初中英语常用固定搭配及介词用法归纳总结.docx

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1、初中英语常用固定搭配及介词用法归纳总结agree with同意；赞同：I quite agree with him on the sports.我非常同意他在运动方面的观点。与.相符；与.一致：His words d。not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。常用于否定句（食物等）适合：Too much meat doesnt agree with her.她不宜吃太多 肉。hold on抓着不放；坚持：She held on to me tightly.她紧紧地抓住我。I will hold on to my dream and never give it up.我

2、要坚持自己的梦想，永不放弃。电话用语别挂断；等一下：Can you hold on? Ill see if the managers in the office. 先别挂电话行吗？我去看看经理在不在办公室。make up不用于进行时组成;In some languages, 100 words make up half of all wordsused in daily conversations.在一些语言中，100个词就构成了一半的日常会话用语。编写；编造：At your first meeting you should make up a rule book.在第一次会议上, 你要编写出

3、一个规章手册。bring about引起；造成：Science has brought about many changes in our lives.不斗学给我们的生,舌带来了诸多变 化。bring up常用于被动语态抚养；养育；教养：His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother.在他年幼时父亲就去世了，他是由母亲抚养长大的。提出(讨论等)：Every time I bring the matter up, he changes the subject.每当我提 起这件事，他就会转移话题。buil

4、d upHe has built (up) his business over the years.这些年来他逐步建立起了自己的生意。Outdoor activities are really helpful in building up my body and enriching my schoollife.户外活动确实对我增强体质和丰富学校生活有益。carry out实行；执行：I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.实施这个计划我有些困难。They just carried out the order as told.他们只是按命令行

5、事。come across偶然遇到; 碰见: When reading articles related to science, we often come across difficult or unfamiliar words.读与科学相关的文章时，我们常常碰到难词或生词。被理解：He spoke for a long time, but his meaning did not come across.他讲了很 久，但还是没有把意思讲明白。come up with想出；提出；提供：Our class came up with the idea to make better use of u

6、sed materials.我们班的同学 提出了这一想法，以更好利用废旧材料。They want to buy the house, but they couldnt come up with the cash.他们想买房， 但是拿不出这笔现金。figure out弄清楚；弄明白；计算出：I couldrTt figure out what I had done to annoy my boss.我不明白自己做了什么让老板 生气。Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?旅行要花多少费用你算出来没有？get down to开始做；开始认真

7、对待：Its time we got down to business.我们该开始干正事了。give away送掉；分发（奖品等）：The Students5 Union called on us to give away our used books to the students in the lower grades.学生会号召我们把用过的书送给低年级的学生。泄露（秘密）；出卖：I will never give your secrets away again.我绝不会再泄露你的秘 U_| oHis accent gives him away as a southerner.他的口音让人

8、听出他是南方人。放弃（机会等）；输掉：Would they give away their chance to win the game?他们会 放弃赢得比赛的机会吗？We gave away two goals in the first half,上半场我们输了两个球。give up放弃；让：She decided to give up her job and start a coffee bar.她决定辞去工作，开一家咖啡馆。He gave up his seat to a pregnant woman.他把座位让给了一位孕妇。lead to致使；导致A lack of confidenc

9、e can lead to a lot of suffering.缺乏自信会导致很多痛苦。Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite.好习 惯总是会带来高效率，而坏习惯则相反。leave out遗漏；不包括：If you study in a systematic way, you won,t leave anything out.如果 你用系统的方法来学习，你就不会遗漏任何东西。被忽视；觉得被冷落：New fathers often feel left out when baby

10、arrives.有了孩子后， 初为人父者往往有一种被冷落的感觉。live up to不辜负；符合；履行：He failed to live up to his parents9 expectations.他辜负了父母的期望。look up抬头看；查阅：She looked up from her books as I entered the room.我进入房间时，她从书本上抬起 头来看了看。If there are words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary,如果有不懂的 单词就查字典。put away把收起；放好：Ki

11、ds - will you put away your toys now?孩子们，现在把玩具收起来 好吗？ 储存.备用：We5re putting some money away for expenses,我们省下一笔钱来应付开 销。put forward把提前；提出：We have put forward the wedding by two weeks.我们把婚礼提前了两周。Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞理论？put off延期；推迟：She called this afternoon to put off the mee

