FY2024人教版新七年级英语暑假课-第09讲 句子的种类 （教师版）.docx

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1、第09讲句子的种类酣衔接导图区分门述布、最问句、祈使句 与双句四种句子类型将肯定句变八对西线部分提问等温故知新句子知识点掌握反意疑问句.力叹句的两 种不同结构及特点了解句子按语法结枸的分类, 学习简单的并列与温故要点例1按要求改写下列句子She is an English girl.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)(2) Mr. Green gets up early every morning.(改为否定句)(3)Pm twelve.(对画线部分提问)(4)Open the door, please.(改为否定句)【答案】(l)-Is she an English girl?-Yes, she

2、 is.(3) Mr. Green doesnt get up early every morning.(4) How old are you?(5) Dont open the door, please.【思路解析】(1)一般疑问句的结构:be动词/助动词+主语+表语/动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+ be动词/助动词.一般现在时的实义动词构成的肯定句变为否定句，当主语是第三人称单数时，要在主语后加上doesn,t,同时 将动词的第三人称单数形式还原.(3)此句对twelve提问，就是问年龄，要用how old提问.同时，主语是第一人称，要改为第二人称.14 .（2021 ,广西百色

3、统考中考真题）-fast China is developing!Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country.A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a【答案】c【详解】句意:中国发展得多快啊！-是的，生活在这么伟大的国家我们非常的幸运.本题考查感叹句.Fast是副 词，符合句型:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！故答案选C.点睛:感叹句型总结：What +a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！15 .（202

4、2甘肃甘南统考中考真题）-does Tina go to the library?-She goes there twice a week.A.How oftenB.How soonC.How far【答案】A【详解】句意:-Tina多久去一次图书馆?-她一周去两次那里.考查特殊疑问句.how often多久一次;how soon多久;how far多远.根据答语“twice a week”可知,是对频率进行 提问，故选A.16 .（2022-内蒙古中考真题）-Have you heard that Mr. Zhang saved his neighbor from a big fire la

5、st night?-Yes.brave the young man is!A.What aB.HowC.WhatD.How a【答案】B【详解】句意:-你听说了吗?张先生昨晚从一场大火中救了他的邻居?-是的，他真是个勇敢的年轻人啊！ 考查感叹句.此句的中心词是brave,是形容词，此处符合“How+adj+主谓”结构,故选B.17 .（2022青海统考中考真题）-is it from your home to school?-Its 8 kilometers.A.How longB.How farC.How often【答案】B【详解】句意:-从你家到学校有多远?-8公里.考查特殊疑问句.Ho

6、w long多长;How far多远;How often多久一次.根据答语“It，s 8 kilometers.可知,对距离进 行提问，故选B.18.（2022青海统考中考真题）-Have you watched the movie named The Battle at Lake Changjin?-Yes, I was moved to tears.!A.What a touching movieB.What touching a movieC.How a touching movie【答案】A【详解】句意:-你看过电影长津湖吗?-看过，我感动得热泪盈眶.多么感人的电影啊！考查感叹句.此处

7、强调的中心词是可数名词单数movie,用“What+a/an+adj+可数名词单数（+主谓）！ ”结构，故选A.19.（2022西藏,统考中考真题）1 dont like noodles and my cousin Amy doesnt like them,.A.tooB.eitherC.alsoD.as well【答案】B【详解】句意:我不喜欢面条，我的表妹艾米也不喜欢.考查副词辨析.too也，用于肯定句句末;either也，用于否定句句末;also也，用于句中;as well也,用于肯定句句末. 此处是否定句，故选B.20.（2022西藏统考中考真题）Dontany noise when

8、you are in the library.A. makesB.makeC.makingD.made【答案】B【详解】句意:当你在图书馆时不要制造任何噪音.考查祈使句.此处是祈使句,使用动词原形，故选B.21 .（2022广西桂林统考中考真题）-Will she come back soon?-Yes,.A.she isB.she willC.she does【答案】B【详解】句意:-她会很快回来吗?-是的,她会.考查一般疑问句.Will she开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes, she w川二故选B.22 .（2022四|统考中考真题）-is it from your home to

