考点18 非谓语动词-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（全国）（解析版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx

《考点18 非谓语动词-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（全国）（解析版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考点18 非谓语动词-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（全国）（解析版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、考点18非谓语动词存命题趋势非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语 运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非 谓语动词的能力。方知识导图动词-ingO肯定O形式not+动词-ingO否定）动名词The hens job is laying eggs. O 作表语Collecting stamps is interesting. O 作主语 ；0They havent finished building the lab. O 作宾语 O定 一否 式形动词-ingnot +动词-ingHe cant walk wilhou

2、t a talking stick. 作定语 J现在分词ntto+动词原形0否定To Gnish the work on time is hard.。作主语Her job is to clean the hall. O 作表语I have no choice but to stay here. 0 作宾语 lHr was seen to cross the road.I have something to say.She sold her luiir to buy the walch. 0 目的。作补语 O作定语动词不定式e L 形式句法和作用非谓语动词过去分词句法和作用O 语 定 作In t

3、he following years he worked even harder.O 语 表 作Seeing is believing.Working at school, he was a math teacher.作补语 。 He kept the car waiting at the gate.规则动词 形式。/（不规则动词句法和作用d作定语。 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.C/-作表语。 The window is broken.作宾补 0 I heard the song sung several times last

4、 week.作状语 。 Once seen, it can never l)e forgotten.作状语Im not such a fbol as to believe that. 0 结果They were sad to hear the news. 0 原因Its too dark to see anything. O 程度To tell the truth, I don、like the movie. ? 独立成分 重点考向1 .动词不定式；2 .动名词；3 .分词（现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主 要包括不定式、动名词

5、和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。22. （2022西藏中考真题）Its important fbr the disabled the ability to make a living.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. has【答案】A【详解】句意：对残疾人来说，有谋生的能力是很重要的。考查动词不定式作主语。it is adj. for sb. to do sth做某事”，动词不定式作主语，故选A。23. （2022广西桂林中考真题）They are working hard tigers.A. savedB. saveC. to save【答案】c【详解】句意：他们正在努

6、力拯救老虎。考查非谓语动词。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故选C。24. （2022内蒙古呼和浩特中考真题）Whether sportsmen, sportswomen or volunteers, people used their skills and warmth the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.A. makeB. makingC. madeD. to make【答案】D【详解】句意：无论是男运动员、女运动员还是志愿者，人们都用自己的技能和热情使2022 年北京冬奥会取得了辉煌的成功。考查非谓语动词。根据“pe

7、ople used their skills and warmth.the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.”可知，人们用自己的技能和热情的目的是让2022北京冬奥会取得成功， 此处为不定式表目的。故选D。25. （2022上海中考真题）The Internet enables farmers fruits and vegetables across thecountry.A. sellB. sellingC. to sellD. sold【答案】c【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。考查非谓语动词。固定短语en

8、able sb to do sth使某人能做某事”。故选C。26. （2022江苏盐城中考真题）Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space the unknown world.A. exploreB. exploredC. exploringD. to explore【答案】D【详解】句意：好消息来了，中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空去探索未知的世界。考查非谓语动词。explore探索，动词原形；explored探索，动词过去式或过去分词；exploring 探索，动名词或现在分词；to explore探索，动词不定式。根据

9、“China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space”和“the unknown world”可知，中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空，其目的是探索未 知的世界，动词不定式表目的。故选D。27. （2022吉林长春中考真题）heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.A. To avoidB. AvoidC. AvoidingD. Avoided【答案】A【详解】句意：为了避免交通拥挤，请早点起床出发。考查非谓语动词。根据“heavy traffic, please get up and set out early”可知，早点

10、起床出发的目 的是为了避免交通拥挤，用动词不定式表目的，故选A。28. （2022湖南株洲中考真题）a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.A. CreateB. To createC. Creating【答案】B【详解】句意：为了创造一个共享未来，我们应该向彼此学习并帮助彼此。考查不定式用法。create创造。选项A是动词原形；选项B是动词不定式；选项C是动词 的ing形式。空格上需填一个动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了，故选B。29. （2022辽宁大连中考真题）I hopein my hom

