课时03.数词、介词-2023中考英语四轮总复习（版）（教师版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx

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1、第三课时介词和数词介词是历年中考的必考点，介词的考查主要集中在基本用法和习惯搭配上。常见考点如下：介词辨析介词的固定搭配（“动词+介词“形容词+介词”；“介词+ a/an/the/his/Jim,s +名词”）高频考点突破考点一表示时间的介词l.at多用于具体钟点前，如:at seven,at a quarter to one;也可用于固定搭配中，如:at noon,at nighto2.in表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。如:in the twenty-first century 在21世纪,in autumn在秋天,in the morning在早上

2、;还可用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语 中。3.on主要用在星期几、具体某一天或具体某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。如:on the Mid-Autumn Festival在 中秋节on June 1st在6月1日 4.since,from 和 for介词含义及用法例句A.因为;B.多亏、由于;C.代替;D.根据。由语境可知购买无用的东西，是因为网上的低价，因此 选择A项。3.The British girl blue eyes won first prize in the Chinese Speech Contest.A.byB.onC.inD.with【答案】D【解析】句意:

3、长着蓝色眼睛的那个英国女孩在中文演讲比赛中赢得了一等奖。本题考查介 词辨析。by在旁边;on在上;in在里;with有着,带着。数词数词单独考查较少，常和主谓一致及语篇相结合。基数词序数词分数/百分数倍数高频考点突破基数词考点:拼写：1-12； 13-19（-teen）;整十（-ty）;1 .确数及概数表达：确数:数字 + hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion概数:hundreds of成百上千/ thousands of成千上万 millions of数以百万计/ billions of数以十亿（记忆口诀：有数字无S,有S有of）1.1 n ones +整十

4、复数:某人多少岁左右 Eg: in his twenties在他20岁左右3,复合形容词：数词+连字符+名词单数+形容词Eg： He is an eight-year-old boy. 1I岁的男孩 /1 am eight yeas old.4 .时刻表达：顺读法/逆读法（past过/ to差）5:20/6:555 .年代表达：in the 1980s 20世纪80年代（数字+1中文-1）6 .基数词表顺序：名词+基数词（大写）= the+序数词+名词Eg: Class Two = the second class 二班1 .The number 1,000,000 is written wi

5、th a one and six z.【答案】zeros/zeroes句意:数字1,000,000是由一个1和六个0组成的。根据句意可知设空 处指“零”，且设空处前是six,故zero应为复数。zero变复数时,可以加-s,也可以加-es,故答案 是 zeros/zeroes o2 .The big tree over there is probably one （百）years old.【答案】hundred 本题考查数词。one hundred years old 一百岁。3 .For the past （十五）years, a charity called the Woodland Tr

6、ust has been recording ancient trees in the country.【答案】fifteen根据设空后的years可知,此处用基数词fifteen04 .For a few weeks, there are （million） of little flowers and even butterflies!【答案】millions本题考查数词。millions of意为“数百万的5 .Raquel was born in Mexico, but has been here since she was （十）years old.【答案】ten句意:Raquel出生

7、于墨西哥，但自从她十岁以后，她就一直在这儿。考查数词。ten years old 十岁。6 .“A11 my life Ive been taking photos J he says, and for the past （七）years, Pve spent a lot of time making scrapbooks（剪贝占簿）filled with photos, postcards and tickets.”【答案】seven考查数词。此处表示“在过去的七年间工1.1 ts a good idea for you to exercise for （三十）minutes each ti

8、me, at least three days a week.【答案】thirty句意:对你来说，一周至少锻炼三天，每次锻炼三十分钟是一个好主意。考查数 词。8 .There are 29 days in February every four years, but it usually has t days.【答案】twenty-eight根据前一分句中29 days in February every four years和生活常识可知 答案为 twenty-eighto9 .A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year fbr bei

9、ng one of the oldest full-time employees in Europe-still working （四 十）hours a week.【答案】forty根据汉语提示，可知设空处修饰hours,因此答案为基数词forty。lO.In the 1980s, there were several （千）Chinese sturgeons （鲍鱼）in the Yangtze River.【答案】thousand句意:在二十世纪八十年代，在长江里有几千条中华蝇。根据汉语提示可 知考查数词thousand,设空处前出现several,说明具体数量，因此无须任何变形。序数词