9、school, Peter?-Only ten minutes walk.A.How longB.How oftenC.How farD.How soon【答案】C【详解】句意:-Peter,从你家到学校有多远?-只要走十分钟.考查特殊疑问句.How long多久;How often多久一次;How far多远;How soon多久以后.根据答语Only ten minutes，walk”可知对距离进行提问，用how far引导特殊疑问句，故选C.23 .（2022江苏淮安统考中考真题）good book you offered us! It really helps us a lot.A.H

10、owB.How aC.WhatD.What a【答案】D【详解】句意:你给了我们一本多么好的书啊！这对我们帮助很大.考查感叹句.本句强调的中心词是可数名词单数book,用“What a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主谓！”结构，故选D.24 .（2022江苏淮安统考中考真题）-do you visit your grandparents, Simon?-Twice a month.A.How oftenB.How soonC.How longD.How much【答案】A【详解】句意:-西蒙，你多久去看一次你的祖父母?-一个月两次.考查特殊疑问句.How often多长时间一次;How soo

11、n还要多久;How long多长;How much多少.根据Twice a month”可知，对频率副词提问,how often符合句意，故选A.25 .（2022上海统考中考真题）exciting singing contest they had yesterday!A.WhatB.HowC.What anD.How an【答案】c【详解】句意:他们昨天举行了多么令人兴奋的歌唱比赛啊！考查感叹句.本句中心词为contest,是可数名词单数，符合结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓！ ”故 选C.26 .（2022上海统考中考真题）Have a balanced diet an

12、d exercise regularly you will stay healthy.A.andB.orC.butD.for【答案】A【详解】句意：保持均衡的饮食和有规律的运动，你就会保持健康.考查连词.and表并列或递进，和;or否则,或者;but但是;for因为,根据句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”可知，此处用 and表递进关系.故选A.27 .（2022上海统考中考真题）-There is an umbrella in the corner of the classroom.is it?-Perhaps its Marys.A.WhoseB.WhoC.WhenD.Why【答案】A【详

13、解】句意:-教室的角落里有一把伞,它是谁的?-也许是玛丽的.考查特殊疑问句.Whose谁的;Who谁;When什么时候;Why为什么.根据答句“Perhaps ifs Marys”可知,此处在 问物品的归属，故应用特殊疑问词whose.故选A.28 .（2022辽宁鞍山统考中考真题）-China launched（发射）the manned spacecraft Shenzhou-14 successfully on June 5, 2022.-exciting news! We are proud of it.A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an【答案】A【详解】句意一中

14、国于2022年6月5日成功发射了神舟14号载人飞船.-真是令人兴奋的消息！我们为此感 到骄傲.考查感叹句.此处是感叹句,强调的中心词是不可数名词news,用“What+adj+不可数名词！ ”句型，故选A.29 .（2022吉林长春统考中考真题）-Tina, I like your T-shirt.is it?-Its 80 yuan. It is made in China.A.How farB.How longC.How oftenD.How much【答案】D【详解】句意:-Tina,我喜欢你的T恤.它多少钱?-80元.它产自中国.考查特殊疑问句.How far多远;How long多久

15、;How often多久一次;How much多少钱.根据Its 80 yuan”可知, 对价格提问用how much引导特殊疑问句，故选D.30.（2022吉林长春统考中考真题）valuable gift it is! It reminds me of my childhood.A.WhatB.What aC.What anD.How【答案】B【详解】句意:这是多么珍贵的礼物啊！它使我想起了我的童年.考查感叹句.中心词gift是可数名词的单数形式，用what引导的感叹句结构:what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主 谓.valuable是以辅音音素开头的，故选B.(4)句意:请打开门.这是一

16、个表示请求意思的祈使句，变为否定句时，直接在动词前加上dont回顾总结1 .句子的种类英语中的句子，根据它们的使用目的可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句.这四种句子，我们已经学 习了它们的特点和结构,其中，陈述句有肯定陈述句和否定陈述句;疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑 问句和选择疑问句.2 .改写句子的规则首先要掌握各类句子的基本结构，其次要注意人称、时态、数的变化，最后要注意标点符号、大小写等对 应的细节.衔接知新知识清单1 .反意疑问句在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，叫反意疑问句.它有两种基本结构：结构一:肯定陈述句,+否定疑问式问句?回答时和汉语

