原版英语RAZ 教案(Z) Satellites_DS.pdf

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1、SatellitesA Reading AZ Level Z Leveled BookWord Count:1,827Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-Written by Lori PolydorosLEVELED BOOK ZSatellitesSatelliteswww.readinga-SatellitesLevel Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Lori PolydorosIllustrations by Craig Frederick

2、All rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover:courtesy of NASA/JHU APL;back cover,title page:courtesy of NASA;page 3:courtesy of NASA/Kepler Mission/Wendy Stenzel;pages 4,5(Earth,satellite),10(Earth,satellite),16(satellite),24(s

3、atellite):ArtToday;pages 5(Mars,Jupiter,Saturn),16:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 5(Io):courtesy of NASA/JPL/University of Arizona;page 5(Callisto):courtesy of NASA/JPL/DLR;page 6:courtesy of NASA/WMAP Science Team;page 7:courtesy of NASA/JPL/Deep Space Network;page 8:courtesy of ESA-GOCE High Level

4、 Processing Facility;page 9:courtesy of NASA/JSC/Orbital Debris Program Office;page 11:Jakob Kamender/123RF;page 12:courtesy of Robert Simmon/NASA/Earth Observatory;page 13:courtesy of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS,and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team;page 14:courtesy of NASA/MODIS Rapid Response Team;pa

5、ge 15:courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/SSD;page 17:courtesy of Space Telescope Science Institute/NASA;page 18:Detlev Van Ravenswaay/SPL/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page 19:courtesy of STS-130 Crew,NASA;page 20:courtesy of Space Telescope Science Institute/NASA;page 22:Sergei Chirikov/epa/Corbis;page 24:Andrey Pro

6、khorov/iSFront cover:The STEREO mission studies Sun-Earth relationships,severe solar eruptions,and helps weather-detection satellites.Back cover:The Mir Russian space station docked with the space shuttle Atlantis in 1995.Title page:Environmental satellite GOES is designed to help with severe storm

7、warnings and global resource management.Written by Lori PolydorosSatellites Level Z2324Glossaryartificial human-made objects that orbit other satellites(n.)objects in space(p.4)astronomical research satellites to monitor waves satellites(n.)and particles in deep space(p.16)bus(n.)the body of a satel

8、lite;contains basic functions and equipment(p.6)communication satellites that pick up sound,picture,satellites(n.)and telephone signals(p.11)environmental satellites that monitor how the Earth is satellites(n.)changing(p.12)GPS(n.)Global Positioning System,uses radio signals from satellites to pinpo

9、int locations(p.16)gravity(n.)the Earths force that pulls everything to its center(p.8)low-Earth an orbit close to the Earth,200500 miles orbit(n.)(321804 km)high(p.8)meteorologists scientists that study the Earths (n.)atmosphere,climate,and weather(p.15)navigational satellites that help ships and p

10、lanes satellites(n.)know where they are(p.16)orbits(n.)the paths of objects around others(p.4)payload(n.)part of a satellite that carries tools(p.6)polar orbit(n.)orbiting the North and South poles (p.10)reconnaissance satellites that gather information satellites(n.)about other countries(p.12)weath

11、er satellites that monitor weather (p.15)satellites(n.)Indexartificial satellites,46,8,18bus,6Columbia space shuttle,21communication satellites,11,14downlinking,7Earth observational satellites,12Earth Station,7elliptical orbit,10,18environmental satellites,12Global Positioning System,16gravity,8,18,

12、20Hubble Space Telescope,17,20International Space Station,19,20low-Earth orbit,810,17,20,21meteorologists,15military,or spy,satellites,1214Mir,19Moon,4,16,18NASA,9,21orbit(s),4,5,811,15,1720orbiting,8,19payload,6polar orbit,10research,19,20,22sensors,7,17solar energy,6Sputnik I and II,18Strategic De

13、fense Initiative(SDI/STAR WARS),13uplinking,7weather,15weather satellite,15Explore MoreOn the Internet,use to find out more about the topics presented in this book.Use terms from the text,or try searching for glossary or index words.Some searches to try:satellites,Global Positioning System,or Hubble

14、 Space Telescope.Satelliteswww.readinga-SatellitesLevel Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Lori PolydorosIllustrations by Craig FrederickAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover:courtesy of NASA/JHU APL;back cover,title p

15、age:courtesy of NASA;page 3:courtesy of NASA/Kepler Mission/Wendy Stenzel;pages 4,5(Earth,satellite),10(Earth,satellite),16(satellite),24(satellite):ArtToday;pages 5(Mars,Jupiter,Saturn),16:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 5(Io):courtesy of NASA/JPL/University of Arizona;page 5(Callisto):courtesy of N