10、考点：拼写：（-th ） 特殊（必记）：first; second; third; fifth; eighth; ninth; twelfth;1 .第几十表达（-ieth ）： twenty- twentieth; thirty- thirtieth; fifty- fiftieth2 .the+序数词；如果有形容词性物主代词/名词所有格，省略the。3 . a/an + 序数词：”又一,再一：a second time4 .分数表达：巧记口诀：子基母序，分子大于1分母加S 2/5: two fifths 特殊表达： 1/2: a half; 1/4: a quarter/ one four

11、th; 3/4: three quarters5 . 4、数： ，点：point Eg: 5.2 five point two6 .百分数：%： percent Eg: 50%: fifty percent7 .加减乘除：plus （加）；minus （减）；multiplied （乘）;divided （除）Eg： Six multiplied by four is/ equals twenty-four.Twenty seven divided by nine is/ equals three.注意：oneflrst （第一）/ once （一次）；two second （第二）/ twi

12、ce （两次）l.The most popular outdoor activity for Americans was gardening while in Japan it only came （第九）.【答案】ninth本题考查序数词。注意“第九”的拼写形式。21m not sure how I feel about that, with my （第十 Jl） birthday coming.【答案】eighteenth此处表示第十八个生日。故答案为eighteentho3 .My mom gave me this computer as my （sixteen） birthday pr

13、esent.【答案】sixteenth 此空填序数词sixteenth修饰名词birthday,指“第16个生日”。4 .（2019 温州,69）She is nineteen, and next year she is going to celebrate her t birthday.【答案】twentieth句意:她今年19岁，明年就要庆祝她的20岁生日了。由句意可知本空填 序数词，故本空填twentieth o5 .December is the t and last month of the year.【答案】twelfth本题考查序数词。通过December和last可知，设空处为

14、序数词。注意“第十 二，的拼写。1.1 ts the boys f birthday today. He will be six years old next year.【答案】fifth句意:今天是男孩五岁的生日。明年他就要六岁了。根据six years old next year 可知男孩今年五岁。设空处修饰单数可数名词birthday,因此要使用序数词。1.5 he was once the （第十五）captain of the Chinese national womens volleyball team.【答案】fifteenth句意:她曾是中国国家女子排球队的第十五任队长。根据汉

15、语提示可知, 设空处为序数词。8 .He got fprize in the singing competition though he is the youngest of all.【答案】first句意:虽然他是所有人中最年轻的，但他在歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖。本题考 查序数词的拼写。此处表示“一等奖”，因此填firsto9 .April is the f month of the year.【答案】fourth句意:四月是一年中的第四个月。本题考查序数词的拼写。根据常识可知, 设空处为four的序数词fourtho考点三分数用法一、分数表示法1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作

16、分子，序数词作分母，分子大于1时，序数 词要用复数形式。如：3/4 three fourths 或 three quarters1/3 one third 或 a third24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3： three and one fourth 或 three and one quarter1/2 a half1/4 one quarter 或 a quarter1- one and a half22.当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。如：1- hours 一个半小时（读作 one and a half hours

17、）22- meters 二又四分之三米（读作 two and three fourths meters）44/5 meter五分之四米5/6 inch六分之五英寸随堂练习一、填空题l.She is nineteen, and next year she is going to celebrate her t birthday.【答案】twentieth句意:她今年19岁，明年就要庆祝她的20岁生日了。由句意可知本空填 序数词形式，故本空填twentietho2 .The director of the library said/We have books here fbr kids aged

18、from four to （十）,and books for older children, like world classics and poems（诗）【答案】ten句意:图书馆主任说:“我们这里有适合四到十岁孩子的书,也有适合较大孩子们 的书，比如世界名著和诗集。”本题考查基数词。3 .December is the t and last month of the year.【答案】twelfth本题考查序数词。通过December和last可知，设空处为序数词。注意“第十 二的拼写。4 . You can find more information about outer space

