考点04 名词、数词的基本用法-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（上海专用）（原卷版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx

《考点04 名词、数词的基本用法-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（上海专用）（原卷版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考点04 名词、数词的基本用法-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（上海专用）（原卷版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、考点04名词、数词的基本用法区命题趋势名词是指人、地点、事物、行为、 品质、抽象概念、感情等的名称的词。名 词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词表示具体的人、事物、地点或机 构的专有名称（如：Beijing, China, Jack）。普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名 称。普通名词又可分为个体名词（表示单个的人或事物，如：astronaut, building 等） 集体名词（表示一群人或一些事物的总称，如：family, group等）、物质名 词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如：water, rice等）和抽象名词（表示抽象概念的词, 如：health, education等）。一般地说

2、，个体名词和集体名词是可数的，称为可数 名词，有单、复数之分；物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，称为不可数名词，通 常只有单数，但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数。数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语 宾语、表语 定语、同 位语等。方知识导图6. （2020上海静安二模）Villagers in the mountain area used to raise many on the farmto make a living.A. bearB. horseC. chickenD. sheep7. （2022上海奉贤九年级期中）Therere fivebooks

3、 on my shelf.A. hundredsB. hundreds of C. hundredD. hundred of8. （2022上海模）Chinese people have been using the skill of printing for over two years.A. thousandB. thousandsC. thousand ofD. thousands of9. （2021上海黄浦九年级期中）Aboutstudents in our school have passed the P.E. test.A. three hundredB. hundreds of

4、C. several hundredsD. three hundred of10. （2020上海青浦二模）After the earthquake,medical workers were sent to the disaster area.A. thousandsB. thousandC. thousands of D. thousand of11. （2022上海九年级单元测试）一What should we do now, Mr Clark?Please turn to Page and look at the picture.A. Twelfth; fifth B. Twelve;

5、fifth C. Twelve; five D. Twelfth; five12. （2022上海九年级单元测试）一We have sixty students in our class.of them are boys. How many girls are there?一Forty.A. One thirdB. Two thirdsC. A quarterD. A half13. （2022上海九年级单元测试）I saw mothers talking under that big tree about tenminutes ago.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy9s a

6、nd Lily C. Lucy and Lilys D. Lucys and Lilys 14. （2021 上海长宁.模）For the time being we can collect much either from books oron the Internet.A. ideaB. methodC. information D. suggestion15. （2021 上海徐汇二模）Tim and his friends are planning to visit a friend of inBeijing this summer.A. theyB. theirC. themselv

7、es D. theirs16. （2021 上海松江一模）Now a large number of people helping clear the snow in thestreet.A. isB. areC. wasD. were17. （2021 上海松江九年级期中）They got much important for their survey from thosenew books.A. ideasB. photosC. information D. stories18. （2020上海静安一模）Dont be afraid to ask for some about orderi

8、ng the meal.A. suggestionB. methodC. opinionD. advice19. （2020上海宝山一模）Mary chatted with a friend of on WeChat for a long time lastnight.A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself20. （2020上海宝ill-一模）The policeman gave us much on how to protect ourselveswhen we are in danger.A. exampleB. tipC. noteD. advice在模拟检测21.

9、（2020上海闵彳亍模）I think one effective for me to improve my memory is to haveenough sleep.A. information B. adviceC. methodD. conclusion22. （2020上海徐汇九年级期末）With great efforts and a strong will, the teenager has made a lot of.A. progressB. achievement C. complaintD. friend23. （2020上海虹口一模）The police are wor

10、ried about the of the boy who has beenmissing for 3 days.A. saveB. safeC. safelyD. safety24. （2022上海九年级期中）The number of the cars in our neighbourhood about eightA. is; hundred B. are; hundred C. is; hundreds D. are; hundreds25. （2022上海徐汇二模）The topic Food Safety receives Internet hits （点击）fromcustome

11、rs every day.A. thousandsB. thousandC. thousand of D. thousands of26. （2022上海模拟预测）一Dad, Could you tell me?Well, its large and full of water. It covers about of the earth.A. how the sea is; one thirdB. what the sea is like; three quartersC. hows the sea; three-fourthD. what the sea is like; three qua