16、ASA/JPL/DLR;page 6:courtesy of NASA/WMAP Science Team;page 7:courtesy of NASA/JPL/Deep Space Network;page 8:courtesy of ESA-GOCE High Level Processing Facility;page 9:courtesy of NASA/JSC/Orbital Debris Program Office;page 11:Jakob Kamender/123RF;page 12:courtesy of Robert Simmon/NASA/Earth Observat

17、ory;page 13:courtesy of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS,and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team;page 14:courtesy of NASA/MODIS Rapid Response Team;page 15:courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/SSD;page 17:courtesy of Space Telescope Science Institute/NASA;page 18:Detlev Van Ravenswaay/SPL/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page 19:cou

18、rtesy of STS-130 Crew,NASA;page 20:courtesy of Space Telescope Science Institute/NASA;page 22:Sergei Chirikov/epa/Corbis;page 24:Andrey Prokhorov/iSFront cover:The STEREO mission studies Sun-Earth relationships,severe solar eruptions,and helps weather-detection satellites.Back cover:The Mir Russian

19、space station docked with the space shuttle Atlantis in 1995.Title page:Environmental satellite GOES is designed to help with severe storm warnings and global resource management.Written by Lori PolydorosSatellites Level Z2324Glossaryartificial human-made objects that orbit other satellites(n.)objec

20、ts in space(p.4)astronomical research satellites to monitor waves satellites(n.)and particles in deep space(p.16)bus(n.)the body of a satellite;contains basic functions and equipment(p.6)communication satellites that pick up sound,picture,satellites(n.)and telephone signals(p.11)environmental satell

21、ites that monitor how the Earth is satellites(n.)changing(p.12)GPS(n.)Global Positioning System,uses radio signals from satellites to pinpoint locations(p.16)gravity(n.)the Earths force that pulls everything to its center(p.8)low-Earth an orbit close to the Earth,200500 miles orbit(n.)(321804 km)hig

22、h(p.8)meteorologists scientists that study the Earths (n.)atmosphere,climate,and weather(p.15)navigational satellites that help ships and planes satellites(n.)know where they are(p.16)orbits(n.)the paths of objects around others(p.4)payload(n.)part of a satellite that carries tools(p.6)polar orbit(n

23、.)orbiting the North and South poles (p.10)reconnaissance satellites that gather information satellites(n.)about other countries(p.12)weather satellites that monitor weather (p.15)satellites(n.)Indexartificial satellites,46,8,18bus,6Columbia space shuttle,21communication satellites,11,14downlinking,

24、7Earth observational satellites,12Earth Station,7elliptical orbit,10,18environmental satellites,12Global Positioning System,16gravity,8,18,20Hubble Space Telescope,17,20International Space Station,19,20low-Earth orbit,810,17,20,21meteorologists,15military,or spy,satellites,1214Mir,19Moon,4,16,18NASA

25、,9,21orbit(s),4,5,811,15,1720orbiting,8,19payload,6polar orbit,10research,19,20,22sensors,7,17solar energy,6Sputnik I and II,18Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI/STAR WARS),13uplinking,7weather,15weather satellite,15Explore MoreOn the Internet,use to find out more about the topics presented in this bo

26、ok.Use terms from the text,or try searching for glossary or index words.Some searches to try:satellites,Global Positioning System,or Hubble Space Telescope.Satellites Level Z2122Satellite RescueAfter the Columbia space shuttle was launched in 1981,satellite rescue missions became easier.Technology o

27、n board the shuttles improved the chances of success.Manned Maneuvering Units,which looked like legless chairs strapped to an astronauts back,allowed astronauts to move freely outside the spacecraft without being tied to the shuttle.Robotic arms could snag satellites and retrieve them for use in dif

28、ferent orbits.Since the U.S.Shuttle program shut down in 2011,NASA has tested and researched new techniques and equipment to ensure that there are other options for repairing satellites in orbit.Satellite FuneralsSpace is a busy place,especially with space junk and thousands of aging satellites in l

29、ow-Earth orbit.Currently there is no international law that says old satellites must be removed from their orbit.Objects in orbit above 500 miles(804 km)can stay there for thousands of years!Over time,satellites in some orbits get pulled back into Earths atmosphere where they most often burn up befo

30、re reaching the ground.NASA and other agencies are working with innovative ideas to get rid of aging satellite traffic in space.ConclusionSatellites are clearly here to stay.Continually evolving satellite technology will continue to change our lives even more in the future.One recent development is

31、Internet Routing In Space(IRIS),which allows for more instant transfer of voice,video,and data communication to remote areas.Researchers have recently developed satellite-imaging programs that let farmers track herd animals or monitor water supplies and irrigation levels.Improving satellite technolo

32、gy adds greatly to scientific knowledge.Satellites make it possible for us to communicate information quickly to people all over the world.Satellite images help us to come up with better ways to protect our planet.Research satellites will continue to probe our galaxy,helping us unravel the mysteries