19、 in the （eight） unit of Smart Science.【答案】eighth句意:你在第八单元智能科学中能找到更多有关外层空间的信息。本题 考查数词。5 .Much to their surprise, on the（第五）day, they found some broken plane pieces.【答案】fifth句意:使他们大为惊讶的是，在第五天,他们发现了一些破碎的飞机碎片。本 题考查数词，根据汉语提示用序数词。6 .Pizza became a favorite dish in Italy, but pizza really became an interna

20、tional dish after the Second World War, when（千）of American soldiers went home from Europe.【答案】thousands句意:比萨饼在意大利成为了一道非常受喜爱的食物，但比萨饼真正成为 一种国际食物是在第二次世界大战后,那时有成千上万的美国士兵从欧洲回家。本题考查数 词。thousands of成千上万的。二、单项选择一Welcome to Los Angeles. Have you ever been here?一Sure. I visited this city three years ago so th

21、is is my time here.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth【答案】B句意:欢迎来到洛杉矶。你曾经来过这里吗?当然了。我三年前就参 观过这座城市，因此这是我第二次来这里了。本题考查序数词。根据答句，三年前来过，因此这 是第二次来，选择B项。一、填空题1 .Ten and ten is twenty. Twenty and twenty is f.【答案】 forty句意:十加十等于二十，二十加二十等于四十。本题考查数词。2 .The rich man gave away m of dollars to the poor areas so that the

22、kids could go back to school.【答案】millions句意:这位富豪给贫困地区捐赠了好几百万美元，为的是孩子们能够重返学 校。3 .A truck crash in Ohio has left （千）of chickens dead.【答案】thousands句意:在俄亥俄州的一起卡车撞车事故使几千只鸡死亡。本题考查数词。4 .We need fstudents to play this game, seven girls and seven boys.【答案】fourteen句意:我们需要十四个学生来玩这个游戏，七个女生和七个男生。本题考 查数词。根据seven

23、girls and seven boys可知共有十四个学生。5.On March 18, my classmates and I hiked （三十）kilometers together.【答案】thirty句意:3月18日,我和我的同学们一起徒步行走了三万米。本题考查数词。6.1 m the fone to take a shower, after Bob, Lucy and the twin brothers.【答案】fifth句意:在Bob、Lucy和双胞胎兄弟之后，我是第五个洗沐浴的。本题考查数 词。根据设空处前的定冠词the可知应用序数词。二、单项选择一Tommys mother

24、gave birth to her baby yesterday.一Its not easy for a family like that. After all, there have been four kids in the family before that.A. fourthB.fifthC.fourD.five【答案】B句意:Tommy的妈妈昨天生了第五个孩子。对一个那样的家庭来说不 容易啊。毕竟家里之前已经有四个孩子了。本题考查序数词。由After all, there have been four kids in the family before that可知，家里有四个孩子

25、，因此昨天生的是第五个孩子。三.语法填空Today our school organized all the students to take part in a report at the 1.(three)meeting room in our school.Albert, 2.ordinary man, delivered a speech on how to learn English.Albert, a professor 3. Beijing University , graduated 4.the English Department of Oxford University i

26、n 1985.He said we should form 5. habit of previewing English, and this would help us to perform well in class.When we study English in class, we must be earnest and active.If so, we can absorb plenty 6. knowledge.After class, we should read more English passages, which is important for the English l

27、earners.7.doing this, we are not only informed what has happened in the world, but we can also review 8. large number of former words.After 9.period of time, we should also sort out our notes and go over what we have learned. 10.a word, English isnt difficult to learn, as long as we do what he told

28、us.【语篇解读】本文主要是讲同学们通过听Albert教授的讲座，学到了一些学习英语的方法。【答案】1. third考查序数词。此处room是单数，所以要用序数词。2. an ordinary是由元音音素开头，故用an。an ordinary man一位普通人3. in/of大学教授用in/of都可以。4. from 介词的习惯搭配graduate from 从毕业”。5. the form the habit of 意为“养成的习惯”。6. of plenty of意为“许多”，与不可数名词/可数名词连用。7. By by此处表方式。8. a固定搭配a large number of意为“许

