原版英语RAZ 教案Floods_DS.pdf

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1、www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK VWritten by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczFloodsA Reading AZ Level V Leveled BookWord Count:1,077Floodswww.readinga-FloodsLevel V Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Cre

2、dits:Front cover,back cover:REUTERS/Eric Thayer;title page:REX USA/Chris Scott/Newspix/Rex;page 3:courtesy of Jocelyn Augustino/FEMA;page 4:Liz Hafalia/San Francisco Chronicle/Corbis;page 5:NASA images created by Jesse Allen,Earth Observatory,using data provided courtesy of the Landsat Project Scien

3、ce Office;page 6:Evan Vucci/AP Images;page 7:REUTERS/Michael Spooneybarger;page 11:Tom Salyer/Alamy;page 12(main):Skibum112/D;page 12(inset):Tom+Pat Leeson/;page 14:Arterra Picture Library/Alamy;page 15:Young-Wolff Photography/AlamyFront and back cover:Rescue workers patrol a neighborhood under floo

4、dwaters in Vicksburg,Mississippi,in 2011.Title page:Residents of Wagga Wagga,Australia,band together to pile up sandbags for protection from rising floodwaters.Page 3:Government workers help families get away from floodwaters in New Orleans,Louisiana.Written by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczCorrelationLEVEL V

5、R4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAFloods1516ConclusionAlthough we have created many ways to warn and protect ourselves,floods still occur.Every year,floods cause billions of dollars in property damage and take thousands of peoples lives.However,they are necessary to the health of many different

6、 animals,including people.As we learn more about floods,we may be able to discover a balance between our needs and the destructive and helpful properties of this natural process.Glossaryabsorb(v.)to soak up or take in(p.13)destructive(adj.)causing great damage or harm(p.11)dikes(n.)long walls built

7、to help keep water from flooding an area(p.14)drainage(n.)the act of removing water from somewhere or something(p.13)ecosystems(n.)communities of living things together with their habitats(p.11)floodplain(n.)low,flat land that is covered with water when streams and rivers overflow(p.5)hurricane(n.)a

8、 strong,spinning storm with heavy rain and high winds that starts over an ocean,especially the Atlantic Ocean(p.7)levees(n.)ridges or raised areas that prevent a river from overflowing(p.4)nutrients(n.)substances that living things need to live,stay healthy,and grow(p.4)precipitation(n.)water that f

9、alls to the ground,such as hail,sleet,rain,or snow(p.6)recedes(v.)moves or pulls back from a previous position(p.11)sediment(n.)particles of dirt and rock that are carried by water,wind,or ice and deposited elsewhere(p.11)Stay safe during a flood!Get information about storm forecasts from the Intern

10、et,radio,or television.Move to high ground away from rivers,shores,storm drains,or other places where water might rise.Make an emergency kit that includes drinking water,canned food,a flashlight,a radio with extra batteries,a blanket,a change of clothes,and some pet food.Make sure your pets are safe

11、 inside before a storm.Never try to walk or swim through moving water during a storm.Do not use electrical appliances if they are wet.Floods Level Vwww.readinga-FloodsLevel V Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:

12、REUTERS/Eric Thayer;title page:REX USA/Chris Scott/Newspix/Rex;page 3:courtesy of Jocelyn Augustino/FEMA;page 4:Liz Hafalia/San Francisco Chronicle/Corbis;page 5:NASA images created by Jesse Allen,Earth Observatory,using data provided courtesy of the Landsat Project Science Office;page 6:Evan Vucci/

13、AP Images;page 7:REUTERS/Michael Spooneybarger;page 11:Tom Salyer/Alamy;page 12(main):Skibum112/D;page 12(inset):Tom+Pat Leeson/;page 14:Arterra Picture Library/Alamy;page 15:Young-Wolff Photography/AlamyFront and back cover:Rescue workers patrol a neighborhood under floodwaters in Vicksburg,Mississ

14、ippi,in 2011.Title page:Residents of Wagga Wagga,Australia,band together to pile up sandbags for protection from rising floodwaters.Page 3:Government workers help families get away from floodwaters in New Orleans,Louisiana.Written by Alfred J.SmuskiewiczCorrelationLEVEL VR4040Fountas&PinnellReading

15、RecoveryDRAFloods1516ConclusionAlthough we have created many ways to warn and protect ourselves,floods still occur.Every year,floods cause billions of dollars in property damage and take thousands of peoples lives.However,they are necessary to the health of many different animals,including people.As

