原版英语RAZ 教案(U) Arrows_DS.pdf

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1、www.readinga-ArrowsArrowsA Reading AZ Level U Leveled BookWord Count:2,380Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftLEVELED BOOK URUYWritten by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftArrowsArrowsLevel U Leveled Book Learning

2、AZWritten by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftAll rights reserved.www.readinga-www.readinga-Photo Credits:Page 7:Rodger Mallison/MCT/Landov The photograph on page 7 shows the Choctaw Telephone Squad at Camp Merritt,New Jersey,on June 7,1919.From right to left:Captain E.H.Horner(Commanding

3、)Private James Davenport,Choctaw,age 27 Corporal James Edwards,Choctaw,age 20 Corporal Calvin Wilson,Choctaw,age 24 Private Mitchell Bobbs,Choctaw,age 25 Corporal Taylor Lewis,Choctaw,age 22CorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA2324“Its your decision.Are we heading north?”Poloma h

4、ad to think about that for a minute.The Drinking Gourd would lead them back across the stream,past the boulder with the cipher,and on and on to places north.“We need to go south,Papa.”Poloma and Papa turned.They moved slowly,like creeping night creatures.The light from Polomas flashlight led them aw

5、ay from the North Star,past the arrows pointing the other way,out of the woods,and home.Glossarycarbon a test to determine age that dating(n.)analyzes the content of carbon,an element in organic material(p.9)code(n.)a system of letters,symbols,or signals that have special meaning and are used to sen

6、d messages(p.6)Code Native Americans who used Talkers(n.)their native languages as codes during World Wars I and II(p.6)deciphered(v.)worked out the meaning of a secret message or writing(p.18)glyph(n.)a picture or other character with special meaning that is often carved into something (p.6)interpr

7、et(v.)to tell the meaning of(p.7)Choctaw(n.)a member of a group of Native Americans in the Southeast(p.7)translate(v.)to take something written or spoken in one language and change it to another language (p.8)Arrows Level UWritten by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftArrowsArrowsLevel U Le

8、veled Book Learning AZWritten by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftAll rights reserved.www.readinga-www.readinga-Photo Credits:Page 7:Rodger Mallison/MCT/Landov The photograph on page 7 shows the Choctaw Telephone Squad at Camp Merritt,New Jersey,on June 7,1919.From right to left:Captain E

9、.H.Horner(Commanding)Private James Davenport,Choctaw,age 27 Corporal James Edwards,Choctaw,age 20 Corporal Calvin Wilson,Choctaw,age 24 Private Mitchell Bobbs,Choctaw,age 25 Corporal Taylor Lewis,Choctaw,age 22CorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA2324“Its your decision.Are we hea

10、ding north?”Poloma had to think about that for a minute.The Drinking Gourd would lead them back across the stream,past the boulder with the cipher,and on and on to places north.“We need to go south,Papa.”Poloma and Papa turned.They moved slowly,like creeping night creatures.The light from Polomas fl

11、ashlight led them away from the North Star,past the arrows pointing the other way,out of the woods,and home.Glossarycarbon a test to determine age that dating(n.)analyzes the content of carbon,an element in organic material(p.9)code(n.)a system of letters,symbols,or signals that have special meaning

12、 and are used to send messages(p.6)Code Native Americans who used Talkers(n.)their native languages as codes during World Wars I and II(p.6)deciphered(v.)worked out the meaning of a secret message or writing(p.18)glyph(n.)a picture or other character with special meaning that is often carved into so

13、mething (p.6)interpret(v.)to tell the meaning of(p.7)Choctaw(n.)a member of a group of Native Americans in the Southeast(p.7)translate(v.)to take something written or spoken in one language and change it to another language (p.8)Arrows Level U2122“But who carved the arrows,Papa?”“Im not sure if well

14、 ever know that,”Papa said.“It might have been a Northern spy trying to help.It might have been a returning slave who had learned the cipher in the North.Or maybe it had nothing to do with the war.Who knows?Maybe some children were playing a game.”“Did escaping slaves ever carve directions in trees

15、or rocks?”Poloma asked.“Ive never heard of it happening,but every day people find new information about the Underground Railroad.Just recently,someone discovered a hidden tunnel and a secret room in a house in Iowa where slaves hid out on the way north.”“What does Follow the Drinking Gourd mean?”Pol

16、oma asked.“The Drinking Gourd is the group of seven stars now called the Big Dipper,which can always be found in the northern sky of the United States.Slaves followed the Drinking Gourd from safe house to safe house,until finally they reached freedom.”The sun was beginning to set,and tiny slivers of