29、多”，与可数名词复数连用。指从某时一直延续至今，后常接时间点,句子用 He has lived here since 1993.since完成时。从1993年开始他一直住在这里。说明开始时间，可用过去、现在、将来的某种时 From now on,I will learn English every morning, from态。从今以后，每天早晨我将学英语。指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，句子用I have studied English for six years, for完成时。我已经学英语六年了。题组训练 用适当的介词填空Mothers Day is the second Sunda

30、y in May.We usually get to school 7:40 in the morning.(3)Her birthday is winter, the most beautiful season in a year.Uncle Wang has worked in the factory twenty years.一How soon will he come back?一 a month.【答案】6 .“The states summer camp could open JuneBeth Bye,the leader of the Connecticut Office of

31、Early Childhood, said a week ago.【答案】in考查介词。设空处后是月份,因此使用介词in。7 .China*s first Mars rover, Zhurong, touched down on the Red Planet May 15, 2021.A.onB.inC.atD.to【答案】A 本题考查介词的用法。设空处后的“May 15,2021”具体到了某一天,其前应用介词on。故答案为 Ao8 .Ive ordered some flowers for Grandma and they will arrive two hours.A.inB. after

32、C.overD.for【答案】A句意:我已经给奶奶订了一些鲜花了,花在两小时后会到。本题考查介词辨析。in在(某段时间) 之后;after在后;over在.上面;for为，给。设空处所在的分句的时态是一般将来时，“两小时后”在一般将 来时态中为in two hours o因此选择A项。考点二表示方位的介词1 .表示方位的in,on和toinonooin表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围);on表示与某地的毗邻关系;to表示在某一地区之外(不属于该范围)。如:Fujian Province is in the south-east of China.福建省位于中国的东南部。China is to t

33、he west of Japan.中国在日本的西边。2.over,above 和 on 的用法(Dover有“正上方”“越过”“覆盖在上面”之意。There is a bridge over the river.这条河上有一座桥。(2)above指在上方,不一定表示正上方。如：Raise your hands above your head.把你的手举过你的头。(3)on指在上面，表示两物体接触。如：There is a cup on the table.桌子上有一个杯子。图示记忆upaboveoverto/towardsintobeneathunderbelowthrough3.at,in和

34、on的用法 (l)at 与较小的地点连用。$H:at the bus stop,at home(2)in与较大的地点连用o如:in China,in the world(3)on表示在一个平面上。如:onthefarm4.in front of,in the front of 和 before(l)in front of 表示“在的前面”(范围外)。如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。in the front of表示“在的前部”(范围内)。如：Put the shortest flowers in the fro

35、nt of the bunch.把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置。(3)before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同，表示“在前面如:He sits before me.他坐在我前面。5.below,underbelow表示“在下方或位置低于“，不一定有垂直在下之意;under表示“在正下方。如:The coat reaches below the knees.这件外套到 了膝盖下面。He hid under the bed.他藏在床底下。题组训练用适当的介词填空 Li Ming goes to school his fathers car every day.Mr. Green is

36、 writing the blackboard.They held a large umbrella her.一Can a plane fly the Atlantic Ocean?一Yes,but it needs to go the clouds for hours.You must be careful when you swim the lake.【答案】1 .in2.on3.over4.through, across5.across6.Giving concerts wasnt easy for Beth in the beginning because usually she on

37、ly played drums alone in her bedroom when she came home school.【答案】from/after考查介词。come home from school/after school从学校回家/放学后回家。7.Singapore is also an interesting city. Large numbers of people, ideas, etc. are mixed together （在下面）the same sky.【答案】under句意:新加坡也是一座有趣的城市。在同一片天空下大量的人、思想等混合在一起。考查介 词。under

38、 the same sky在同一片天空下。me in the classroom.8.Anna is taller than me. She sitsA.betweenB.fromC.behindD.among【答案】C 本题考查介词。根据Anna is taller than me.可知，她应该是坐在我后面，故选C。考点三介词的固定搭配介词在实际运用中常常和名词、动词、形容词等词类构成固定搭配，这些固定搭配在句子中经常出现。1 .介词与名词的固定搭配on one own 独 自at sea在海上in English用英语in a word总而言之on time准时，按时in a low vo

