【高中英语语法 词性】易混易错词汇总结.docx

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1、【高中英语语法词性】易混易错词汇总结1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复 数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服 装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事件，accident指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可 数名词 a number of students4. family, house, homehome

2、家，包括住处和家人，house房子， 住宅，family 家庭成员.My family is a happyone.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的chair开始开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海 路，by the sea 在海边 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生 又是老师，the doctor

3、 and the teacher 两个人， 一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the officein office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.49. in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理，负责照料，in th

4、e charge of 由照料 He is in charge of the matter.The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class 在课上，in the class 在班级里 He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire 着火,on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of

5、the questionout of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的54. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一，the second 第Hewon the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人，a people 指民族 TheChinese is a peace-loving people. 57.

6、 it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 Ilostmypen.I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要 说的 I was ill. Thats why.59. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没 有，nothing指物，no one指人How many./How much.? None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of, any one指人物均 可，可接 of any one of you61. who,

7、whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一 定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 三日常，not a bit 点也不 Im not a bit tired.我一点

8、儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名 词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用 于否定句 I havenft many books.66. much more.than, many more.thanmuch more.than后接形容词或不可数名 词，many more.than 后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=n

9、ot any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than 相当于 only, 仅仅，只有，not more than至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可 数均可 the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为 自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行 的，自动的 The door opened o

10、f itself.71. at all, after allat all根本，全然，after all到底,毕竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物,high常指物体He is tall.73. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的 特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高,高度的think highly of75. healthy, healthfulh

11、ealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只 能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Pm sleepy.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金 鱼用 gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very, 当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词， mostly 大部分

12、，是副词 most people, the people are mostly.79. just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调 时是形容词，用作定语the very man, just theman80. wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧 重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders81. real, truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而 不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实 和实际情况相符合real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectablerespectfu

13、l 尊敬，有礼貌，respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面， outward 还可用作形容词 an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant 常用作定语，pleased, pleasing 常 用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语 常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandableu

14、nderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的， understandable可理解的，能够懂的an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密 地 closely connected, stand close87. ill, sickill做表语,sick定，表均可a sick boy 88. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况 是形容词 He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静

15、的，可以发出小的声音，silent 不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全 无声响 He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动 不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard 努力，hardly 几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.91. able, capableable与不定式to do连用，capable与of 连用 He is capable of doing.92. almost, nearly二者均为“几乎，差不多”和否定词连用 almost nobody93. late, latelylate 迟，晚，la

16、tely 最近,近来 I haventseen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live 均为活着的，living 定表 均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能 做定语，lively意为活波的all the living people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的 Im excited. The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深

17、，深深 地 deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud, loudaloud 出声地，loud 大声地 read aloud（lH 声地读）98. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing, worthy 后接 to be done, of being done嗓音，noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相 片，图片，电影片,drawing画的画Lets go and see a good picture.7.

18、vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量， word 具体的单词 He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况，climate长 期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path 小

19、路，小径，way道路，途径It is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visited.99. bad, badlybad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require 连用为彳艮，非常go bad I need the book badly.100. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以 前 not long before = before long 101. quite, ratherquite

20、完全地，相当于 completely, rather 修饰 比较级quite impossible102. happy, gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴, 只能做表语a happy girl103. instead, instead ofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中He didnt see a film.Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.104. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词，much too后

21、 接形容词 much too heavy105. be about to, be going to, be to dobe about to表最近的将来，后面不接时间 状语，be going to侧重打算，想法，be to do 侧重意志，计划，安排Im to meet him.（含双 方事先约好的意思） 106. raise, riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词The sun rises in the east.107. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带, fetch 去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of

22、 chalk 108. spend, take, pay, costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间；spend.onsth./in doing sth; take 物做主语，花时间；pay 人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花 钱109. join, join in, take part injoin加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员； join in 参加小型的活动,join sb. in； take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.110. learn, studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study

23、学习， 侧重学习的过程，研究study the problem111. want, hope, wishwant 打算， 想要， want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that. wish希望（通常不能实现）wish （sb.） to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success. 112. discover, invent, find outdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的 东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，find out 发现，查明 At last he

24、found out the truth.113. answer, replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后 接 to reply to the letter114. leave, leave forleave 离开，leave for 前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.115. rob, stealrob 抢劫 rob sb. of sth., steal 偷 steal sth. from sb.116. shoot, shoot atshoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.1

25、17. drop, falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.118. search, search forsearch后接地点，search for后接东西He searched his pocket for money.119. used to, be used toused to过去常常，be used to习惯于，后 接 sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.120. win, lose, beatwin后接

26、sth.,反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them121. live on, live bylive on以.为主食ive by靠谋生live on fish/ live by fishing122. beat, hit, strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打； strike 打一下或若干下 beat the wings 123. meet, meet withmeet遇到，meet with体验到，遭遇到meet with an accident124. lose, misslose失去（具体的物体），错过sth. is lost

27、, lose the chance； miss 想念，错过 sth. is missing, miss the chance125. be tired of, be tired with/frombe tired of 厌烦，be tired with/from 因 为.而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters126. care about, care forcare about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用 于否定句中；care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿 意 He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care f

28、or movies.127. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示一段时间的状 语连用，而have a cold可以She has had a cold for a week.128. change for, change intochange for 调换成，change into 变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.129. continue, last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可, last 只能用主动 The war continued/