12、rter27. （2022上海模拟预测）The children will have to wait three weeks for the result ofthe competition.A. otherB. the otherC. othersD. another28. （2022上海模拟预测）It took the ancient Chinese people several years to finishbuilding the Great Wall.A. hundredB. hundredsC. hundreds of D. three hundred29. （2022上海静安一模

13、）My neighbour Granny Wang had a lovely granddaughter in herA. fiftyB. fiftiesC. fiftiethD. fiftieths30. （2021 上海浦东新九年级期中） graduates will attend the 100th anniversary celebration of the university next month.A. HundredB. HundredsC. Hundred of D. Hundreds of31. （2021 上海模拟预测）It took me to do my homewor

14、k yesterday.A , an hour and halfB. one and half hoursC one and a half hourD. one and a half hours32. （2021 上海模拟预测）It is said that there are more than languages spoken inNigeria.A. two hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundred of 33. （2021 上海模拟预测）people had to stay at Xian Railway Sta

15、tion because of the heavy snow two months ago.A. ThousandB. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of34. （2020上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中）Mr Lihis students to write2 articles before the monthly test.A. made, the other B. required, other C. made, another D. required, another 35 .（2020上海虹 口 二模）Grandpa received a

16、 mobile phone from Auntie Liu on his birthday.A. sixtyB. sixtiethC. sixtiesD. sixtieths36. （2020上海静安九年级期末）Online lectures like Chinese paper arts attract peoplefrom abroad every day.A.millionB. millionsC. million ofD.millionsof37. （2020上海杨浦一模）The first computers the 1940s were bigger than cars.A.inB

17、. onC. atD.since38. （2020上海宝 ill 一模）Look, the building over there is the landmark of our city. It is high.A. fifty - five metre B. fifty - five metres C. fifty - five - metre D. fifty five metres 39. （2020上海九年级期中）In 2010,people from all over the world came to Shanghai to see the World Expo.A. ten mi

18、llion of B. ten millions C. million ofD. millions of40. （2020上海市莘光学校九年级期中）Aboutthe clients are old people.A. hundreds ofB two hundred ofC. two hundredD. two hundreds存真题过关41. .（2022上海九年级单元测试）Its reported thatbirds fly to Hanfeng Lake in springevery year.A. millionB. millionsC. millions ofD. million o

19、f42. （2022上海九年级单元测试）Aplayer named Li Jianrou from China won Chinasfirst gold medal in 2014 Winter Olympics.A. 27-years-oldB. 27-year-oldC. 27 year oldD. 27 years old43. （2022上海九年级单元测试）Kunming has grown about bigger than it was 100years ago.A. five timeB. five timesC. fifth timeD. fifth times44. （202

20、2上海九年级单元测试）Tonys mom looks young and beautiful. It5s hard to imagine she is already in herA. fiftiesB. fiftyC. fiftiethsD. fiftieth45. （2022上海九年级单元测试）Both red and black represent. But I prefer to wear red when I feel tired.A. peaceB. peacefulC. powerD. powerful46. （2022上海九年级期末）The hospital is from h

21、ere.A. forty minutess walkB. forty minutes walk C. forty minutes walkD forty minutes walk47. （2022上海九年级单元测试）一The landing of Chinas rover（登陆车）Zhurong on Mars is a landmark of Chinas space industry.Yes.great progress China has made in its space exploration.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a48. （2022上海九年级单

22、元测试）一Mum, Im hungry. May I have some?Of course. But dont eat too much.A. breadB. noodleC. appleD. tea49. （2022上海九年级单元测试）Mr.Wang gave me several useful on how to learnbetter.A. adviseB. advicesC. suggestD. suggestions50. （2022上海九年级单元测试）The lady red is mother.A. with; Lily and LucysB. on; Lilys and Lu

23、cysC. in; Lily and Lucy5sD. in; Lilys and Lucys51. （2022上海九年级单元测试）The opening of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic was a great and Bing Dwen Dwen attracted all of us.A. succeed; success B. success; successfullyC. succeed; successfullyD. successful; success52. （2022上海九年级单元测试）一Miss Yang, do you think I