17、 light were flickering through the branches.Poloma took her flashlight from her backpack,turned it on,and took her grandfathers hand.By the time they were on the other side of the stream,the sun had disappeared.Poloma stopped and studied the sky.“Are you looking for the Drinking Gourd?”her grandfath

18、er asked.“There it is!”Poloma was pointing to the bright shape in the sky.“Shall we follow it?”A Code in SongHeres the first verse of a folksong that gives directions north on the Underground Railroad.When the sun comes back and the first quail calls,Follow the Drinking Gourd.For the old man is wait

19、ing for to carry you to freedom,If you follow the Drinking Gourd.Arrows Level U34Table of ContentsThe First Arrow.4Questions .8Answers .12Cracking the Code .16The Drinking Gourd.20Glossary .24The First ArrowPoloma was tossing her new ball high into the Mississippi air when she discovered the first a

20、rrow in the forest.On that summer morning,she was aiming for the Sun,throwing the ball higher and higher,so when it came down and rolled away she had only herself to blame.The ball bounced off a tree trunk,flew over a log,and came to rest at the base of a huge boulder.She was digging the ball out fr

21、om the heavy undergrowth when she noticed the arrow carved into the lower part of the massive rock.Arrows Level U34Table of ContentsThe First Arrow.4Questions .8Answers .12Cracking the Code .16The Drinking Gourd.20Glossary .24The First ArrowPoloma was tossing her new ball high into the Mississippi a

22、ir when she discovered the first arrow in the forest.On that summer morning,she was aiming for the Sun,throwing the ball higher and higher,so when it came down and rolled away she had only herself to blame.The ball bounced off a tree trunk,flew over a log,and came to rest at the base of a huge bould

23、er.She was digging the ball out from the heavy undergrowth when she noticed the arrow carved into the lower part of the massive rock.Arrows Level U2122“But who carved the arrows,Papa?”“Im not sure if well ever know that,”Papa said.“It might have been a Northern spy trying to help.It might have been

24、a returning slave who had learned the cipher in the North.Or maybe it had nothing to do with the war.Who knows?Maybe some children were playing a game.”“Did escaping slaves ever carve directions in trees or rocks?”Poloma asked.“Ive never heard of it happening,but every day people find new informatio

25、n about the Underground Railroad.Just recently,someone discovered a hidden tunnel and a secret room in a house in Iowa where slaves hid out on the way north.”“What does Follow the Drinking Gourd mean?”Poloma asked.“The Drinking Gourd is the group of seven stars now called the Big Dipper,which can al

26、ways be found in the northern sky of the United States.Slaves followed the Drinking Gourd from safe house to safe house,until finally they reached freedom.”The sun was beginning to set,and tiny slivers of light were flickering through the branches.Poloma took her flashlight from her backpack,turned

27、it on,and took her grandfathers hand.By the time they were on the other side of the stream,the sun had disappeared.Poloma stopped and studied the sky.“Are you looking for the Drinking Gourd?”her grandfather asked.“There it is!”Poloma was pointing to the bright shape in the sky.“Shall we follow it?”A

28、 Code in SongHeres the first verse of a folksong that gives directions north on the Underground Railroad.When the sun comes back and the first quail calls,Follow the Drinking Gourd.For the old man is waiting for to carry you to freedom,If you follow the Drinking Gourd.Arrows Level U1920girl,”he said

29、.“What letter comes before u in the alphabet?”“T,”Poloma said.“And the letter h comes before i,and the letter e comes before f.This is a substitute-letter cipher,Papa!”“Yes!I remember now!During the Civil War,some Northern spies and soldiers used a code called the advance cipher.They advanced each l

30、etter one letter of the alphabet.”The Drinking GourdOnce they had cracked the code,it was easy to read the message.“Do you know what it says?”Poloma asked.“I do know what it says.Do you know what it says?”“I know what it says,Papa.It says,Follow the Drinking Gourd.But I dont know what the message me

31、ans.Do you know what it means?”Papa chuckled and sat down on a hollow log.“Weve made quite a discovery,”he said.“We have found six arrows pointing in the same direction.If people followed the arrows,they would reach this boulder,and they would find this cipher.I wonder if the arrows and the cipher w

32、ere carved during the Civil War.”Papa was pacing again now,and Poloma could tell that he was thinking things over in his mind.“Before the end of the war,”he said,“many slaves wanted to escape to freedom in the North.They followed what was called the Underground Railroad.It wasnt really a railroad.It

33、 was just a series of routes and directions and safe houses that led the slaves northward.Some slaves who had escaped returned to help other slaves.”Arrows Level U56Poloma grabbed her ball and raced home.Her grandfather was resting on the porch swing.His eyes were closed,and for a moment,she wondere

