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1、 www.readinga-Ostriches:Giant BirdsGIANTS OF THEANIMAL WORLDWritingImagine you are caring for an ostrich.Using information from the book,write about what you would need to set up a habitat for the ostrich.ScienceResearch another bird.Write about the ways it is similar to and different from the ostri

2、ch.ConnectionsVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK SLEVELED BOOK SOstriches:Giant BirdsA Reading AZ Level S Leveled BookWord Count:982Written by Kira Freedwww.readinga-adapteddominantendangeredgizzardintimidatejuvenilesomnivorespredatorssavannasWords to KnowFront and

3、 back cover:A flock of ostriches flee a predator in Tanzania.Page 3:Ostriches use half as much energy as humans when they run.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Jocrebbin/D;cover icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:ElizabethHoffmann/iStock/Thinkstock;page 3:Prisma Bildagentur AG/Alam

4、y;page 4(left):syntika/iStock/Thinkstock;page 4(right):iStock/filo;page 5:Andrew Forsyth/FLPA/Minden Pictures;page 6(main):age fotostock/Alamy;page 6(inset):Hiroshi Komiyama/Nature Production/Minden Pictures;page 7:Clem Haagner/;page 10:Adam Jones,In/Visuals Unlimited/Corbis;page 11(main):Ger Bosma/

5、Alamy;page 11(inset):Frans Lanting/National Geographic Creative;page 12:Juri Raudsepp/D;page 13:Elizabeth Hoffmann/D;page 14(top right):sergeyryzhov/iStock/Thinkstock;page 14(bottom left):Bernhard Richter/iStock/Thinkstock;page 14(bottom right):leonello calvetti/Alamy;page 15:Ingo Arndt/Minden Pictu

6、resWritten by Kira FreedOstriches:Giant BirdsWhy are ostriches well suited to live in the African savanna?Focus QuestionOstriches:Giant BirdsGiants of the Animal WorldLevel S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kira FreedAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading R

7、ecoveryDRA1516Awesome BirdsUnlike most other birds,ostriches are not timid,delicate,or easily startled.These bold,sturdy creatures hold their ground when challenged.Theyre agile runners and masterful fighters with a host of fascinating adaptations.Simply put,ostriches are the biggest,baddest birds i

8、n the world.Glossaryadapted(adj.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or environment(p.6)dominant(adj.)more important,effective,or powerful than others (p.10)endangered(adj.)in danger of dying out completely(p.14)gizzard(n.)an organ in birds that helps grind and break down food(p.12)intimidate

9、(v.)to frighten or overwhelm(p.10)juveniles(n.)young people or other animals that have not reached maturity(p.5)omnivores(n.)animals that eat both plants and animals(p.12)predators(n.)animals that hunt and eat other animals to survive (p.11)savannas(n.)flat grasslands with few trees(p.9)A female ost

10、rich chases away a rival.Ostriches:Giant Birds Level Swww.readinga-adapteddominantendangeredgizzardintimidatejuvenilesomnivorespredatorssavannasWords to KnowFront and back cover:A flock of ostriches flee a predator in Tanzania.Page 3:Ostriches use half as much energy as humans when they run.Photo Cr

11、edits:Front cover,back cover:Jocrebbin/D;cover icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:ElizabethHoffmann/iStock/Thinkstock;page 3:Prisma Bildagentur AG/Alamy;page 4(left):syntika/iStock/Thinkstock;page 4(right):iStock/filo;page 5:Andrew Forsyth/FLPA/Minden Pictures;page 6(main):age fotosto

12、ck/Alamy;page 6(inset):Hiroshi Komiyama/Nature Production/Minden Pictures;page 7:Clem Haagner/;page 10:Adam Jones,In/Visuals Unlimited/Corbis;page 11(main):Ger Bosma/Alamy;page 11(inset):Frans Lanting/National Geographic Creative;page 12:Juri Raudsepp/D;page 13:Elizabeth Hoffmann/D;page 14(top right

13、):sergeyryzhov/iStock/Thinkstock;page 14(bottom left):Bernhard Richter/iStock/Thinkstock;page 14(bottom right):leonello calvetti/Alamy;page 15:Ingo Arndt/Minden PicturesWritten by Kira FreedOstriches:Giant BirdsWhy are ostriches well suited to live in the African savanna?Focus QuestionOstriches:Gian

14、t BirdsGiants of the Animal WorldLevel S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kira FreedAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA1516Awesome BirdsUnlike most other birds,ostriches are not timid,delicate,or easily startled.These bold,sturdy creatures hol

15、d their ground when challenged.Theyre agile runners and masterful fighters with a host of fascinating adaptations.Simply put,ostriches are the biggest,baddest birds in the world.Glossaryadapted(adj.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or environment(p.6)dominant(adj.)more important,effective,

16、or powerful than others (p.10)endangered(adj.)in danger of dying out completely(p.14)gizzard(n.)an organ in birds that helps grind and break down food(p.12)intimidate(v.)to frighten or overwhelm(p.10)juveniles(n.)young people or other animals that have not reached maturity(p.5)omnivores(n.)animals t