12、ting to next week.她下午打电话说把会议 推迟到下周。put up with忍受；容忍：I can9t put up with their smoking any longer我再也无法忍受他们抽烟了。I can put up with many things, but not with people who steal.我能容忍很多事情，但 绝不容忍小偷小摸的人。run out (of)用完；耗尽：In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earths natural resou

13、rces run out.在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。set aside留出；把置于一旁：Set aside some time each day to write, even if it is only five minutes.每天留出一点儿 时间来写作，哪怕只有5分钟。take on呈现；雇用；接受；承担：Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.在遭受大地震成为废墟后不久，这座城市呈现出新面貌。N

14、o more workers are being taken on at present.眼下不再招收工人。His secretary will have to take on most of his work while hes gone.他的秘书得在他不 在的时候承担他的大部分工作。turn down关小；调低（音量等）：Could you please turn down your TV a bit?你可以把电视音量 关小一点儿吗？拒绝：How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work

15、for months?你已经好几个月没有工作了，怎么能拒绝这么好的一份工作呢？turn to转向；求助于:Their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the city.他们的话题转到了城市 发生的变化。Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.遇到困难时请向警察求助。turn up开大；调高（音量等）：Turn up the radio so that I can hear the program.才巴收音机音 量开大些，好让我听到这个节目。（人）到达

16、; 出现：He promised that he would come, but he hasnt turned up yet他 承诺会来，但还没出现。bring on使提高；使进步：More study should bring on your English,努力学习会提高你的英语 水平。引起；导致：Stress can bring on illness.压力会引起疾病。call for需要； 要求：Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dorrt feel that way.有时形势要求

17、我们表现得强大、勇敢，即使我们自己并不觉得是那样。去（某处）接人/物：Ill call for you at your home.我会到你家接你。call up打电话给；使人想起:Ill call you up when I need your help.我需要你帮助的时候会给你打电话。This picture called up memories of our class trip.这张照片使我想起我们班的那次旅行。come down to归结为；传到手里：Their quarrel comes down to money.他们吵架说到底是因为钱。The custom has come do

18、wn to us from our old generations.这个习俗是从祖辈传下来 的。come off（从.）离开：People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation.人们度过了繁忙的春夏，有了片刻的清闲。 脱落；掉下：A button had come off.有颗扣子掉了。come on快点；进展；算了吧：Come on , we will be late for the theatre .快点吧，我们去戏院要迟到了。come to sb被某人想到:The answer came to me

19、 in a flash.我突然想到了答案。get in进入；到达；插话：A car stopped before him and he got in. 一辆小汽车停在他面前，他上了车。When does the train get in?火车几点进站?She talks so much that its impossible to get a word in,她说起话来滔滔不绝，让人一句 话都插不进去。give out分发；发出（光、热、信号等）；公布：The teacher gave out the exam papers.老师发了试卷。That lamp doesnt give out a

20、 lot of light.那盏灯亮度不够。The result of the examination wont be given out.这次考试成绩将不会被公布。耗尽；精疲力竭：We must go home. Our money has given out钱用光了,我们必须回家。His strength gave out.他筋疲力尽了。go about从事；忙于；开始做：The villagers were going about their business as usual.村民们如往常一样忙着自己的 事。If I decided to join the clubz how do I

21、 go about it?假如我决定加入这个俱乐部，要做些 什么呢？go ahead前进；先走 用于祈使句请吧；说吧：（经过计划或允许后）开始做：The governmentis planning to go ahead with the building next year.政府计划明年着手建造大楼。英语介词用法归纳总结介词基本用法辨析表示方位的介词：inf tof on1. in表示在某地范围之内。Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。为化妆：They made him up as an old man for the last ac

22、t of the play.在演这出戏 的最后一幕时，他们把他打扮成一个老头。pick up拿起；拾起：The phone rang and I picked it up.电话响了，我接了起来。I picked up the rubbish and threw it into the trash can.我把垃圾拾起来,扔进垃圾桶。（车辆等）中途搭（人）；中途带（!$）： Tve got to pick up my daughter from school atfour oclock.我四点钟得去学校接女儿。营救； 救起：Twenty men fell into the water and w