29、lasted five years. The story is to be continued.130. feed, raisefeed 喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to), raise 饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family131. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor 去请医生，go to a doctor 去看病132. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看, catch

30、 sight of 突然看到 observe the stars133. insist on, stick toinsist on 坚持要求，后常接 doing, stick to 坚持，后常接 sth. stick to the plan134. look, seem, appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断, appear指给人 以表面的印象appear wise, look like his father135. gather, collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集collect stamps 136. mean t

31、o do, mean doingmean to do打算,想要做某事,mean doing 意思是，意味着 By this I mean giving the students more practice.137. die from, die ofdie from表示死于（枪）伤,虚弱，过度 劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥 饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieof hunger and cold138. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for为付钱，pay back还钱，但不 一定还清，pay off 还清 pay for the book,

32、pay off the debt139. divide, separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate 把连在一起的个体分开divide the apple, separate the houses140. arrive, get, reacharrive不及物动词，后接in （大地点）,at（小 地点），get不及物动词后接to, reach及物动 词 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing141. grow, plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发 展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植 物 p

33、lant the trees, trees are growing142. manage, trymanage to do 设法做成了 某事，try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.143. choose, selectchoose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select 有目的地仔细认真地选择choose the bestanswer144. build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用语，建成，put up临时搭建, set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found国 家或组织的

34、建成 put up a tent, set up a school 145. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的， be familiar with 某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.146. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with 同意某人，agree to 同意某事,take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museu

35、m.11. course, subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科 目（具体的学科）a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯, 后接to do, habit生活习惯，习惯成自然， 后接 of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因， 后接of sth./doing sth, reason用来解释某种现 象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason

36、 for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动, 锻炼（不可数），exercises 练习（可数），practice （反复做的）练习agree on在b达成一致意见，主语是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan147. throw to, throw atthrow to扔到.，throw at朝扔 He throw a stone at me.148. receive, acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受， accept 接受 I received a gift, b

37、ut I didnt accept it.149. wear, put on, dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等，可用 进行时,dress 接入，be dressed in, put on 表动 作 Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. 150. listen, hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果listened, but I heard nothing.151. look, see, watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV 152. lie, la

38、ylie 躺,位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied), lay 平放(laid, laid) lay the book153. work as, act aswork as工作是act as充当某种职务 或身份，或扮演某种角色He works as a teacher. He acts as an interpreter.154. move, removemove 动一动，但不一定移走，remove 从一处移到另一处 remove the table to the kitchen155. hurt, injure, woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤， wo

39、und 战争中受伤 He was wounded in the war.156. turn, get, growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果,grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turn yellow, get tired, grow big157. close, shut, turn offclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可 开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体 Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.158. set out, set about, set off指出发，着手解时，set out后接to do, set

40、about 后接 doing, set off 后接 for sp.159. begin, startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end, start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stop Class begins at 7:30a.m.160. happen, take placehappen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发 生，take place 必然性 的发生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.161. at, in （表地点）at小地点，in大地点 arrive at a small village, arrive in Sh

41、anghai 162. at work, in workat work在工作，在上班,in work 有职业, 有工作 Both my parents are at work. They are not at home.163. increase to, increase byincrease to 增长至U.，increase by 增长 T. The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000. 164. at ease, with easeat ease舒适地，安逸地；with ease容易 地,无困难地do it with ease165. day after

42、 day, day by dayday after day 日复一日（无变化）；day by day 一天天地（有变化）Trees grow taller day by day.166. like, aslike相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系,两者实为一体Donft treat me as a child. （In fact, Im a child.）167. after, in （表时间）after接时间点，in接时间段after 7:00, in five minutes168. between, amongbetween两者之间，三者或三者以上两两 之间，among三者或三者以上之间

43、Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.169. after, behind （表位置）after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体 静态位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.170. since, for （完成时间状语）since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间 for three years, since 3:00171. on the corner, in the corner, at the corneron the corner物体表面的角上，i

44、n the corner物体内部的角落里，at the corner物体 外部的角落上（拐角处）on the corner of the table172. warn sb. of, warn sb. againstwarn sb. of提醒某人注意某事，warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事warm him against swimming in that part of the river 173. at peace, in peaceat peace 平静地，in peace 和平地 live in peace with ones neighbors174. on earth

45、, on the earth, in the earthon earth在世上,在人间，到底，究竟, 一点也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上，in the earth在地下, 在泥土里 no use on earth 175. in surprise, to ones surprise, by surprisein surprise 惊奇地，to ones surprise 使某 人吃惊的是，by surprise使惊慌 Thequestion took the professor by surprise.176. in the air, on the air, in the sk

46、yin the air正在酝酿中，on the air播送，广 播，in the sky 在天空中 His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.177. in the field, on the fieldin the field在野外，on the field在战场上 He lost his life on the field.178. in the market, on the marketin the market表示场所或地点，在市场 上，on the market 出售 He sells fish in the market. Fresh veget

47、ables are on the market now. 179. in the sun, under the sunin the sun 在阳光下，under the sun 地球 上，全世界 people under the sun180. in a voice, with one voicein a voice 出声地，with one voice 异口同 声地 They refused with one voice.181. through, acrossthrough穿越空间，across在b穿过through the forest, across the desert182. on the way, in the wayon the way 在前往的路上，in the way 挡路 The chair is in the way.183. above, on, overabove在上面，不接触，on在上面，接 触，over 在正上方 fly over the hill184. until, not. .untiluntil至U.为止，not.until直至U.才（常