17、意思一致.如：He plays football every day, doesnt he?他每天都踢足球,对吗？Yes, he does.对，他每天都踢.No, he doesnt.不，他不踢.结构二:否定陈述句,+肯定疑问式问句?回答时和汉语意思不一致.如：Mr. Smith isnt Austrian, is he? Smith 先生不是奥地利人,对吗？Yes, he is.不,他是.No, he isnt.是的，他不是.2 .感叹句英语中的感叹句通常由what和how引导,它们有时可以互换.(1)由what构成的感叹句，一般是强调后面的名词,如：What fresh milk it i

18、s!多么新鲜的牛奶啊!(强调牛奶)(2)由how构成的感叹句，一般是强调后面的形容词或副词.如：How fast he runs!他跑得多快啊！(强调“快”)3 .并列句根据句子的语法结构，可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句.我们以前学过的陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感 叹句一般都是简单句.把两个或两个以上的简单句，用并列连词连接起来而构成的句子叫并列句.并列句中各个简单句之间相 互独立，互不依从，但有联系.连接并列句的并列连词有and（表示并列关系）,but（表示转折关系）,or（表示选择关 系）,so（表示因果关系）.如：I turned on the TV and watched it.我打开电

19、视并观看.过关检测典题精讲例2补全问题,再回答-He didnt go to work yesterday,?-.He looked after his daughter.A. didnt he; Yes, he didntB. didnt he; No, he didC. did he; No, he didntD. did he; Yes, he did【答案】C【思路解析】句意:“他昨天没有去工作，对吗?”“是的,他没去.他在照顾他的女儿这是一个“否定陈述句,+肯 定疑问式问句”的反意疑问句,先排除A、B项;从He looked after his daughter可以推断出“他没有去工

20、作：排 除D项.走出误区“否定陈述句”的反意疑问句的回答，很容易误选，因为yes和no表达的汉语意思和我们已知的习惯意思不 一样.做这类题要注意:只要事实是肯定的，就用yes回答;只要事实是否定的，就用no回答.例3分别改为以what和how引导的感叹句She is a kind girl.答案What a kind girl she is!How kind she is!【思路解析】把陈述句变为感叹句时，可以用这种方法:“一断二加三换位“一断，即在谓语后边断开,使句子 分为两部分.这里即把She is a kind girl断开为She is/a kind girl.“二加，即在第二部分前加

21、上what（强调名词） 或加上how（强调副词或形容词，同时去掉相应的名词）.“三换位”，即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置，句号换感 叹号.即时演练1 .补充下列反意疑问句中的问句部分(1) You studied English last night,?(2)He will visit you tomorrow,?(3) There are twenty boys in our classroom,?(4) Close your books,?(5) Lets go to the zoo together,?【答案】(l)didntyou【解析】前面是studied,句子为一般过去时，后面用否

22、定形式didnt(2) won* the (3) aren*t there(4)will you【解析】祈使句用will you进行反问.(5)shall we【解析】以lets开头的祈使句用shall we进行反问.2.用 How, What(a/an)填空(1)a heavy box!(2)heavy the box is!(3)hard he works!(4)interesting book!(5)much money he has!【答案】(l)What【解析】因为后面有名词box,用what引导.(2)How【解析】强调heavy,虽然句子中也有box,但不是紧跟在引导词后面.Ho

23、w【解析】强调hard.(4)What an【解析】强调book.因为是单数名词,interesting以元音音素开头,前面加an.How【解析】强调much,用how.领先训练强化基础1.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(l)Its an important(重要的)meeting.(not be) late.(2)(turn) off the light when you leave!(3)(not talk) and read aloud.(4)(look) out! A car is coming.(5)(not make) the baby cry.【答案】(l)Dont be (2)

24、Turn (3)Don*t talk (4) Look (5) Don*t make2 .单项选择( )(l)Give me ten minutes I can finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so( )(2)John is late,?A. doesnt heB. isn*t heC. isnt itD. is he()(3)tall building it is!A. HowB. WhatC. What a()(4)-Your uncle isnt an engineer(工程师),is he?-He is a teacher.A. Yes, he isnt.B.

