原版英语RAZ 教案Russia_DS.pdf

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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.RussiaA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,449WritingList at least five Russian holidays.Choose one holiday and write a report about it using information from the book and outside resources.Social StudiesFind out more about Russias ec

2、onomic systems:communism and a market economy.Make a chart with two columns to organize the information about the systems.Then,discuss the pros and cons of each system with a partner.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Dionne Soares PalmerLEVELED BOOK YLEVELED BOOK YRussiawww.readinga-How do Russias

3、culture and history make it a one-of-a-kind country?Focus QuestionWritten by Dionne Soares PalmerRussia16Glossarycommunist(adj.)of,relating to,or in support of a political system in which the government controls the economy and individuals are not allowed to own property(p.10)composers(n.)people who

4、 write music(p.7)culture(n.)the ideas and customs of a certain group of people(p.14)czarinas(n.)female Russian rulers before the Russian Revolution in 1917;women married to czars(p.10)czars(n.)male Russian rulers before the Russian Revolution in 1917(p.10)ecosystems(n.)communities of living things t

5、ogether with their habitat(p.9)market economy(n.)an economy in which the price and production of goods are determined by supply and demand rather than by government control(p.11)monarchy(n.)a government ruled by a single,nonelected person,such as a king or queen(p.10)Muslim(adj.)of or relating to pe

6、ople who follow the religion of Islam(p.12)natural resources(n.)anything found in nature that is valuable to humans or can be used to make a product,such as minerals and forests(p.6)parliament(n.)a group of government officials who can make and change a nations laws(p.11)plateaus(n.)large raised are

7、as of flat land(p.8)16RussiaCountries Around the World Level Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Dionne Soares PalmerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:St.Basils Cathedral in MoscowTitle page:A wintry landscape in SiberiaPage 3:A friendly snowball fight in St.PetersburgPhoto Credits:Front

8、 cover:Afonskaya/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:Yury Taranik/123RF;page 3:Dmitri Lovetsky/AP Images;page 5:Wastesoul/D;page 6(left):Mikhail Grushin/123RF;page 6(right):Mertsaloff/iStock/Thinkstock;page 7(top):Andrew Caballero-Reynolds/Bloomberg/Getty Images;page 7(bottom):Ivan Sinayko/D;page 9:vicnt/i

9、Stock/Thinkstock;page 10(top):Sovfoto/Universal Images Group/REX/Shutterstock;page 10(bottom):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX/Shutterstock;page 11(top):liorpt/iStock/Thinkstock;page 11(bottom):Margaret Bourke-White/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images;page 12:Kommersant Phot

10、o/Kommersant/Getty Images;page 13:alexvav/iStock/Thinkstock;page 14:Trifonov_Evgeniy/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(top):lculig/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom):dmitrydesigner/123RFcommunist composerscultureczarinas czarsecosystemsmarket economymonarchyMuslimnatural resourcesparliamentplateausWords to K

11、nowCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15Source:CIA World Factbook(2016)RussiaRussiaRussia Level YPopulation:142,423,773Land:16,377,742 sq km(6,323,500 sq.mi.)Capital City:MoscowPrimary Language:RussianPrimary Religions:Russian Orthodox and MuslimName of Currency:ruble153Russia

12、Level YTable of ContentsWhere Is It?.4People .6Land .8History .10 Celebrations .12Food .13Conclusion .14Glossary .1614Conclusion Russia is home to different landscapes and ways of life,from the bustling city of Moscow to huge wild forests,from coal mining to ballet dancing.The countrys many natural

13、resources provide the basis for many jobs in the Russian economy.It has had a long and often difficult history,going from a monarchy to a communist state to a free market economy in about a century.Throughout these changes,Russians continue to enjoy their traditional celebrations and foods,and Russi

14、an culture continues to grow in its beautiful,wintry homeland.Modern skyscrapers glow at night in Moscow.4RussiaRussiaARCTIC OCEANRUSSIACHINAMONGOLIAKAZAKHSTANESTONIALATVIABELARUSUKRAINEMoscowHBERING SEASEA OF OKHOTSKSEA OF JAPANASIAEUROPEWhere Is It?Russia is a huge country that stretches all the w