23、ere picked up by other boats, 十人落水后，被其他船只救起。（偶然地、无意地）得到；学会（语言）；买到：She picked up Japanese when she was inJapan. Now she can speak it freely.她在日本时学会了日语，现在她日语讲得很流利。We managed to pick up a few bargains in the market.我们从市场上买至U了几件便宜货。接收到：We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.我们能收听到英国广播公司 的国际广播节目。重

24、提（话题）；恢复（健康等）:He picks up this theme again in later chapters of thebook.在该书的后几章，他又重回到这个主题上。take up开始（从事）；占用Japan is/lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。3. on表示与某地相邻或接壤。Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边。表示计量的介词：atf for, by1. at表示以速度以价格。It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.它以每小时 900

25、 公里的速度飞行。I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。2. for表示用交换，以为代价”。He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了。注意：at表示单价(price) , for表示总钱数。3. by表示以计，后跟度量单位。They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。Here eggs are sold by weight.在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。表示材料的介词：of, from, inThis box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。2. from成品已看不

26、出原料。Wine is made from gmpes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。3. in表示用某种材料或语言。Please fill in the form in pencil first,请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English.他们用英语交谈。表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on1. by用某种方式，多用于交通。I went there by bus.我坐公共汽车去那儿。2. with表示用某种工具“。He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。3. on表示以

27、.方式，多用于固定词组。They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。表示关于的介词：of, about, on1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。2. about指关于某人或某事物的较详细的情况。Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗?3. on指关于学术性的或严肃的事。It s a text

28、book on the history of china.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。表原因或理由的介词：for, at, from, off withf byf because of1. for 表示原因， 与 sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame 连用。I am sorry for what I said to you.我后悔不该对你讲那些话。2. at指情感变化的原因，意为因听到或看到而”。He was surprised at the news.听到这消息他大吃一原。3. from指外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。He died from

29、 the wound.他因受伤而致死。4. of指内在的原因，如病、饿等。The old man died of hunger.老人死于饥饿。5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。He was shaking with anger.他气得浑身发抖。6. by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。Her body was bent by age他因年老背弯了。She took your umbrella by mistake.我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。7. because

30、 of表示引起结果的直接原因。He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。Owing to the rain they could not come.由于下雨他们没来。9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为幸亏,多亏Thanks to John, we won the game.多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。10. out of表示动机的起因,常译为出于He asked the question out of curiosity.他出于好奇才问 了那个问题。

31、11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。The war was lost through bad organization.战争因组织不周而失败了。表示好像或当作的介词：like, as1. like表示像一样，其实不是。Peter the Great, I汰e his country, was strong and proud.彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健 和自豪。2. as表示作为，以身份，其实也是。He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注：as作连词时，可表示好像。The work is not so difficult as you

32、imagine.这工作不像你想像的那么困难。表示支持或反对的介词：against, foragainst反对，for支持，互为反义词。Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法？表示除某人某物外的介词：besides, except1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的除外，还”。Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有 30 个学生去看了电影（共计31人去）。He is interested in tennis besides (=as well as) footbal

33、l.他对足球和网球都感兴趣。2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的除去。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动（我并不激动）。All the visitors are J叩anese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（他不是日本 人）注意：（A） except通常与表示全体的all, every连用；若与other连用，只能用besides。He had other people to take care of besides me.除我之夕卜，他还要照顾另1J人。（B） except是排除同类；而except for

34、是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上 修正。The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes,除了几处拼写错误之 外，这篇作文整体还是不错的。（作文与拼写错误是非同类的）但except for有时也可代替except,特别是在句首时，因为 except是不能用于句首的。Except for George, you can all go.除乔治外，你们者B可以去。Rogers took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.罗杰斯学了一段时间的绘 画，

35、但很快便失去了兴趣。Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.开会和接电话占用了天中 的大部分时间。turn out制造；生产；培养出：The factory turns out 900 cars a week.这家工厂一周生产九百 辆汽车。原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）：Unexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice that day.出乎意料的是，那天天气特别好。It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack

36、.原来他的兄弟死于心脏病。work out算出；总共达：Fm just trying to work out how much I spend each month. 力算出我每月的开销。解决;把弄清楚:To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consultedProfessor Russell several times.为了解出这道数学难题，我已经请教拉塞尔教授好几次 了。制定（出）：Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keepyou