39、ice 小声地in life 一生中in town在城里in the distance 在远处in time及时on foot步行in public公开地in the middle of在中间in trouble处于困境of course当然（可以）in fact事实上in surprise 惊奇地in a hurry匆忙，急忙in the street 在街上by the way顺便说at the meeting 在会上in the end 最后in space在太空in order有序;整齐on display陈列;展出careful about 小心sure about/of 肯定cer

40、tain about/of 确定in the day在白天at the foot of 在脚下at the table在桌子旁at school在上学on show在展出day by day 一天天，逐日in silence安静地at the back of 在后面in this way用这种方法out of breath上气不接下气at the same time 同时on ones way to 在某人去的路上2 .介词与形容词的固定搭配different from 与不同successful in 在成功interested in 对感兴趣by hand手工;（信件）亲手交付by the

41、 end of到结束时in the air在空气中out of sight消失;看不见on duty值日out of work 失业on the left/right 在左/右边on the other side of 在的另一边to ones surprise40y 使某人吃惊/ 高兴的是similar to 与相似familiar to为所熟悉satisfied with 对满意busy with |亡于friendly to 对友好angry with 生的气strict with sb.对某人要求严格good at擅长good for对有好处surprised at 对吃惊famous

42、/known for 因而出名ready for为做好了准备late for 迟到disappointed in 对失望proud of为感到骄傲tired of 厌倦afraid of 害怕short of 短缺full of充满3 .介词与动词的固定搭配laugh at 嘲笑take part in 参力口think of想出;想起go on with 继续worry about 为担心look after照顾，照料look like看起来像look for 寻找hear from收到的来信listen to 听 arrive in到达（大地方） arrive at至U达（小地方） get

43、 to到达 wait for等候 agree with 同意，赞同 think about 考虑到depend on依靠,依赖;取决于.把系在上pass on传递smile at对微笑believe in 信任belong to 属于look around向四周看write to给写信regard.as.ffi看作catch up with 赶上，追上come from 来自pay for付钱买shout at对叫嚷talk about 谈论play with与玩耍point at 指向point to指出;暗示hear of听说look forward to 盼望do well in在学/做

44、得好fall behind 落后ask for要求，请求take away拿走，带走turn.into.JE变成helpwith帮助做take/catch hold of 抓住decide on 决定take care of 照顾hand in上交have nothing to do with 与无关base on以为根据keep.out of 不让进入leave for离开去（另一个地方）talk to/with 与谈话go in for爱好，对感兴趣look at 看deal with 处理1 .Then one day, while going out a walk, Mr Happy

45、met Miss Beautiful.【答案】for考查介词。go out for a walk出去散步。2 .“Grandpa, someone is waiting you to play chess J I went to him and said.【答案】for句意:我走到他跟前说道:“爷爷，有人在等你下棋工考查介词。wait for等待，为 固定搭配。3 .What we can learn the old man is this:if you*ve lost a lot over something that doesntwork, let it go and move on. I

46、ts better than continuing to lose.【答案】from 句意:我们可以像老人学习的是这个道理:如果你在无效的事情上失去了太多, 那么就放手，继续前行。这比继续失去下去更好。本题考查介词。learn from sb.向某人学习。 4.The instructions tell us everything about how to make the model ship.A.by handB.by chance C.in detailD.in person【答案】C句意:这份说明书向我们详细地讲了如何制作模型船。本题考查介词短语辨析。 A选项意为“手工”;B选项意为“

47、碰巧”;C选项意为“详细地”;D选项意为“亲自，由关键词 everything可知说明很详细，故本题选择Co随堂练习一、填空题1 .What we can learn the old man is this:if youve lost a lot over something that doesnt work, let it go and move on. Its better than continuing to lose.【答案】from 句意:我们可以像老人学习的是这个道理:如果你在无效的事情上失去了太多, 那么就放手，继续前行。这比继续失去下去更好。本题考查介词。2 .The weather here