15、ay from Eastern Europe to East Asia,encompassing eleven time zones and 16,377,742 square kilometers(6,323,500 sq.mi.)of land.Twice the size of the United States,Russia is the largest country in the world.Seas and oceans surround Russia on two sides.The Arctic Ocean lies to the north and three seas a

16、re to the east.In Europe,Russia shares borders with Finland,Ukraine,and Kazakhstan among others.Its Asian neighbors include Mongolia,China,and Japan.Separated by the Bering Strait,Russias far eastern tip is only 88.5 kilometers(55 mi.)from the west coast of the state of Alaska in the United States.1

17、3Russia Level YFood A soup called borscht,made with beets,cabbage,and other root vegetables such as onions and carrots,is popular in Russia and famous around the world.The beets give the soup a distinctive red color.Some Russians make a traditional drink called kvass at home.People make kvass by soa

18、king stale bread in water with yeast and sometimes other ingredients such as raisins or mint.Then they let the mixture sit for a few days.The finished product has a tangy,sour flavor.Some people use kvass to make a traditional soup called okroshka,which has cucumbers,meat such as sausages and salami

19、,and boiled eggs as ingredients.People serve okroshka cold and eat it in summer.Before the twentieth century,people in Russia kept most foods from spoiling by salting,pickling,or drying them to last through the long,cold winters.Today,some of these techniques are still used to honor tradition.Across

20、 Russia,and particularly in major cities such as Moscow and St.Petersburg,restaurants offer different types of food from around the world.Borscht can be served hot or cold.5Russia Level YThe capital of Russia is Moscow,a large city not far from the countrys western border.More than twelve million pe

21、ople live there.One of the most famous places in Moscow is the Kremlin.The Kremlin was once used as a castle or fort.Today,this structure in Moscow is a group of buildings including palaces,cathedrals,and government offices.The Kremlin is the center of government for Russia and is the official resid

22、ence of the Russian president.It is bordered at one end by a famous plaza called Red Square.Together,the Kremlin and Red Square are important not only to the people of Russia,but to the world.They will always be protected and restored.St.Basils Cathedral,built in the sixteenth century,is one of the

23、most famous sights in Russia.12Celebrations Although Russia does not have a single official religion,the Russian Orthodox Church is its main religious institution.Therefore,many Russians celebrate Christmas,although in the Russian Orthodox Church the date falls on January 7 rather than December 25.E

24、aster is another major holiday in Russia.Celebrating Easter usually involves preparing and sharing baked goods and painting hard-boiled eggs.Russia also has a large Muslim population.During the holy month of Ramadan,Muslim people eat only after sunset.Other Russian holidays include Independence Day

25、on June 12 and Victory Day on May 9.Victory Day celebrates the end of World War II.There is also an ancient holiday celebrating the end of winter,called Maslenitsa(MOSS-leen-yit-sah),and it involves eating a meal starring pancakes called blinis(BLEE-nees)that stand for the Sun.People usually serve b

26、linis topped with butter,and sometimes they use caviar,berries,or sour cream.People celebrate with outdoor activities like sleigh rides and snowball fights and,in some communities,there are dancing bears as entertainment.A woman makes blinis at a Maslenitsa celebration.6People Although Russia is ver

27、y large,it ranks tenth in the world in terms of population.Around 142 million people(less than half the population of the United States)live there.About three-fourths of the population live in cities.People in Russia speak about one hundred different languages in communities across the country,but m

28、ost people speak Russian.Written Russian uses the Cyrillic alphabet,which is a modified form of the Greek alphabet.Many people work in one of the major industries in Russia related to the lands natural resources.Russia has about one fourth of our planets forests and,as a result,Russia is one of the

29、biggest producers of lumber in the world.With oceans on two of its borders,Russia also has a booming fishing industry,and people from around the world eat fish caught off of Russias coasts.The Cyrillic AlphabetThe Cyrillic AlphabetThe Cyrillic alphabet has thirty-three letters,seven more than the al