16、 we learn more about floods,we may be able to discover a balance between our needs and the destructive and helpful properties of this natural process.Glossaryabsorb(v.)to soak up or take in(p.13)destructive(adj.)causing great damage or harm(p.11)dikes(n.)long walls built to help keep water from floo

17、ding an area(p.14)drainage(n.)the act of removing water from somewhere or something(p.13)ecosystems(n.)communities of living things together with their habitats(p.11)floodplain(n.)low,flat land that is covered with water when streams and rivers overflow(p.5)hurricane(n.)a strong,spinning storm with

18、heavy rain and high winds that starts over an ocean,especially the Atlantic Ocean(p.7)levees(n.)ridges or raised areas that prevent a river from overflowing(p.4)nutrients(n.)substances that living things need to live,stay healthy,and grow(p.4)precipitation(n.)water that falls to the ground,such as h

19、ail,sleet,rain,or snow(p.6)recedes(v.)moves or pulls back from a previous position(p.11)sediment(n.)particles of dirt and rock that are carried by water,wind,or ice and deposited elsewhere(p.11)Stay safe during a flood!Get information about storm forecasts from the Internet,radio,or television.Move

20、to high ground away from rivers,shores,storm drains,or other places where water might rise.Make an emergency kit that includes drinking water,canned food,a flashlight,a radio with extra batteries,a blanket,a change of clothes,and some pet food.Make sure your pets are safe inside before a storm.Never

21、 try to walk or swim through moving water during a storm.Do not use electrical appliances if they are wet.Floods Level V1314People and FloodsNature has found many ways to handle floods;however,it can sometimes be difficult for people.Modern construction covers up or destroys many of the natural syst

22、ems for handling floods.With nothing to absorb or stop the water,it flows on top of the ground,causing much more damage.As a result,people have created multiple lines of defense from floods.The most obvious are the gutters,drains,and sewers that take water from the streets and quickly move it away.T

23、his urban drainage system is effective most of the time.However,it causes some problems.The increased amount of water draining into rivers and streams can actually cause flooding in other areas.Urban drainage can only handle so much water.People have created other systems to protect themselves from

24、floods.They have built levees,dikes,and dams to hold back large amounts of water.Many dams have gates that allow people to control the flow of water through the dam.These structures help,but they can also cause problems.The blocked water builds up behind them,causing a change in the surrounding ecos

25、ystem.They also disrupt flood patterns and ecosystems downstream.Some systems for protecting people from floods are massive in scale.For hundreds of years,the people of the Netherlands suffered constant flooding.In 1927,they began building the North Sea Protection Works.This complex system of struct

26、ures took almost twenty-five years to build.The North Sea Protection Works is a unique,complex system of dams,floodgates,and storm surge barriers that allows the Netherlands to exist.Most Expensive Floods in United States HistoryYearLocation Estimated Cost2005Louisiana,Mississippi,Alabama$80 billion

27、1993Mississippi and Missouri Rivers$30 billion2011Tennessee to Louisiana$9 billion1995Southern Louisiana$7.8 billion 1951Kansas$6.7 billion1936Maine,New Hampshire$4.7 billion1995Northern California$4.3 billion1965Colorado$3.9 billion19961997Pacific Northwest U.S.$3.5 billion1913Ohio$3.3 billion19641

28、965Pacific Northwest U.S.$3 billionFloods Level V34Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Overbank Flooding .5Flash Floods .7Seiche .8Storm Surges .9The Good in Floods .11People and Floods .13Conclusion .15Glossary .16IntroductionIn August of 2005,much of the city of New Orleans,Louisiana,was flooded.Hurri

29、cane Katrina sent millions of gallons of water flowing over the protective levees.The flooding caused billions of dollars in damage and cost almost two thousand people their lives.Years later,the effects of the flood can still be seen throughout the city.The flooding in New Orleans was devastating a

30、nd extreme,but floods happen around the world every day,usually with much less impact.In fact,many areas rely on regular flooding to add nutrients to soil.These nutrients support the growth of crops as well as forests and other natural habitats.In 2005,floodwaters in New Orleans,Louisiana,covered ca

31、rs and houses for weeks after Katrina,leaving many people without homes or jobs.Floods Level V34Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Overbank Flooding .5Flash Floods .7Seiche .8Storm Surges .9The Good in Floods .11People and Floods .13Conclusion .15Glossary .16IntroductionIn August of 2005,much of the ci

32、ty of New Orleans,Louisiana,was flooded.Hurricane Katrina sent millions of gallons of water flowing over the protective levees.The flooding caused billions of dollars in damage and cost almost two thousand people their lives.Years later,the effects of the flood can still be seen throughout the city.