25、 No, he isnt.C. No, he is.D. What anD. Yes, he is.【答案】(1)A【解析】两个句子是承接关系用and连接.(2)B【解析】反意疑问句前面是肯定陈述句,后面用否定疑问句.(3)C【解析】强调building,可数名词单数前加a.GOB【解析】从He is a teacher.可以推断出“他不是工程师”.领先巩固3 ,句型转换(l)What a heavy rain!(写出同义句)the rain is!(2)How interesting the boy is!(写出同义句)interesting boy!(3)There will be a s

26、ports meeting this month,?(完成反意疑问句)(4) You must be careful when you cross the street4改为祈使句)when you cross the street.(5)It is an interesting story.(分别改为以what和how引导的感叹句)【答案】3.(l)How heavy(2)What an(3)won,t thereBe careful(5)What an interesting story it is! How interesting the story is!【解析】运用“一断二加三换位”

27、的方法进行转换.4 .用连词and/but/so/or填空(1) I bought a present for my friend,he liked it very much.(2) He is a basketball fan,his wife is a volleyball fan.(3) Shall we go there by bus by taxi?(4) Jenny is at the meeting,she cant meet you now.【答案】(l)and【解析】句意：我给朋友买了件礼物，他非常喜欢.两个句子是承接关系.(2)but【解析】句意：他是个篮球迷，但是他的妻子

28、是个排球迷.前后表示转折关系.(3)01【解析】句意：我们是乘公共汽车还是乘的士去那儿?。r有“或者、还是”的意思.so【解析】句意：Jenny正在开会,所以她现在无法见你.两个句子是因果关系.培优挑战5 .阅读下面的短文，按要求完成习题John lives in New York. He works in a big bar (酒口巴).He works at night. He comes home at about 6:00 in the morning. He has breakfast at 7:30. After breakfast, he goes to bed and then

29、 he gets up at 2:30 in the afternoon. Then he takes a walk for an hour. He has some meat and rice for lunch at 3:30.In the afternoon, he books or TV. He likes interesting books. And his dinner is at 7:00.Then he goes to work at 8:00. He has some friends there. They can drink and talk in the middle o

30、f night. What does John do? He plays the guitar in the bar. He works hard every night.(l)He has some meat and rice for lunch at 3:30.(对画线部分提问)In the afternoon, he books or TV.(填入适当的动词)(3)He has some friends there.(改为一般疑问句)(4)He works hard every night.(改为感叹句)【答案】(l)What does he have for lunch at 3:30

31、?(2)reads watches【解析】主语是第三人称单数形式,并列谓语都要按第三人称单数形式处理.(3)Does he have any friends there?(4)How hard he works every night!【解析】hard是副词，只能用how引导构成感叹句.中考链接1 .（2022江苏南通统考中考真题）-is the fashion show?-In the school hall. The purpose of it is to raise money for a charity.A.WhereB.WhenC.HowD.Which【答案】A【详解】句意:-时装表

32、演在哪里?-在学校大厅里,其目的是为慈善机构筹集资金.考查特殊疑问句.Where在哪里;When什么时候;How如何;Which哪一个.根据In the school hall.可知,此处是 询问地点.故选A.2 .（2022辽宁锦州统考中考真题）Bing Dwen Dwen is one of the 2022 Winter Olympic mascots（吉祥物）. lovely it is!A.What aB.HowC.What anD.What【答案】B【详解】句意:冰墩墩是2022年冬奥会吉祥物之一.多么可爱啊！考查感叹句.分析句子可知本句是感叹句，且中心词力ovely”是形容词，符

33、合“How+形容词+主谓”结构.故选B.3 .（2022胡南株洲.统考中考真题）lovely Bing Dwendwen is! Everyone wants to have one.A.WhatB.What aC.How【答案】C【详解】句意:冰墩墩多么可爱啊！每个人都想拥有一个.考查感叹句.在感叹句中,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词/副词.本句中中心词“lovely”是形容词，用how修饰，符 合“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”结构.故选C.4 .（2022湖南湘西统考中考真题）During the hard time when Shanghai is fighting against