33、 of the universe.The space race began with the launch of Russias basketball-sized Sputnik I(right)and Sputnik II(left)in 1957.Satellites Level Z34Table of ContentsSatellites 101.4Satellite Anatomy .6Outstanding Orbits.8Satellites Work.11First Satellites.18The International Space Station .19Satellite

34、 Rescue .21Satellite Funerals.21Conclusion .22Glossary .23Index .24Satellites 101A satellite is any object in space that orbits,or revolves around,another object.There are two kindsnatural and artificial satellites.The Moon is a natural satellite that revolves around Earth.All of the planets in our

35、Solar System are natural satellites of the Sun.Artificial satellites are made by humans.The eight planets of our solar system are satellites that orbit the Sun.MercuryEarthJupiterUranusSunVenusMarsSaturnNeptuneOur Solar SystemSatellites Level Z34Table of ContentsSatellites 101.4Satellite Anatomy .6O

36、utstanding Orbits.8Satellites Work.11First Satellites.18The International Space Station .19Satellite Rescue .21Satellite Funerals.21Conclusion .22Glossary .23Index .24Satellites 101A satellite is any object in space that orbits,or revolves around,another object.There are two kindsnatural and artific

37、ial satellites.The Moon is a natural satellite that revolves around Earth.All of the planets in our Solar System are natural satellites of the Sun.Artificial satellites are made by humans.The eight planets of our solar system are satellites that orbit the Sun.MercuryEarthJupiterUranusSunVenusMarsSat

38、urnNeptuneOur Solar SystemSatellites Level Z2122Satellite RescueAfter the Columbia space shuttle was launched in 1981,satellite rescue missions became easier.Technology on board the shuttles improved the chances of success.Manned Maneuvering Units,which looked like legless chairs strapped to an astr

39、onauts back,allowed astronauts to move freely outside the spacecraft without being tied to the shuttle.Robotic arms could snag satellites and retrieve them for use in different orbits.Since the U.S.Shuttle program shut down in 2011,NASA has tested and researched new techniques and equipment to ensur

40、e that there are other options for repairing satellites in orbit.Satellite FuneralsSpace is a busy place,especially with space junk and thousands of aging satellites in low-Earth orbit.Currently there is no international law that says old satellites must be removed from their orbit.Objects in orbit

41、above 500 miles(804 km)can stay there for thousands of years!Over time,satellites in some orbits get pulled back into Earths atmosphere where they most often burn up before reaching the ground.NASA and other agencies are working with innovative ideas to get rid of aging satellite traffic in space.Co

42、nclusionSatellites are clearly here to stay.Continually evolving satellite technology will continue to change our lives even more in the future.One recent development is Internet Routing In Space(IRIS),which allows for more instant transfer of voice,video,and data communication to remote areas.Resea

43、rchers have recently developed satellite-imaging programs that let farmers track herd animals or monitor water supplies and irrigation levels.Improving satellite technology adds greatly to scientific knowledge.Satellites make it possible for us to communicate information quickly to people all over t

44、he world.Satellite images help us to come up with better ways to protect our planet.Research satellites will continue to probe our galaxy,helping us unravel the mysteries of the universe.The space race began with the launch of Russias basketball-sized Sputnik I(right)and Sputnik II(left)in 1957.Sate

45、llites Level Z1920The International Space StationSpace stations allow astronauts to live and work while orbiting Earth for extended periods of time.In 2000,the first crew boarded the International Space Station,or ISS.Then,it was the newest and largest thing in space.Before the ISS,the Russian space

46、 station,Mir,was the largest and most famous space station ever built.This 130-ton station stayed in space for 15 years.Mirs final size was about 98 feet long and 45 feet wide and had six components.By 2010,the ISS had grown to be about four times larger than Mir,with a living and work space equal t

47、o a 747 jumbo-jet.The ISS has almost an acre of solar panels to power it!ISS travels in low-Earth orbit about 250 miles(402 km)up,which allows people and equipment to be ferried back and forth with launch vehicles,such as Russias Soyuz rocket or the U.S.space shuttle.The ISS can make excellent Earth

48、 observations because it covers 85 percent of the globe at this orbit.The ISS has the most state-of-the-art laboratory in orbit.Scientists hope to make many discoveries that will help people all over the world.Some of the research will include:testing the effects of long-term low gravity on humans,s

49、paceflight-induced bone loss,and long-term observing of Earths environment.Space Partners The International Space Station is a joint effort of 16 countries:the United States,Canada,Japan,Russia,11 countries from ESA,the European Space Agency,and Brazil.Each international partner contributes importan

50、t elements,such as the highly maneuverable robotic arm built by Canada.The Hubble Space Telescope is adjusted in orbit by astronauts in the space shuttle.Satellites Level Z56Artificial satellites are high-tech tools that orbit Earth.They are like space robots that do many jobs people cant.Even thoug