33、The flooding in New Orleans was devastating and extreme,but floods happen around the world every day,usually with much less impact.In fact,many areas rely on regular flooding to add nutrients to soil.These nutrients support the growth of crops as well as forests and other natural habitats.In 2005,fl

34、oodwaters in New Orleans,Louisiana,covered cars and houses for weeks after Katrina,leaving many people without homes or jobs.Floods Level V1314People and FloodsNature has found many ways to handle floods;however,it can sometimes be difficult for people.Modern construction covers up or destroys many

35、of the natural systems for handling floods.With nothing to absorb or stop the water,it flows on top of the ground,causing much more damage.As a result,people have created multiple lines of defense from floods.The most obvious are the gutters,drains,and sewers that take water from the streets and qui

36、ckly move it away.This urban drainage system is effective most of the time.However,it causes some problems.The increased amount of water draining into rivers and streams can actually cause flooding in other areas.Urban drainage can only handle so much water.People have created other systems to prote

37、ct themselves from floods.They have built levees,dikes,and dams to hold back large amounts of water.Many dams have gates that allow people to control the flow of water through the dam.These structures help,but they can also cause problems.The blocked water builds up behind them,causing a change in t

38、he surrounding ecosystem.They also disrupt flood patterns and ecosystems downstream.Some systems for protecting people from floods are massive in scale.For hundreds of years,the people of the Netherlands suffered constant flooding.In 1927,they began building the North Sea Protection Works.This compl

39、ex system of structures took almost twenty-five years to build.The North Sea Protection Works is a unique,complex system of dams,floodgates,and storm surge barriers that allows the Netherlands to exist.Most Expensive Floods in United States HistoryYearLocation Estimated Cost2005Louisiana,Mississippi

40、,Alabama$80 billion1993Mississippi and Missouri Rivers$30 billion2011Tennessee to Louisiana$9 billion1995Southern Louisiana$7.8 billion 1951Kansas$6.7 billion1936Maine,New Hampshire$4.7 billion1995Northern California$4.3 billion1965Colorado$3.9 billion19961997Pacific Northwest U.S.$3.5 billion1913Oh

41、io$3.3 billion19641965Pacific Northwest U.S.$3 billionFloods Level V1112Natures EngineersBeavers are known for building dams on streams,rivers,and ponds as well as in lakes.They make their dams out of logs and branches,and glue them together with mud and wet plants.Some beaver dams are longer than 1

42、,000 feet(300 m).These dams back up the flow of water from a stream,causing ponds to form.The dams reduce flooding in these areas by holding back the water that runs into streams during heavy rains.The excess water is then released a little at a time instead of all at once.The Good in FloodsWhile fl

43、oods can be incredibly destructive,they are an essential part of many natural ecosystems.For example,many ecosystems along rivers or in existing floodplains need floods to survive.Water in rivers carries sediment,which is full of nutrients.When the river floods and the water recedes,it leaves the se

44、diment behind.The nutrients nourish plants,which provide food for animals.The water may also be a signal for some animals to start producing young.Salt marshes along some coasts flood every day with the ocean tides.They are home to many plants as well as fish,birds,insects,and other animals.These li

45、ving things rely on the regular flooding to bring in fresh water and food from the ocean.Marshes,along with swamps and other types of wetlands,also help decrease the severity of floods.They are able to hold large amounts of water and can drain effectively when they become too full.Excess water will

46、flow into these areas instead of to places where it may cause more damage.Mangrove forests in salt marshes are unique ecosystems that protect coastlines from severe flooding and provide protection for many living things.Floods Level V56Sand-less Sandbags?To protect buildings from flooding,people sta

47、ck bags of sand on top of each other.In 2012,Peyton Robertson,a ten-year-old boy,saw the destruction caused by a hurricane.He invented a new kind of sandbag by filling canvas bags with salt and a special substance that expands when it gets wet.The bags are lighter and make a better seal against wate

48、r than regular sandbags.His new sand-less sandbags work so well that he won the 2013 Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge.Overbank FloodingThe most common type of flooding is overbank flooding.In the United States alone,hundreds of these floods occur every year.Overbank flooding happens

49、when water from heavy rains or melting ice and snow fills a river channel beyond its capacity.The extra water flows over the banks and into the floodplain,which is the area that the water covers.In areas with wide,flat floodplains,the water may spread slowly and remain for days or weeks.In areas wit

50、h deep,narrow floodplains,the water moves quickly and floods for only a short time.Many rivers have small floods every year and larger floods every five or so years.Occasionally,heavy precipitation causes severe flooding along rivers.These events are often referred to as one-hundred-year floods.For