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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Blue Whales:Giant MammalsA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:1,111WritingWrite a poem about blue whales using facts from the book.ScienceBoth blue whales and humans are mammals.Draw a Venn diagram comparing the two.Include at least thr

2、ee similarities and differences.ConnectionsLEVELED BOOK AGIANTS OF THEANIMAL WORLDLEVELED BOOK RLEVELED BOOK RWritten by S.E.Virgiliowww.readinga-Blue Whales:Giant Mammalswww.readinga-Written by S.E.VirgilioWhat features allow the blue whale,a mammal,to survive in water?Focus QuestionBlue Whales:Gia

3、nt Mammals16Glossarybaleen(n.)a material in the mouth of certain whales that filters food from ocean water(p.11)blubber(n.)fat under the skin that keeps marine mammals warm(p.9)esophagus(n.)the muscle-lined tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach(p.10)flukes(n.)the two halves of a whal

4、es tail (p.8)gestation(n.)the period when a baby develops inside its mothers body before being born;the development that occurs during this time(p.13)insulates(v.)prevents the transfer of heat(p.9)keratin(n.)a strong material produced by the bodies of some animals that makes up hair,hooves,claws,fea

5、thers,and fingernails(p.11)krill(n.)tiny crustaceans that live in oceans and are food for many other animals(p.10)sonar(n.)a system that sends high-frequency sound waves through water and registers the vibrations bounced back by an object(p.14)16Blue Whales:Giant MammalsLevel R Leveled Book Learning

6、 AZWritten by S.E.VirgilioAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRACover:A blue whale feeds off the coast of Mexico.Title page:Two blue whales filter feed off the coast of California.Page 3:A blue whale raises its fluke in preparation for a deep dive.

7、Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Doc White/NPL/Minden Pictures;cover icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:Nature Picture Library/Alamy;page 3:Tui De Roy/Minden Pictures;page 4(top):syntika/iStock/Thinkstock;page 4(bottom):Suzi Eszterhas/;page 5:Christopher Swann/SpecialistStock/Auro

8、ra Photos;page 6(background):Andriy Myahkov/iStock/Thinkstock;page 6(foreground):Universal Images Group Limited/Alamy;page 7:James Forte/National Geographic Creative;page 8(main):Mark Carwardine/NPL/Minden Pictures;page 8(inset):Mcasabar/D;page 10(main):Richard Herrmann/Minden Pictures;page 10(inset

9、):Jean Paul Ferrero/;page 11:Stocktrek Images,Inc/Alamy;page 12:Doc White/;page 13:Francois Gohier/;page 14:Richard Herrmann/Minden Pictures;page 15:Bud Lehnhausen/Science SourcebaleenblubberesophagusflukesgestationinsulateskeratinkrillsonarWords to Know15ConclusionWhale songs are just one of the be

10、haviors of blue whales that scientists hope to better understand.Much is still unknown about the habits of these enormous creatures.In the early to mid-twentieth century,so many blue whales were hunted that they were nearly driven to extinction.Their numbers have only slightly recovered since then.A

11、s an endangered species,blue whales are protected by the International Whaling Commission.Despite these efforts,it is estimated that only ten to twenty-five thousand of these magnificent creatures survive today.Scientists continue their research,hoping to acquire new knowledge about these gentle gia

12、nts to help ensure their survival for many generations to come.Once,over three hundred thousand blue whales lived in the worlds oceans.Now there are only about ten to twenty-five thousand.Blue Whales:Giant Mammals Level R153Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Blowholes and Blubber .7A Whole Lot of Littl

13、e .10From Sea to Shining Sea .12Those Big Baby Blues .13Song of the Sea .14Conclusion .15Glossary .16Blue Whales:Giant Mammals Level R14Song of the SeaBlue whales are not only the largest animals in the world,they are also the loudest.These whales can produce sounds louder than a jet engine!Whale“so

14、ngs”can travel for miles through the water.Even though whale sounds are loud,they are impossible for people to hear without special equipment.Some scientists think whales use sonar to help them find their way through dark ocean waters,much the way bats navigate.Other scientists think whales sing to

15、communicate with each other.Scientists do know that only male whales sing.They have also discovered that whales in different parts of the world sing slightly different songs.Whale songs are too deep and low for humans to hear without special equipment.4IntroductionFar out at sea,scientists scan the

16、horizon.They are looking for the largest creature on Earth.You would think that finding an enormous animal would be easy,but oceans are vast and wide.Suddenly,a thunderous roar sounds as a blast of water shoots high into the air.The scientists have found what they were looking forthe mighty,magnific

17、ent blue whale.How Big Is It?How Big Is It?A blue whales water spout can shoot over 30 feet(9.1 m)in the air.Human Height:6 feet(1.8 m)Weight:175 pounds(79.4 kg)Blue whale Length:100 feet(30.5 m),Weight:200 tons(181.4 mt)13Those Big Baby BluesFemale blue whales give birth when they are in warmer wat