34、d whether she should wake him with the news.“Youve discovered something,”he said softly,when she was settled beside him.“I can tell by the way youre fidgeting.”“Ive found an arrow,Papa!”Poloma kicked her feet,and the swing moved back and forth,making a gentle,reassuring,squeaking sound.“And where is

35、 this arrow that excites you so much?”Poloma told her grandfather about the bouncing ball,the boulder,and the arrow that was carved near the bottom of it.“Do you think the arrow is a glyph like the ones in my code books?”Poloma asked.“Maybe its a Mayan hieroglyphic.The Mayans used tiny pictures inst

36、ead of words and letters.Maybe they carved that arrow,”Poloma guessed.Papa pulled himself out of the swing and smiled down at his granddaughter.“Thats a very good question,”he said.“But I doubt that the Mayans were carving rocks around here.The Mayans lived farther south,in Mexico and Central Americ

37、a.However,your arrow might very well be part of a code of some kind,but we might have to do some research to find out.”Polomas grandfather knew a lot about codes.In fact,he had won a medal for his code work during World War II.Papa and other Native American Code Talkers had helped the United States

38、and its allies win the war by sending secret messages in languages that people from other nations could not understand.Arrows Level U56Poloma grabbed her ball and raced home.Her grandfather was resting on the porch swing.His eyes were closed,and for a moment,she wondered whether she should wake him

39、with the news.“Youve discovered something,”he said softly,when she was settled beside him.“I can tell by the way youre fidgeting.”“Ive found an arrow,Papa!”Poloma kicked her feet,and the swing moved back and forth,making a gentle,reassuring,squeaking sound.“And where is this arrow that excites you s

40、o much?”Poloma told her grandfather about the bouncing ball,the boulder,and the arrow that was carved near the bottom of it.“Do you think the arrow is a glyph like the ones in my code books?”Poloma asked.“Maybe its a Mayan hieroglyphic.The Mayans used tiny pictures instead of words and letters.Maybe

41、 they carved that arrow,”Poloma guessed.Papa pulled himself out of the swing and smiled down at his granddaughter.“Thats a very good question,”he said.“But I doubt that the Mayans were carving rocks around here.The Mayans lived farther south,in Mexico and Central America.However,your arrow might ver

42、y well be part of a code of some kind,but we might have to do some research to find out.”Polomas grandfather knew a lot about codes.In fact,he had won a medal for his code work during World War II.Papa and other Native American Code Talkers had helped the United States and its allies win the war by

43、sending secret messages in languages that people from other nations could not understand.Arrows Level U1920girl,”he said.“What letter comes before u in the alphabet?”“T,”Poloma said.“And the letter h comes before i,and the letter e comes before f.This is a substitute-letter cipher,Papa!”“Yes!I remem

44、ber now!During the Civil War,some Northern spies and soldiers used a code called the advance cipher.They advanced each letter one letter of the alphabet.”The Drinking GourdOnce they had cracked the code,it was easy to read the message.“Do you know what it says?”Poloma asked.“I do know what it says.D

45、o you know what it says?”“I know what it says,Papa.It says,Follow the Drinking Gourd.But I dont know what the message means.Do you know what it means?”Papa chuckled and sat down on a hollow log.“Weve made quite a discovery,”he said.“We have found six arrows pointing in the same direction.If people f

46、ollowed the arrows,they would reach this boulder,and they would find this cipher.I wonder if the arrows and the cipher were carved during the Civil War.”Papa was pacing again now,and Poloma could tell that he was thinking things over in his mind.“Before the end of the war,”he said,“many slaves wante

47、d to escape to freedom in the North.They followed what was called the Underground Railroad.It wasnt really a railroad.It was just a series of routes and directions and safe houses that led the slaves northward.Some slaves who had escaped returned to help other slaves.”Arrows Level U1718“The Civil Wa

48、rright,Papa?”Poloma asked.“Yes.About 150 years ago,the Civil War was fought to free the slaves in the South.I think I remember reading that the soldiers and spies in the North used a special cipher.”Poloma read the letters again.This time she was careful to pause wherever she saw a space.g p m m p x

49、 u i f e s j o l j o h h p v s eShe was just about to ask her grandfather what the letters meant when she noticed something in the cipher that she had seen in codes she had deciphered before.Most sentences contain at least one short common word,and this one was no different.“I think I see some inter

50、esting letters,”she said.“Lets say the letters form words.One of the words has three letters.Lets guess that its a common word .”“.like and?”“Or the,”Poloma suggested.“There has to be one common word in a sentence.”Poloma and Papa were quiet for several minutes as they thought about the three letter