原版英语RAZ 教案(S) Volcanoes_DS.pdf

《原版英语RAZ 教案(S) Volcanoes_DS.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案(S) Volcanoes_DS.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK SSVZWritten by Chuck GarofanoVolcanoesA Reading AZ Level S Leveled BookWord Count:1,475VolcanoesWritten by Chuck GarofanoVolcanoesLevel S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Chuck GarofanoAll rights reserved.www.readin

2、ga-www.readinga-VolcanoesPhoto Credits:Front cover:iS Grodin;back cover,page 11:iS Albiez;title page:courtesy of Robert Krimmel/U.S.Geological Survey;page 3:Windwardskies/D;page 5:iS Huss;page 6:Peter Horree/Alamy;page 7:Andrea Danti/D;page 10(inset):courtesy of Jacques Descloitres/MODIS Land Rapid

3、Response Team/NASA/GSFC;page 12(top):courtesy of Jim Nieland,U.S.Forest Service,Mount St.Helens National Volcanic Monument;page 15(bottom):courtesy of Lyn Topinka/USGS;page 13:courtesy of Tom Casadevall/USGS;page 14:Pierrette Guertin/123RF;page 15:Keoni Debelka/D;page 16:iS Moments;page 17:iS Fortel

4、ny;page 18(top):courtesy of T.P.Miller/USGS;page 18(bottom):courtesy of Lyn Topinka/USGS;page 19:Hiroshi Ichikawa/DArt Credits:pages 8,9,10(main):Craig Frederick/Learning AZCorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA1920ConclusionVolcanoes are impressive examples of how our planet is a

5、lways changing.Many good things come from volcanoes.Lava creates new rock and new land.Volcanic ash makes rich soil for farming.And volcanic mountains,including Mount Fuji in Japan,Mount Rainier in Washington,and Mauna Loa in Hawaii,are some of the most beautiful mountains in the world.It is no wond

6、er that people often choose to live near volcanoes.But everyone should always remember that volcanoes are dangerous.Volcanoes set free some of Earths most powerful forces.Glossarycaldera(n.)a large,bowl-shaped basin where the land has collapsed into an empty magma chamber(p.14)cinders(n.)small rocks

7、 or pebbles formed from flying lava and ash(p.17)crater(n.)a bowl-shaped hollow area in a volcano where lava,ash,and gases come out(p.11)dormant(adj.)quiet for many hundreds of years(p.4)extinct(adj.)not having erupted in thousands of years and showing no sign of future eruptions(p.4)geysers(n.)hot

8、springs that boil from time to time,sending a column of water and steam into the air(p.10)lava(n.)melted liquid rock that reaches Earths surface(p.4)magma(n.)melted liquid rock beneath Earths surface(p.7)plates(n.)large sheets of rock that make up Earths crust(p.7)surge cloud(n.)a superheated cloud

9、of ash,gas,dust,and rock that moves quickly along the ground(p.6)vents(n.)openings in Earths crust through which magma and gases emerge(p.12)Beautiful Mount Fuji in JapanVolcanoes Level SWritten by Chuck GarofanoVolcanoesLevel S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Chuck GarofanoAll rights reserved.ww

10、w.readinga-www.readinga-VolcanoesPhoto Credits:Front cover:iS Grodin;back cover,page 11:iS Albiez;title page:courtesy of Robert Krimmel/U.S.Geological Survey;page 3:Windwardskies/D;page 5:iS Huss;page 6:Peter Horree/Alamy;page 7:Andrea Danti/D;page 10(inset):courtesy of Jacques Descloitres/MODIS Lan

11、d Rapid Response Team/NASA/GSFC;page 12(top):courtesy of Jim Nieland,U.S.Forest Service,Mount St.Helens National Volcanic Monument;page 15(bottom):courtesy of Lyn Topinka/USGS;page 13:courtesy of Tom Casadevall/USGS;page 14:Pierrette Guertin/123RF;page 15:Keoni Debelka/D;page 16:iS Moments;page 17:i

12、S Fortelny;page 18(top):courtesy of T.P.Miller/USGS;page 18(bottom):courtesy of Lyn Topinka/USGS;page 19:Hiroshi Ichikawa/DArt Credits:pages 8,9,10(main):Craig Frederick/Learning AZCorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA1920ConclusionVolcanoes are impressive examples of how our pla

13、net is always changing.Many good things come from volcanoes.Lava creates new rock and new land.Volcanic ash makes rich soil for farming.And volcanic mountains,including Mount Fuji in Japan,Mount Rainier in Washington,and Mauna Loa in Hawaii,are some of the most beautiful mountains in the world.It is

14、 no wonder that people often choose to live near volcanoes.But everyone should always remember that volcanoes are dangerous.Volcanoes set free some of Earths most powerful forces.Glossarycaldera(n.)a large,bowl-shaped basin where the land has collapsed into an empty magma chamber(p.14)cinders(n.)sma

15、ll rocks or pebbles formed from flying lava and ash(p.17)crater(n.)a bowl-shaped hollow area in a volcano where lava,ash,and gases come out(p.11)dormant(adj.)quiet for many hundreds of years(p.4)extinct(adj.)not having erupted in thousands of years and showing no sign of future eruptions(p.4)geysers