24、can realize my dream?一Sure. Youll always have the to be successful if you keep working on it.A. chanceB. resultC. needD. action53. （2022上海模拟预测）The government has made some in environmentprotection.A. mistakeB. decisionC. changeD. progress54. （2021 上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中）It is said that radio, television

25、and press are of conveying （传送）information.A. the most three common waysB. the most common three waysC. the three most common waysD. three the most common ways55. （2020上海松江二模）The old lady saved many from dying of hunger in the 1950s.A. monkeyB. elephantC. childrenD. butterfly56. （2020上海静安二模）Kate pla

26、ns to work for the community with some classmates of this summer.A. sheB. herC. herselfD. hers57. （2022上海模拟预测）Nowadays,people like HUAWEI phones better, and about of them are adults.A a number of; four fifthsB. a number of; four fifthC. the number of; four fifthD. the number of; four fifths58. （2022

27、上海九年级单元测试）It is reported that of the doctors sent to Wuhanpost-90s. They made their own efforts to win the virus battle.A. two fifth; is B. two fifth; are C. two fifths; are D. two fifths; is 59. （2022上海年级单元测J试）About fans are waiting here. They want to see thegreat singer.A. two thousand of B. a few

28、 thousand C. several thousands D. two thousands 60. （2022上海九年级期中）We follow that car has left in the grass.A markB. markingC - the marksD. to mark可数名词可数名词与不可数名词定义一可以用数目来计算的名词，有单复数区分 .用法一单数常与不定冠词a/an连用胃况加 sbook-books; room-rooms一以-s -x -sh -chin,力口esbus-buses; box-boxes; brush-brushes规则变化一辅音字母力Dy结尾，变y

29、为iMes city-cities; party-parties以字母。结尾部分加es hero-heroes; potato-potatoes; tomato-tomatoes可数名词单数变复数-L定义-以f/fe结尾的名词，变f,我为vesknife-knives; wolf-wolves与人相关的名词man-men; woman-women; child-children不期雌一会同腕凭词一Ctoese-Chinese; Japanese-Japanese; sheep-sneep; deer-deeroo-eegoose-geese; tooth-teeth; foot-feet宿粉为

30、个体的物质、材料的S词 一tea; water; air黔甥物的品质、情感、状态、 动作等抽象概_】ve；peace;heakh不可数名词一用法用a/an+蜀司+of+J数名词，表 a piece of paper-two pieces of paper一物质类 bread; milk学科类Chinese; English一分类一运鹉swimming; dancing抽象类love; joyroom可数名词：房间不可数名词：空间既可以作可数名词，也可以做不可数 名词的词chicken可数名词：鸡不可数名词：鸡肉可数名词：橘子orange不可数名词：橘汁仁1-12中期七one. two. thr

31、ee13-19以teen结尾thirteens fourteen, fifteen整十以ty结尾twenty, thirtyJ 整百：基数词+hundredtwo hundred, three hundred几百几基数词+hundred+and . two hundred and twenty-eightr与可数名词连用表示数量five cars, three animalsThe museum is three kilometres away from my home.与可数名词连用表示重量距离、价格-These books are 175 dollars.用法表示编号名词在前，基数词在后R

32、oom 708、Bus No. 101The girl is fourteen.The girl is fourteen years old.表式Three and eight is eleven.1 表小事物的先后N页序，前T物口the Tom is the first boy to arrive at the classroom.化二三五八九first, second, third、 fifth、 eighth, ninth序数词一般变化在结尾加thfourth, seventh, thirteenth整H变y为ie加thtwentieth, seventieth几十几个（立数变成序数词t

33、wenty-first, thirty-ninth序数词前口theThe Yellow River is the second longest river in China.序数词前有物主代词等修饰时，不加theThis is my first car.序数词前加基数词，表示再 又一Can you give me a second chance?在重点考向考向一：名词的基本用法一、名词的概念表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。二、名词的分类名词类另U意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、 地名、机构、团体等的专有名 称Jim, China, Qingdao, the UK,