18、er.Their gestation period lasts approximately ten to twelve months.A female whale gives birth every two or three years.Baby blue whales,called calves,weigh more than 5,000 pounds(2,268 kg)when they are born.Within minutes of birth,a calf swims to the surface with its mother for air.The calf and its

19、mother have a strong bond.They remain together for many months while the calf drinks milk and gains over 200 pounds(90.7 kg)a day.After about a year,it leaves its mother and becomes independent.Blue whales give birth in warm waters.Calves have little insulating blubber when first born.Blue Whales:Gi

20、ant Mammals Level R5A blue whales size is impressive.It can weigh as much as 200 tons(181.4 mt)and be as long as approximately 100 feet(30.5 m).Its tongue alone weighs as much as an elephant.Its heart is so large that a person could crawl through its main blood vessels!A blue whales body is as long

21、as a basketball court.Blue Whales:Giant Mammals Level R12From Sea to Shining SeaBlue whales can be found gliding through the depths of every ocean on our planet.They travel alone or in pairs,going wherever krill live.During the summer months,blue whales feed in polar waters.When winter comes,both th

22、e krill and the whales migrate toward the equator.A favorite gathering spot for many blue whales is the Costa Rica Dome,off the southern coast of Central America.Where Blue Whales LiveWhere Blue Whales LiveThe grooves on a blue whales throat expand to help it gulp up to 17,000 gallons(64,352 L)of wa

23、ter at a time.NORTH AMERICAPACIFIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANINDIAN OCEANATLANTIC OCEANAFRICAAUSTRALIAANTARCTICAASIAEUROPESOUTH AMERICA=Blue whale range6The blue whale has a mammoth body.Its skin actually looks blue underwater,but from above it looks blue-gray.The underside of a blue whale sometimes appears

24、 to be pale yellow thanks to tiny organisms called diatoms that often hitch rides on the whales skin.What Makes a Blue Whale a Mammal?What Makes a Blue Whale a Mammal?All mammals breathe air have hair on their bodies at some stage in their development are warm-blooded produce milk to feed their babi

25、esA blue whale breathes air through blowholes on the top of its head.A blue whale has a layer of fat,called blubber,that helps keep it warm.A blue whale has baleenhairlike structures inside its upper jaw.11Instead of teeth,blue whales have plates of baleen on their upper jaws.Baleen is made of kerat

26、in,the same material in our hair and fingernails.Baleen plates are like a mustache growing inside a whales mouth.Baleen works like a filter.A blue whale opens its mouth and takes a gulp of seawater full of swimming krill.The whales throat expands to hold thousands of gallons of seawater.Then the wha

27、le closes its mouth and uses its tongue to push the seawater through the baleen and back out into the sea.Because krill cannot pass through the baleen,they stay trapped inside the whales mouth and are swallowed whole.A blue whale eats about forty million krill each day.A blue whale has up to eight h

28、undred baleen plates in its mouth.baleenBlue Whales:Giant Mammals Level R7Blowholes and BlubberBlue whales live in the sea,but they are not fish.These graceful giants are the worlds largest mammals.Blue whales have lungs and breathe air just like humans.They inhale and exhale through two blowholes o

29、n top of their heads.In order to breathe,a whale must come to the oceans surface.The blowholes open and the whale expels air,sending water spouts up to 30 feet(9.1 m)into the sky.Then the whale quickly inhales,filling its massive lungs.All of this happens in under two seconds!A flap covers a blue wh

30、ales blowholes to keep out water when it dives.Blue Whales:Giant Mammals Level R10A Whole Lot of LittleWhen blue whales dive,they are searching for their favorite foodkrill.Krill are tiny shrimplike creatures that live in large groups.Swarms of krill can be found near the waters surface as well as a

31、t ocean depths greater than 6,000 feet(1,829 m).It may seem strange that the largest animal in the world feeds on one of the smallest.Blue whales are gargantuan,but their throats are actually very narrow.Their esophagus is only inches wide,so they cannot swallow anything large.Blue whales also have

32、no teeth for chewing.They must swallow their food whole.Krill(inset)is the main food in a blue whales diet.Krill often swarm near the waters surface.8A whale breathes in and out several times at the surface before beginning a dive.It uses its flexible spine and wide tail flukes to navigate through t

33、he water.Flukes are made up of tissue,not bone,so they are flexible.Blue whales leave circles called“flukeprints”on the waters surface when they dive.These whales usually cruise along at 5 miles per hour(8 kmph),but they can travel as fast as 20 miles per hour(32 kmph).Blue whales can stay underwate

34、r for about thirty minutes.They are considered shallow divers because they rarely go deeper than 700 feet(213.4 m).In contrast,sperm whales dive about 3,280 feet(1,000 m)more than four times deeper!Whale watchers look for flukeprints on the waters surface to locate whales.9Ocean water can be frigid

35、at such depths,but thats not a problem for blue whales.Like all sea mammals,blue whales have a layer of fat called blubber just beneath their skin.The blubber insulates them from the deep waters chilly temperatures.In addition to keeping whales warm,blubber also helps them float better and swim faster.outer layer of skininner layer of skinblubbermuscleBlue Whales:Giant Mammals Level R