its trip to Pluto.Scientists.needed.to.invent.ways.for.people.to.breathe.in.places.where.there.was.no.air.They.needed.to.invent.new.materials.to.keep.both.humans.and.spacecraft.safe.from.extreme.temp

20、eratures.Scientists.invented.spacesuits.and.building.materials.that.would.not.crush.under.pressure.In.fact,.many.new.products.were.invented.because.people.wanted.to.explore.space.Space Exploration Product Spin-offs Enriched baby food Better golf balls Faster swimsuits Water purifiers Improved food p

21、ackaging Shock-absorbing helmets Shock-absorbing shoes Smoke detectors Self-adjusting sunglasses Flat-panel televisions High-density batteries Trash compactorsThe backpack this astronaut wears makes moving in space easier.Inventions Level R1112When.people.invent.something,.they.usually.apply.for.a.p

22、atent.A.patent.ensures.that.only.the.person.who.owns.the.patent.can.make.or.sell.the.invention.If.you.have.a.patent,.no.one.else.can.take.your.idea.Complicated.products,.like.cars,.may.have.hundreds.of.patents.for.the.thousands.of.parts.used.to.make.them.Do You Know?Thomas Edison held 1,093 differen

23、t patents for the things he invented,including the lightbulb,left.He had to invent seven other things before he could put it all together to invent the lightbulb.Famous Inventions There.have.been.millions.of.inventions.over.the.years.Some.of.them,.like.the.invention.of.the.lightbulb,.are.well.known.

24、However,.others.are.obscure.Most.inventions.get.better.over.time.For.example,.Thomas.Edisons.first.lightbulb,.invented.in.1879,.has.had.many.improvements.since.then.Think.about.how.each.invention.in.the.timeline.on.the.next.page.has.changed.and.has.been.made.better.over.the.years.What.would.your.lif

25、e.be.like.without.these.inventions?.Inventions Level R1314Computers:Then and Now Of.all.the.inventions.of.the.last.fifty.years,puter.Tputer.is.a.machine.that.has.many.parts.Mputer.what.it.is.today.Many.historians.think.that.a.German.named.Konrad.Zputer.In.1941,puter.It.could.be.programmed.It.was.use

26、d.to.do.difficult.math.problems.Most Famous Inventions18701880189019001910192019301940195019601970TelephoneLightbulbAutomobileAirplaneRefrigeratorTelevisionColor TelevisionComputerMicrowave ovenDo You Know?One of the first megacomputers could do one math operation every 15 seconds.Modern computers c

27、an do 150,000,000,000 operations in 15 seconds!This early computer was jokingly named“Baby.”Inventions Level R1516Later,.two.professors.from.Iowa.State.University.in.the.United.Sputer.Iputer.It.was.the.size.of.a.desk.It.had.more.than.300.glass.tubes.and.used.one.mile.of.wire.It.weighed.700.pounds.Th

28、at.is.140.bags.of.flour!In.1944,puter.It.was.55.feet.long.and.8.feet.high.It.filled.a.giant.room.and.weighed.5.tons,.or.about.as.much.as.one.elephant.It.used.lots.of.energy.and.needed.a.way.to.help.keep.it.cool.In.1947,.the.transistor.was.invented.Tputers.would.no.longer.need.hundreds.of.large.glass

29、.tubes,puters.could.be.built.The.invention.of.integrated circuits.then.took.the.jobs.of.many.electronic.parts.and.put.them.into.one.part.Then.microprocessors.were.invented,.which.took.lots.and.lots.of.integrated.circuits.and.put.them.into.one.microchip.Tputers.we.use.today.Bputers.still.needed.other

30、.inventions.Pputer.do.different.things.Also,.people.wanted.thinner.screens.and.mice.that.were.easier.to.use.Eputer.Harvard IBM MARK IA computer,a mouse,and software allow this boy to draw using a laptop.Inventions Level R1718Computers.paved.the.way.for.the.Internet,municating.Webpages,.electronic.ma

31、il,.and.high-speed.Internet.connections.soon.followed.Tmunicating.with.people.all.over.the.world.easy.Wputers.do.in.the.future?.What.will.be.invented.then?.Invention,Discovery,or Creation?Have.you.ever.wondered.how.an.invention.is.different.from.a.discovery.or.a.creation?.Discoveries.are.made.when.p

32、eople.first.learn.about.things.that.already.exist.For.example,.explorers.are.people.who.discover.new.lands.Creators.are.artists,.composers,.and.writers.They.make.works.of.art,.music,.and.stories.Vincent.Van.Gogh.was.an.artist.who.created.fantastic.paintings.Bposer.who.created.beautiful.symphonies.Wi

33、lliam.Shakespeare.was.a.writer.who.created.great.plays.Inventors.use.existing.knowledge.to.create.new.devices.or.processes.They.make.things.that.they.think.make.life.better.or.work.easier.Thomas.Edison.used.what.scientists.already.knew.about.electricity.to.invent.the.lightbulb.He.went.on.to.invent.m

34、any.more.things,.such.as.the.first.movie.projector.Computer Timeline194019451950195519601965197019751942worlds first electronic computer1947transistor invented1962first computer game,called Space Wars1964first computer mouse1971 email1970 workstationVan Goghs self-portrait1975 InternetInventions Lev

35、el R1920ConclusionYou.might.think.that.all.the.good.things.have.been.invented.and.that.there.is.little.left.to.invent.But.that.is.not.true.There.is.always.a.need.to.make.things.better.With.each.new.invention,.creation,.and.exploration,.another.is.sure.to.follow.Maybe.you.will.be.the.person.who.will.

36、invent.the.next.product.to.make.life.easier.or.more.exciting.for.us.all!Glossarydigital(adj.).relating.to.storing.informationas.numbers.(p.15)engine(n.).a.machine.that.uses.energy.to.create.movement.(p.7)integrated.tiny.electronic.parts.that.make.circuits(n.)puter.work.(p.16)invention(n.).a.new.devi

37、ce.or.process.(p.4)inventors(n.).creators.of.a.new.device.or.process.(p.18)micro.tiny.chips.that.contain.many.processors(n.).integrated.circuits.(p.16)patent(n.).legal.rights.to.an.invention.(p.11)process(n.).a.series.of.actions.(p.4)products(n.).items.or.objects.(p.10)programmed(v.)puter.code.(p.14

38、)software(n.).computer.programs.(p.16)transistor(n.).a.small.device.that.controls.the.flow.of.electricity.in.electronic.items.(p.16)Indexautomobile,.7,.13Benz,.Karl,.8carts,.6,.7computers,.1417Edison,.Thomas,.11,.18exploration,.9,.10,.19engines.gasoline,.7.jet,.8.rocket,.8An inventor demonstrates a new device for picking up Ping-Pong balls.Internet,.17lightbulb,.11patent,.11processes,.4.transistor,.16,.17wheel,.6,.8Wright.Brothers,.8Zuse,.Konrad,.14