16、(n.)hot springs that boil from time to time,sending a column of water and steam into the air(p.10)lava(n.)melted liquid rock that reaches Earths surface(p.4)magma(n.)melted liquid rock beneath Earths surface(p.7)plates(n.)large sheets of rock that make up Earths crust(p.7)surge cloud(n.)a superheate

17、d cloud of ash,gas,dust,and rock that moves quickly along the ground(p.6)vents(n.)openings in Earths crust through which magma and gases emerge(p.12)Beautiful Mount Fuji in JapanVolcanoes Level S1718Cinder Cones and Lava DomesSome volcanoes dont form large mountains.Instead,they just spray small amo

18、unts of lava into the air.The small lava chunks and bits of ash harden into light rocks called cinders.The cinders pile up around the vent into a hill with a bowl-shaped crater at the top.These hills are called cinder cones.New volcanoes often produce cinder cones.Other cinder cones form inside the

19、craters or calderas of larger,older volcanoes.Most cinder cones erupt only once.Because cinder cones are made of loose rocks,they are quickly worn away by wind and rain.Small,quick eruptions sometimes form lava domes.Lava domes are created when thick lava oozes from a vent and quickly hardens.Someti

20、mes more lava pushes through the dome,causing its sides to crack.Lava domes often form in areas with other volcanic activity.They can often be found in the craters of large volcanoes.Like composite volcanoes,lava domes often explode violently.Cinder cones on Mauna Kea volcano,HawaiiLava dome atop No

21、varupta vent,Katmai National Park and Preserve,Alaska(above);a scientist monitoring a lava dome inside a crater lava domeVolcanoes Level S34Table of ContentsThe Eruption of Vesuvius.4Where and Why Volcanoes Form.7Composite Volcanoes .11Shield Volcanoes .15Cinder Cones and Lava Domes .17Conclusion .1

22、9Glossary .20The Eruption of VesuviusFew people in the Roman city of Pompeii cared about the earthquakes in ad 79.No one connected them with the smoke coming from nearby Mount Vesuvius.The volcanic mountain was covered with trees,flowers,and grass.It had been a thousand years since the volcano had l

23、ast erupted.Most people thought Mount Vesuvius was dormant or extinct.But everything changed on August 24 around one oclock in the afternoon.A huge explosion shook the ground.Dust,ash,and melted rock blew out of the top of the volcano,darkening the sky.Stones began to rain down on the city.Rocks and

24、 ash covered the ground as far away as 16 kilometers(10 mi)from the mountain.By three oclock,lava(melted rock)began pouring from the volcano,destroying everything in its path.By six oclock,the cloud of dust and ash was 32 kilometers(20 mi)high.The ash kept falling,covering the ground to a depth of 1

25、 meter(3.3 ft).Buildings collapsed under the weight of the stones and ash.Volcanoes Level S34Table of ContentsThe Eruption of Vesuvius.4Where and Why Volcanoes Form.7Composite Volcanoes .11Shield Volcanoes .15Cinder Cones and Lava Domes .17Conclusion .19Glossary .20The Eruption of VesuviusFew people

26、 in the Roman city of Pompeii cared about the earthquakes in ad 79.No one connected them with the smoke coming from nearby Mount Vesuvius.The volcanic mountain was covered with trees,flowers,and grass.It had been a thousand years since the volcano had last erupted.Most people thought Mount Vesuvius

27、was dormant or extinct.But everything changed on August 24 around one oclock in the afternoon.A huge explosion shook the ground.Dust,ash,and melted rock blew out of the top of the volcano,darkening the sky.Stones began to rain down on the city.Rocks and ash covered the ground as far away as 16 kilom

28、eters(10 mi)from the mountain.By three oclock,lava(melted rock)began pouring from the volcano,destroying everything in its path.By six oclock,the cloud of dust and ash was 32 kilometers(20 mi)high.The ash kept falling,covering the ground to a depth of 1 meter(3.3 ft).Buildings collapsed under the we

29、ight of the stones and ash.Volcanoes Level S1718Cinder Cones and Lava DomesSome volcanoes dont form large mountains.Instead,they just spray small amounts of lava into the air.The small lava chunks and bits of ash harden into light rocks called cinders.The cinders pile up around the vent into a hill

30、with a bowl-shaped crater at the top.These hills are called cinder cones.New volcanoes often produce cinder cones.Other cinder cones form inside the craters or calderas of larger,older volcanoes.Most cinder cones erupt only once.Because cinder cones are made of loose rocks,they are quickly worn away

31、 by wind and rain.Small,quick eruptions sometimes form lava domes.Lava domes are created when thick lava oozes from a vent and quickly hardens.Sometimes more lava pushes through the dome,causing its sides to crack.Lava domes often form in areas with other volcanic activity.They can often be found in

32、 the craters of large volcanoes.Like composite volcanoes,lava domes often explode violently.Cinder cones on Mauna Kea volcano,HawaiiLava dome atop Novarupta vent,Katmai National Park and Preserve,Alaska(above);a scientist monitoring a lava dome inside a crater lava domeVolcanoes Level S1516Composite