17、hat eat both plants and animals(p.12)predators(n.)animals that hunt and eat other animals to survive (p.11)savannas(n.)flat grasslands with few trees(p.9)A female ostrich chases away a rival.Ostriches:Giant Birds Level S1314 Ostriches lay the worlds biggest eggs.It would take two dozen chicken eggs

18、to equal the weight of one ostrich egg.An ostrich egg measures about 6 inches(15 cm)long and weighs about 3 pounds(1.5 kg).Ostriches are among Tyrannosaurus rexs closest living relatives.A scientist found a Tyrannosaurus rex bone.He compared the cells to those of twenty-one modern animals.They most

19、closely matched ostriches and chickens.Egg-stra LargeA female ostrich lays six or more eggs in a shallow depression in the sand.All females in the herd place their eggs in the main hens nest.The main hen sits on them during the day,and the dominant male takes night duty.The eggs hatch after about fo

20、rty days.Few animals mess with adult ostriches,but their eggs can be stolen by predators such as vultures,jackals,and hyenas,which may also take young ostriches.Ostrich chicks are the size of full-grown chickens when they hatch.Males and females work together to care for the chicks.The dominant male

21、 protects them by distracting predators and also teaches the chicks what to eat.They grow about 1 foot(30 cm)each month.By the age of six months,theyre close to adult size.Ostriches can live to age fifty or older.Raising GiantsOstrich numbers dropped sharply in the 1700s and 1800s because they were

22、hunted for their feathers,which were used in womens fashion long ago.They were also hunted for food and leather as well as for making feather dusters.When ostrich farming began in 1838,some wild herds recovered.Wild ostriches are not at risk of becoming endangered.Ostriches are now farmed around the

23、 world for meat,leather,feathers,and eggs.Ostriches:Giant Birds Level SThe dominant male ostrich digs a shallow pit in the dirt for the main hen to lay her eggs.34Table of ContentsThe Original Big Bird .4No Ordinary Bird .5Bird Herd .9Kickboxing Champs .11Eating like a Bird .12Egg-stra Large .13Rais

24、ing Giants .14Awesome Birds .15Glossary .16The Original Big BirdIts huge,its powerful,and it means business!Its an ostrichthe worlds largest living birdand its a far cry from the delicate songbirds that come to mind when most people think of birds.Ostriches are marathon runners and heavyweight kickb

25、oxers rolled into one.Dont ruffle their feathers or youll be in a heap of trouble!Ostrichheight:9 feet(2.74 m)weight:350 pounds(158.8 kg)Humanheight:6 feet (1.8 m)weight:175 pounds(79.4 kg)Ostriches:Giant Birds Level SHow Big Is It?How Big Is It?34Table of ContentsThe Original Big Bird .4No Ordinary

26、 Bird .5Bird Herd .9Kickboxing Champs .11Eating like a Bird .12Egg-stra Large .13Raising Giants .14Awesome Birds .15Glossary .16The Original Big BirdIts huge,its powerful,and it means business!Its an ostrichthe worlds largest living birdand its a far cry from the delicate songbirds that come to mind

27、 when most people think of birds.Ostriches are marathon runners and heavyweight kickboxers rolled into one.Dont ruffle their feathers or youll be in a heap of trouble!Ostrichheight:9 feet(2.74 m)weight:350 pounds(158.8 kg)Humanheight:6 feet (1.8 m)weight:175 pounds(79.4 kg)Ostriches:Giant Birds Leve

28、l SHow Big Is It?How Big Is It?1314 Ostriches lay the worlds biggest eggs.It would take two dozen chicken eggs to equal the weight of one ostrich egg.An ostrich egg measures about 6 inches(15 cm)long and weighs about 3 pounds(1.5 kg).Ostriches are among Tyrannosaurus rexs closest living relatives.A

29、scientist found a Tyrannosaurus rex bone.He compared the cells to those of twenty-one modern animals.They most closely matched ostriches and chickens.Egg-stra LargeA female ostrich lays six or more eggs in a shallow depression in the sand.All females in the herd place their eggs in the main hens nes

30、t.The main hen sits on them during the day,and the dominant male takes night duty.The eggs hatch after about forty days.Few animals mess with adult ostriches,but their eggs can be stolen by predators such as vultures,jackals,and hyenas,which may also take young ostriches.Ostrich chicks are the size

31、of full-grown chickens when they hatch.Males and females work together to care for the chicks.The dominant male protects them by distracting predators and also teaches the chicks what to eat.They grow about 1 foot(30 cm)each month.By the age of six months,theyre close to adult size.Ostriches can liv

32、e to age fifty or older.Raising GiantsOstrich numbers dropped sharply in the 1700s and 1800s because they were hunted for their feathers,which were used in womens fashion long ago.They were also hunted for food and leather as well as for making feather dusters.When ostrich farming began in 1838,some