30、phabet used in English.11Russia Level YThe flag of the USSRRussia took control of the countries in the USSR,including Ukraine and the countries now called Belarus,Georgia,Azerbaijan(a-zur-by-ZHAHN),and Armenia,among others.Moscow was the USSRs capital city.However,the USSR was troubled with economic

31、 and political problems that left many people in poverty.The USSR officially broke up on December 31,1991,and after that Russia was no longer a communist country.Today,Russia has more of a market economy.This means that businesses compete with one another rather than being controlled by the governme

32、nt.Since around the time of the fall of the USSR,Russia has been ruled by elected presidents and a parliament.Poor women share a bowl of soup in the Soviet Union in the 1930s.7Russia Level YThe Moscow Ballet performs Swan Lake.Fishermen haul a net of salmon in Russia.Resources also include huge amou

33、nts of coal,oil,and natural gas.Russia is among the top three producers of the worlds oil and natural gas.Sports such as soccer and ice hockey are popular in Russia,and there are many outdoor activities to do in summer and winter months,such as swimming,tennis,volleyball,snowmobiling,ice fishing,sle

34、dding,and visiting hot springs.Russia has produced many of the best chess players in the world.The arts in Russia flourish.Many famous authors,poets,and composers of classical music have been of Russian birth.Russia is also a world leader in ballet.Perhaps one of the most famous ballets in the world

35、,Swan Lake,was written by the composer Tchaikovsky(chy-KAWF-skee),one of many legendary Russian composers.10History Russia has a long history,but it did not have much power in Europe until the reign of Peter the Great(Peter I,16821725).Peter improved Russias military and economy,which modernized Rus

36、sia and elevated it to the level of other European powers.In the eighteenth century,Russia gained important territories under Catherine the Great(Catherine II,17621796).Under Catherines leadership,Russia took control of parts of Poland and Turkey.For hundreds of years,czars and czarinas ruled Russia

37、.In 1917,after years of unrest,a revolution completely changed Russian politics.The revolution brought the end of the Russian monarchy and led to the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)in 1922.The USSR was the first country to be ruled by a communist government.The goal of com

38、munism is to lessen inequality among the people by having the government own the land,housing,and companies,and share wealth equally among citizens.Catherine the GreatPeter the Great8Russias LandformsRussias LandformsRussian PlainWest Siberian PlainCentral Siberian PlateauKulunda SteppeKamchatka Pen

39、insulaARCTIC OCEANBERING SEAUral MountainsSEA OF OKHOTSKSEA OF JAPANMoscowHOymyakonSt.PetersburgSayanMountainsLAKE BAIKALLand The landscape changes across Russias expansive territory.The main geographical features are plains,plateaus,and mountains.The West Siberian Plain covers more than 2.6 million

40、 square kilometers(1 million sq.mi.)of territory in central Russia.Much of Russian territory is covered with mountains,most notably the Ural Mountains in the west and several mountain ranges in the south and east,including the Sayan Mountains.Rivers and lakes abound in Russia as well,including Lake

41、Baikal,which is 1,620 meters (5,315 ft.)deepthe deepest lake in the world.9Russia Level YRussia is also home to different ecosystems.Flat,always frozen land called tundra covers the northern areas and makes up about one-tenth of Russias total territory.The taiga,evergreen forests of spruce and pine,

42、are located south of the tundra.These are the vast forests that support Russias huge lumber industry.Forests composed of trees such as oak,maple,and birch grow in warmer areas.The southern areas of Russia are home to expansive grasslands called the steppe.The Russian climate can best be described as

43、 very cold.The southernmost Russian areas are located at least as far north as Seattle,Washington,and most of the rest of the country is even farther north.The small village of Oymyakon in Siberia is the coldest permanent settlement in the world,with a record low temperature of 71C(96F).Some areas of Russia have only two to three months without frost each year.However,many areas of Russia also have lovely summers.Russian taiga