34、the GreatWall普 通 名 词可 数 名 词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat, country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不 可 数 名 词物质 名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象 名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注：1 .专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母

35、必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2 .有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。3 .有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词。room空间a room 个房间 三、名词的数表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加七或an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表:当名词为：词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后 读/S/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或 元音后读/Z/boys, shaipeners, s

36、ofas, drawers以s, x, ch, sh结尾的 单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母。结尾的单词力口 s或es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的 单词去y变i 加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变V力口es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/dz/; /Oz/mouths, paths; months, deathsA. Is； hairB.

37、Are； hairsC. Does； hairD. Do； hairs【即学即练工 一 yourlong or short?I have short hair.2.可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. manmen, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose一geese, mouse-mice单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,.由man和woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor- men doctors, a w

38、oman teacherwomen teachers注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分，在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数，实际上是单数（其后的谓语动词要用单数）.eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news【即学即练】一Mom, please give me two and three. I want to make dinner.一OK. Here you are.A. tomato; potatoB. tomatoes; pota

39、toesC. tomatos; potatosD. tomatoes; potatos3.不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有 复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，但有其 特殊用法：(1) 同一个词，变成复数形式，意义不同。eg. food食物一foods各种食物，time时间 一times时代,green绿色 greens青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 又艮苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg

40、. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, .【即学即练】If you want to have about it, please call us at 2311980.A. many informationsB. pieces of informations C. more information三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式，一种是在名词后+5另一 种是用of,表示“的”。1 .(1) 一般词的所有格，直接在词尾 +s。eg. Mr. Motts robot, childre

41、ns clothes(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+，eg. teachers9books(3)两人共有的物体，则在第二个名词后+，s;如果分别是两人所有，则在每个名词后面+s。eg. Lucy and Lilys room.(指两人共住一个房间)Mrs Greens and Mrs Browns sons.(指两人各自的儿子)(4)表示某具体场所时，所有格后面的名词可省略eg. the doctor (office) Mr. White9s2 .(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。eg. the wall of the classroom, a picture of the

42、 bedroom,(2)名词的的定语较长时，有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man(3)双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms(4)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加飞来构成所有格。eg. ten minutes9 walk, todays newspaper考向二：数词的基本用法一、数词的概念英语数词表示数目或者顺序，可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺 序。二、基数词1. 1一12 的基数词是独立的单词，即：one, two,

43、three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelveo2. 1319 的基数词以结尾。如：fourteen, seventeen 等，但 13, 15, 18 较特 殊，thirteen, fifteen, eighteen。3. 2090的整十位均以ty结尾。如：sixty, ninety,但20, 30, 40, 50, 80较特殊， twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty。4. 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号如：twenty-eight, ninety-sixo5. 百位和十位（若

44、无十位贝I和个位）之间力口 and,如：one hundred and forty-eight, fourhundred and six。6. hundred (百)，thousand (千)，million (百万)，billion (十亿)等前面即使有具体 的数词，也不能在它们的后面力口 s。如：six hundred, eight million07. 1000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千(thousand), 第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion (十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词，我 们可以用“几十个千(thousand) ”

45、表示几万，“几百个千(thousand) ”表示“几十万”。 2, 510 =two thousand five hundred and ten 84, 296 =eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six 274, 350 =tyvo hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty 【即学即练】一年有365天。There are days in a year.三、序数词序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数 词变为序数词

46、时，有特别之处。1 . one- first, two second, three - third, five - fifth, nice - ninth, twelve twelfth2 .以 ty 结尾的单词， 要先变 y 为 I,在加-eth.例如：thirtythirtieth, fifty-fiftieth3 .以one, two, three等结尾的多位数词， 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如： twenty-one twenty-first, one hundred and one one hundred and first注意：序数词前常用定冠词，有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示“又一 ”的意思。例如：Mr. Brown has a second car.布朗先生另外还有一辆车。He has tried a second time.他又尝试了 一次。【即学即练】The year has four