34、 COVID-19 （新冠病毒）, many people across China send messages on the Internet, Come on, Shanghai!give up!”A.DontB.DoesntC.Do【答案】A【详解】句意:在上海抗击新冠肺炎疫情的艰难时刻，全国各地都有不少网友在网上留言:“加油，上海！不要放 弃！ ”考查祈使句.根据“Come on, Shanghai!”可知鼓励上海不要放弃，用祈使句的否定式“Don，t+动词原形+其他”结 构.故选A.5 .（2022广西柳州中考真题）-Can you play the guitar, Mark?-Ye

35、s, I.A.canB.mustC.will【答案】A【详解】句意一你会弹吉他吗，马克?-是的,我会.考查情态动词.can会;must必须;will将会.can开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes,主语+can”.故选A.6 .（2022江苏徐州统考中考真题）-1 love this T-shirt.does it cost?-50 yuan. Why not try it on?A.How longB.How oftenC.How oldD.How much【答案】D【详解】句意:-我喜欢这件T恤,它要多少钱?-50元.为什么不试穿一下呢？考查特殊疑问句.How long多长时间，对一段时间

36、提问;How often多久一次,对频率提问;How old多大,对年龄 提问;How much多少钱,对价格提问.根据“50”助.”可知，此处是提问价格，用How much.故选D.7 .（2022黑龙江绥化统考中考真题）-do you have a sports meeting?-We have it once a year.A.How longB.How soonC.How often【答案】C【详解】句意:-你们学校多久开一次运动会?-我们一年举办一次.考查特殊疑问句.How long多长时间;How soon多久;How often多久一次;根据答句We have it once a

37、 year;可 知,应该问的是频率,How often符合语境，故选C.8 .（2022福建统考中考真题）-have you been a member of the Helpers9 Club?-For two years.A.How soonB.How longC.How often【答案】B【详解】句意:-你加入助手俱乐部多久了?-两年.考查特殊疑问句.How soon多久，对将来的时间进行提问，回答一般用In加上时间段;How long多长时间，对一 段时间提问;How often多久一次，对频率提问,根据For two years丁可知，是对一段时间提问.故选B.9 .（2022甘肃

38、定西统考中考真题卜 do you exercise?-Every day.A.How longB.WhyC.What timeD.How often【答案】D【详解】句意:-你多久锻炼一次?-每天.考查特殊疑问句.How long多久;Why为什么;What time几点;How often多久一次.根据答语“Every day.”可知, 此处对频率进行提问，故选D.10 .（2021山东济南统考中考真题）-swim in this river. Its quite deep.-Thanks for telling me.A.NoB.NotC.DontD.Doesn,t【答案】C【详解】句意:

39、-不要在这条河里游泳.河很深-感谢告诉我.考查祈使句.祈使句的否定形式可以用No+doing/n.或DorTt+do构成，根据“.swim in the river.可知,本题应用 Dont.故选 C.11 .（2021 .江苏淮安统考中考真题/is singing over there?-My sister. She likes singing.A.HowB.WhoC.WhatD.When【答案】B【详解】句意:-谁在那边唱歌?-我妹妹.她喜欢唱歌.考查特殊疑问句.how怎样;who谁;what什么;when何时,根据答语“My sister”可知，询问谁在那唱歌,故选B.12 .（2021

40、广西梧州统考中考真题）-your hands before dinner, Tony.-No problem, Mom.A.WashB.WashesC.WashingD.To wash【答案】A【详解】句意:-饭前洗手，托尼没问题，妈妈.考查祈使句.分析句子结构可知，此处应该是祈使句结构，句子应以动词原形开头，故选A.13 .（2021江苏宿迁统考中考真题）-do you go to the school library?-Twice a week.A.How longB.How oftenC.How soonD.How much【答案】B【详解】句意:-你多久去一次校图书馆?-一周两次.考查特殊疑问句.How long多长时间;How often多久一次;How soon多久以后;How much多少.根据答语“Twice a week.”可知，此处对频率提问，故用how often引导特殊疑问句.故选B.