33、 volcanoes can destroy forests,bury cities,and kill people,but these volcanoes often stay quiet for hundreds of years between eruptions.People living nearby forget that the volcano can explode.Shield VolcanoesYou may have seen a video of lava flowing or spraying from a volcano.The lava is runny and

34、flows quickly.It flows far and fast before slowly hardening and building up.This kind of lava comes from a shield volcano.Shield volcanoes usually have gentle mountain slopes shaped like shields.Eruptions of shield volcanoes are usually non-explosive,although the lava can still damage roads,homes,an

35、d forests.Sometimes the lava sprays dramatically from the crater,creating a lava fountain.Shield volcanoes can remain quietly active for a long time and can grow very large.Mauna Loa on Hawaii is the tallest volcano in the world,rising 9,170 meters(30,080 ft)from its base on the seafloor.Thats talle

36、r than Mount Everest!The largest known volcano in the solar system is Olympus Mons on Mars.This Martian shield volcano rises an amazing 27 kilometers(17 mi)in height.Olympus Mons,on the surface of Mars,is the largest volcano in the solar system.It would cover the entire state of Arizona.Mauna Loa,a

37、shield volcano in HawaiiVolcanoes Level S56People tried to flee as the volcano destroyed their homes and farms.But the ash was so deep and hot that many people died as they tried to walk through it.Stones falling from the dark sky killed others.And many people choked to death on the ash-and dust-clo

38、gged air.Around midnight,the situation became even worse.The massive cloud of ash,poisonous gas,glowing-hot dust,and smoke had become too heavy to stay in the air.The cloud collapsed,falling down the mountain at speeds of up to 500 kilometers per hour (310 mph).Within moments,people in the cities of

39、 Pompeii and Herculaneum were burned and buried by Mount Vesuviuss first surge cloud.As more dust and ash poured from the volcano,more surge clouds followed.When the eruption ended,two cities were completely buried and wiped off the face of the Earth.They would not be uncovered again for more than o

40、ne thousand years.Mount Vesuvius overlooks the ruins of Pompeii.A plaster cast of the body of an inhabitant of Pompeii killed by the eruption of Mount VesuviusDo You Know?Pompeii,a city not far from Mount Vesuvius,was completely buried by a surge cloud.As the bodies of victims decayed over time,they

41、 left pockets of air in the hardened ash and mud that surrounded them.These air pockets preserved the exact shapes of the bodies they once contained.Archaeologists filled the holes with plaster to make casts showing how the people looked when they died.Volcanoes Level S56People tried to flee as the

42、volcano destroyed their homes and farms.But the ash was so deep and hot that many people died as they tried to walk through it.Stones falling from the dark sky killed others.And many people choked to death on the ash-and dust-clogged air.Around midnight,the situation became even worse.The massive cl

43、oud of ash,poisonous gas,glowing-hot dust,and smoke had become too heavy to stay in the air.The cloud collapsed,falling down the mountain at speeds of up to 500 kilometers per hour (310 mph).Within moments,people in the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were burned and buried by Mount Vesuviuss firs

44、t surge cloud.As more dust and ash poured from the volcano,more surge clouds followed.When the eruption ended,two cities were completely buried and wiped off the face of the Earth.They would not be uncovered again for more than one thousand years.Mount Vesuvius overlooks the ruins of Pompeii.A plast

45、er cast of the body of an inhabitant of Pompeii killed by the eruption of Mount VesuviusDo You Know?Pompeii,a city not far from Mount Vesuvius,was completely buried by a surge cloud.As the bodies of victims decayed over time,they left pockets of air in the hardened ash and mud that surrounded them.T

46、hese air pockets preserved the exact shapes of the bodies they once contained.Archaeologists filled the holes with plaster to make casts showing how the people looked when they died.Volcanoes Level S1516Composite volcanoes can destroy forests,bury cities,and kill people,but these volcanoes often sta

47、y quiet for hundreds of years between eruptions.People living nearby forget that the volcano can explode.Shield VolcanoesYou may have seen a video of lava flowing or spraying from a volcano.The lava is runny and flows quickly.It flows far and fast before slowly hardening and building up.This kind of

48、 lava comes from a shield volcano.Shield volcanoes usually have gentle mountain slopes shaped like shields.Eruptions of shield volcanoes are usually non-explosive,although the lava can still damage roads,homes,and forests.Sometimes the lava sprays dramatically from the crater,creating a lava fountai

49、n.Shield volcanoes can remain quietly active for a long time and can grow very large.Mauna Loa on Hawaii is the tallest volcano in the world,rising 9,170 meters(30,080 ft)from its base on the seafloor.Thats taller than Mount Everest!The largest known volcano in the solar system is Olympus Mons on Ma

50、rs.This Martian shield volcano rises an amazing 27 kilometers(17 mi)in height.Olympus Mons,on the surface of Mars,is the largest volcano in the solar system.It would cover the entire state of Arizona.Mauna Loa,a shield volcano in HawaiiVolcanoes Level S1314When composite volcanoes erupt,they send hu