33、 wild herds recovered.Wild ostriches are not at risk of becoming endangered.Ostriches are now farmed around the world for meat,leather,feathers,and eggs.Ostriches:Giant Birds Level SThe dominant male ostrich digs a shallow pit in the dirt for the main hen to lay her eggs.1112Kickboxing ChampsOstrich

34、es have no trouble holding their own against predators.Thats where the kickboxing comes in.Their kick is so strong that it can kill a full-grown lion with one blow.In the event that an ostrich cant fight or flee,it lies down and places its long neck on the ground.By staying still in that position,it

35、 makes itself less visible.This defense has given rise to the myth that ostriches bury their heads in the sand.Eating like a BirdOstriches are omnivores.Their typical food is leaves,seeds,and roots.They also eat lizards,snakes,rodents,insects,and any other food they can find if theyre hungry.Their d

36、iet varies throughout the year,and food is sometimes scarce.To make sure they get as many nutrients as possible from their food,their intestines have evolved to be extra long46 feet(14 m)thats almost twice the length of human intestines!These giant birds swallow pebbles and sand to help them grind u

37、p food in their gizzard,a special digestive organ.Unlike the legs of humans and many other animals,an ostrichs legs bend forward,producing a powerful kick.Ostriches dont need to drink water;they get enough from the plants they eat.Ostriches:Giant Birds Level S56No Ordinary BirdOstriches are the gian

38、ts of the bird world.Adult males can grow as tall as 9 feet(2.7 m)with their neck extended and weigh up to 350 pounds(160 kg).Females are slightly smaller but still enormous.Adult males and females are easy to tell apart by their coloring.The males are a striking black and white,while females and ju

39、veniles are grayish-brown.Some ostriches have pink necks and thighs.Ostriches are different from most birds in that they cannot fly.However,theyre the fastest birds on foot.They can run 30 miles per hour(48.2 kph)over a long distance and can sprint up to 45 miles per hour(72.4 kph).In spite of their

40、 large size,ostriches are agile and can turn on a dime using their wings for balance.As the only two-toed birds in the world,ostriches are adapted for running.They run on each foots longer toe and use the other toe for balance.Male and female ostriches take turns watching their chicks until they are

41、 full grown.An ostrichs main toe,which enables it to run fast,has a sharp claw that measures 4 inches(10 cm)long.Ostriches:Giant Birds Level S56No Ordinary BirdOstriches are the giants of the bird world.Adult males can grow as tall as 9 feet(2.7 m)with their neck extended and weigh up to 350 pounds(

42、160 kg).Females are slightly smaller but still enormous.Adult males and females are easy to tell apart by their coloring.The males are a striking black and white,while females and juveniles are grayish-brown.Some ostriches have pink necks and thighs.Ostriches are different from most birds in that th

43、ey cannot fly.However,theyre the fastest birds on foot.They can run 30 miles per hour(48.2 kph)over a long distance and can sprint up to 45 miles per hour(72.4 kph).In spite of their large size,ostriches are agile and can turn on a dime using their wings for balance.As the only two-toed birds in the

44、 world,ostriches are adapted for running.They run on each foots longer toe and use the other toe for balance.Male and female ostriches take turns watching their chicks until they are full grown.An ostrichs main toe,which enables it to run fast,has a sharp claw that measures 4 inches(10 cm)long.Ostri

45、ches:Giant Birds Level S1112Kickboxing ChampsOstriches have no trouble holding their own against predators.Thats where the kickboxing comes in.Their kick is so strong that it can kill a full-grown lion with one blow.In the event that an ostrich cant fight or flee,it lies down and places its long nec

46、k on the ground.By staying still in that position,it makes itself less visible.This defense has given rise to the myth that ostriches bury their heads in the sand.Eating like a BirdOstriches are omnivores.Their typical food is leaves,seeds,and roots.They also eat lizards,snakes,rodents,insects,and a

47、ny other food they can find if theyre hungry.Their diet varies throughout the year,and food is sometimes scarce.To make sure they get as many nutrients as possible from their food,their intestines have evolved to be extra long46 feet(14 m)thats almost twice the length of human intestines!These giant

48、 birds swallow pebbles and sand to help them grind up food in their gizzard,a special digestive organ.Unlike the legs of humans and many other animals,an ostrichs legs bend forward,producing a powerful kick.Ostriches dont need to drink water;they get enough from the plants they eat.Ostriches:Giant B

49、irds Level S910Bird HerdOstriches live in African deserts and savannas.The areas where they live are dry,with extreme heat during the day and cold temperatures at night.Ostriches live in herds that usually have fewer than twelve birds,though a group of one hundred or more may occasionally gather nea

50、r a watering hole.Hanging out in a herd,ostriches use teamwork to stay safe.Their good vision and long necks help them spot danger from far away.A roosterthe dominant maleis in charge of the herd.He makes a roaring “boo-boo-BOO-hoo”call to warn the flock about nearby danger.He also sounds off to int