原版英语RAZ 教案(Z1) The Balloon Brothers.pdf
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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.The Balloon BrothersA Reading AZ Level Z1 Leveled BookWord Count:1,770Writing and ArtWrite a newspaper article from September 19,1783,describing the Montgolfier brothers experiment.Use facts from the book and outside resources.ScienceChoose an
2、 experiment from the book.Organize the details of the experiment using the steps of the scientific method.Discuss your results and any new questions with a partner.Connectionswww.readinga-The Balloon BrothersThe Balloon BrothersZZ1Z2LEVELED BOOK Z1Written by David L.DreierIllustrated by Loic Derrien
3、The Balloon Brotherswww.readinga-Who were the Montgolfier brothers,and why are they remembered?Focus QuestionWritten by David L.DreierIllustrated by Loic DerrienThe Balloon BrothersLevel Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by David L.DreierIllustrated by Loic DerrienAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Ph
4、oto Credits:Page 7:alhovik/123RF;page 8(top):Sarin Images/Granger,NYC;page 8(bottom):Granger,NYC;page 10:Stock Montage,Inc./Alamy Stock Photo;page 14:wamsler/123RFWords to KnowairshipsatomsbuoyancychemistenvelopeexperimentimmersedinflammableintriguedmoleculesphysicistprestigeCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A
5、60+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Table of ContentsWitnessing the Birth of a New Age .4Two Brothers with Big Ideas .6Constructing“Smoke-Powered”Balloons .9A Balloon Rivalry .10Soaring into the Blue .12The Legacy of Lighter-Than-Air Flight .15Glossary .16Early Balloon Flights near Paris,FranceSep
6、t.19,1783Nov.21,1783Dec.1,1783Aug.27,178302135746801MilesKilometers2345FranceParisATLANTIC OCEANMEDITERRANEAN SEASpainGermanyItalyEnglandGonesseVersaillesSaint DenisTuileries GardenBellevilleParisSEINE RIVERThe Balloon Brothers Level Z14Witnessing the Birth of a New AgeAn excited crowd of 130,000 th
7、ronged the grounds of the Palace of Versailles(vair-SYE),just outside of Paris,France,on the afternoon of September 19,1783.They had come to see the test flight of a large hot-air balloon built by two French brothers,Joseph-Michel and Jacques-tienne Montgolfier(mon-GOLF-yay).King Louis XVI and Queen
8、 Marie Antoinette(an-twon-ET)watched from the palace courtyard.The beautiful silk-and-paper balloon was decorated with gold designs on a blue background.There was tension in the air.Since the dangers of flight were unknown,the passengers in the wicker basket suspended beneath the balloon were not hu
9、man.Instead,they were a sheep,a rooster,and a duck.5These animals had been chosen as part of a scientific experiment.The sheeps body was considered close enough to a humans to make it a reliable test subject.The rooster was included because,though it was a bird,it couldnt fly very high.The high-flyi
10、ng duck was also included to test the hazards of flight.The Montgolfiers filled their balloon with hot,smoky air from a fire burning in a pit.Shortly after 1:00 pm,the balloon was released.As the crowd looked on in wonder,it rose to a height of about 460 meters(1,500 ft.).Eight minutes later,it sett
11、led back to Earth 3.2 kilometers(2 mi.)away.The animals were unharmed from the experience.The age of flightlong a dream of humanityhad finally dawned.The way was now clear for people to fly into the clouds,and the Montgolfiers deserved much of the credit.The Balloon Brothers Level Z16Two Brothers wi
12、th Big IdeasThe Montgolfier brothers were two of the sixteen children of Pierre and Anne Montgolfier,who lived in a small town in southern France.Pierre was a successful paper manufacturer.His factories were the official suppliers of stationery to the court of King Louis XVI,a contract that gave the
13、 Montgolfiers financial security.When Joseph and tienne took over the family business in the 1770s,they had plenty of free time to pursue other interests.In his early forties,Joseph became intrigued with the possibility of flight.Since the 1600s,scientists had been exploring the possibility of makin
14、g a lighter-than-air craft that would fly because of the principle of buoyancy.No one had yet figured out how to build such a vehicle,however.Buoyancy was first understood by the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes(ark-uh-MEE-deez).It involves the density of an objectits weight for a given volume
15、compared with that of a fluid in which it is immersed.(Fluid in this sense can mean either a liquid or a gas.)If the density of an object is less than that of the fluid that surrounds it,the object will experience an upward force.7Joseph suspected that a light gas contained within a lightweight encl
16、osure might create an effective buoyant force.He read about such a gas that several past researchers had reported producing in their experiments.That gas was hydrogen,known at the time as“inflammable air”because of its explosive nature.Scientists had been aware of hydrogen for many years.In 1766,Eng
17、lish chemist Henry Cavendish identified the gas as an element and gave it the name“inflammable air.”French chemist Antoine Lavoisier(la-VWAH-zee-ay)renamed it“hydrogen”in 1783.Joseph filled small paper spheres with hydrogen gas and released them.His experiments were disappointing,though;the spheres
18、rose just a few meters before coming back down.Hydrogen atoms are so small that they were able to pass through the paper and escape into the surrounding air.Elements and AtomsElements are the chemical building blocks of the universe.Every element is made up of atomsthe smallest particles of substanc
19、es that still have the properties of that substance.Oxygen and hydrogen are both elements.One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms can combine to form one molecule of water.Elements and AtomsElements are the chemical building blocks of the universe.Every element is made up of atomsthe smallest particl
20、es of substances that still have the properties of that substance.Oxygen and hydrogen are both elements.One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms can combine to form one molecule of water.The Balloon Brothers Level Z18Joseph looked for another way to create an“ascending machine,”as he called it.One day
21、,he noticed that shirts drying over a smoky fire puffed upward.Like most people,he had often seen smoke rising from chimneys.This,he concluded,was the answer:smoke!In early 1783,the Montgolfiers began burning different kinds of materials to identify ones that produced a lot of smoke.They found that
22、a mixture of damp straw and chopped-up wool released the most smoke of any materials they tested.It also produced a terrible stench.But the smoke did indeed give buoyancy to any sort of light container.The brothers concluded that smoke must contain something unknown with a lifting property.They name
23、d this marvelous substance“Montgolfier gas.”Of course,there was no such substance.The lifting effect was caused by the hot air itself.When air gets heated,the molecules within it move around faster,causing the air to expand and become less dense.When contained in a balloon,the lighter air makes the
24、balloon rise.Joseph-Michel MontgolfierJacques-tienne Montgolfier9Constructing“Smoke-Powered”BalloonsWithout understanding the real science behind hot-air balloons,Joseph and tienne continued to believe in the existence of Montgolfier gas and to make foul-smelling smoke.The brothers had no reason to
25、believe that their idea was wrong.After all,their test balloons were working.The brothers experimented by using different materials for the envelope,including silk,paper,and linen.As their work progressed,they also increased the size of their balloons.The balloons rose ever higher into the air.The b
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