37、active.训练有素的体育老师能帮你制定一套训练计划，使你保持活力。产生结果；被证明有效：Everything worked out OK in the end.事情的结果还不错。I want to follow Davids example but it never worked out for me.我想效仿大卫的做 法，但这对我没有效果。锻炼;训练：I go to the sports club and work out once a week.我一周去一次体育馆 锻炼。get through到达；通过；打通：She got through the examination,她通过了考试

38、。Focusing on that goal helps me get through tough times.专注于那一目标帮我熬过了 艰难时期。I tried phoning her office, but I couldn,t get through.我试过打她办公室电话，但没打 通。make out勉强看见；听见：I could barely make out the stage in the darkness.黑暗中我几乎看 不见舞台。I could hear voices but I couldnt make out what manage they were saying.我能听

39、到 说话的声音，但听不清他们在说什么。理解；弄清：His writing is so confusing that if s difficult to make out what he is tryingt。express.他的笔迹模糊不清，很难弄清他到底想表达什么。写出;开列:She was making out a list of people to invite.她正在写一份邀请名单。put up举起；抬起；提IW:Put up your hands if you have any questions.如果有问题请举手。公布; 张贴 （布告、 相片等）：Posters were put

40、up around our school, calling upon usto join in the actions for a greener earth.校园中到处张贴着海报，号召我们加入到让地 球更环保的行动中去。建造（房屋等）；搭建：They,ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.最近他们 盖起了很多高楼大厦。留宿；住宿：I was hoping Kenny could put me up for a few days.我希望肯尼能让我 留宿几天。set down记下；放下：I dorTt want to set down a

41、 series of facts in a diary as most people do.我不愿像大多数 人那样在日记中记流水账。turn over翻身；（使）翻转；翻过（书页）:He did not fall asleep, turning over in bed from time totime.他没睡着，在床上时不时地翻身。Dont turn over the page yet.先别把这页翻过去。移交：He turned over the work to the secretary.他把工作移交给了秘书。break down（机器等）出故障；（身体等）垮掉；（情感等）失控：On my

42、way to the station my car broke down.去车站的路上，我的车坏了。Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她的身体在工作压力下垮掉了。He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his newspapers.想到没卖掉所有的报纸，他禁不住哭了起来。（谈判等）失败：Talks between the two sides have broken down.双方的谈判破裂了。把分若干部分（以方便做或理解）：Each lesson is brok

43、en down into several units. 每一课都分成几部分。look down upon轻视；看不起：Never look down on people less superior than you.不要轻视不如你的人。look up to尊敬；仰视：I look up to him because hes a real artist.我尊敬他，因为他是个真正的艺术家。die down逐渐变弱；逐渐降低When the applause had died down, she began her speech.掌声渐渐消失时,她开始讲 话。The wind has died do

44、wn a bit.风小了一点。get over越过；克服；恢复过来：I don5t know how we are going to get over these difficulties.我不知道我们怎样才能克 服这些困难。We are certain that he will get over his illness.我们相信他一定会战胜疾病。go by走过；流逝；过去Everything will get easier as time goes by.随着时间的推移，一切都会好起来的。go over从一处到（另一处）；温习：We went over to the flower selle

45、r and asked her if we could buy a flower.我们到卖花 的人身边，问她我们能不能买朵花。Let us go over your answer again.让我们再检查下你的答案。fve got to go over my notes for tomorrows exam.我必须复习笔记准备明天的考试。look into调查：The police are looking into the disappearance of two children.警方正在调查两个孩子 失踪的事件。put down放下：Once I started reading the m

46、ystery novel, I just couldnt put it down. 一旦我 开始读那本悬疑小说，就再也放不下了。写下；记下：Please put down your name and address here.请把您的姓名和地址写在 这儿。run away from逃走；躲避The thief heard the noise and ran away quickly.小偷听到声音，匆忙逃走了。Its irresponsible of you to run away from difficulties.见了困难就躲是不负责的。take in吸入；收留：Trees take in

47、carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.树木吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。He was homeless, so we took him in.他无家可归，于是我们收留了他。理解：It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.过了好几分 钟，我才理解他说的是什么。欺骗：She took me in completely with her story.她用一番花言巧语完全把我骗住了。wear out穿破；磨损：Ive already worn out two pairs of shoes this year.今年我已经穿破两双 鞋了。（使）疲乏；（使）耗尽