11、etown after I finish school.A. workB. worksC. workingD. to work【答案】D【详解】句意：我希望毕业后能在家乡工作。考查非谓语动词。固定短语hope to do sth”希望做某事，故选D。30. （2022广西玉林中考真题）一Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from in the lake or river.一Life is valuable. Kids must remember the school rules.A. swim; to followB. swim

12、; followingC. swimming; followingD. swimming; to follow【答案】D【详解】句意：安全第一！每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。生命是 宝贵的。孩子们必须记住遵守校规。考查非谓语动词。stop sb.fYom doing sth.阻止某人做某事”，动名词作宾语，排除AB； remember to do sth.”记得要做某事，remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”；根敏Kids must remember.the school rules”可知是记得要遵守规则，故此处用动词不定式作宾语，排除Co故选Do31. （2022湖

13、南邵阳中考真题）一 Hou can【prevent COVID-19, Dad?-healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.A. KeepB. KeepingC. To keep【答案】C【详解】句意：爸爸，我该如何预防新冠病毒？为了保持健康，你应该经常戴口罩，经 常洗手。考查非谓语动词。空处是动词不定式做目的状语。故选C。32. （2022西藏中考真题）too much sweet food will make people get fat.A. EatingB. EatsC. EatD. Ate【答案】

14、A【详解】句意：吃太多甜食会使人发胖。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作主语，应填动名词，故选A。33. （2022内蒙古呼和浩特,中考真题）一Most teenagers like humorous TV shows.一Me too. I cant help when I watch them.A. laughingB. to laughC. laughedD. laugh【答案】A【详解】句意： 大多数青少年喜欢幽默的电视节目。一一我也是。当我看他们的时候, 我忍不住笑了。考查非谓语动词。根据“I carft help .when I watch them.”可知，carft he

15、lp doing sth“忍不住要 做某事”。故选A。34. （2022上海中考真题）The young player spends four hours volleyball every day.A. practiseB. practisingC. to practiseD. practised【答案】B【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。考查非谓语动词。spend some time （in） doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故 选Bo35. （2022贵州黔东南中考真题）There is no doubt Hany Potter is worth

16、A. whether, read B. if; to readC. that; reading D. as; being read【答案】c【详解】句意：毫无疑问，哈利波特值得一读。考查宾语从句。doubt用在否定句中，引导词用that, there is no doubt that”毫无疑问”,固定句型；be worth doing sth值得做某事，故选Co36. （2022贵州黔东南中考真题）An old manon the side of the road was found, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and

17、passengers immediately.A. lies; diesB. lay; diedC. lain; deadD. lying; dying【答案】D【详解】句意：一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息，他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。 考查词义辨析。lies说谎，躺；lay躺（过去式）或放置（动词原形）；lain躺（过去分词）;lying躺（现在分词）或说谎（现在分词）。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”，用现在分词作 定语。dies死亡，动词三单；died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容词；dying垂死的， 形容词 o 根据“he was sent to the hospital

18、 by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可矢口，还有生命体征，处于垂死边缘，第二空应填形容词dying,故选D。37. （2022黑龙江中考真题）I saw Lilywhen I passed her room.A. danceB. dancingC. to dance【答案】B【详解】句意：当我经过她的房间时，我看到莉莉在跳舞。考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”；see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某 事。根据when I passed her room.”可知，此处是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。故

19、选B。38 .（2022贵州黔西中考真题）Most of the students are looking forward to themselvesafter the exams.A. workB. workingC. relaxD. relaxing【答案】D【详解】句意：大多数学生都期待着考试后放松自己。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。work工作；relax放松。根据after the exams.”可知，考试过后 应该是放松，可排除AB选项；固定短语look forward to doing sth.“期待着做某事”。故选D。 39. （2022广西河池中考真题）I usually spe

20、nd timein the library on weekends.A. readB. readingC. readsD. to read【答案】B【详解】句意：周末我通常在图书馆看书。本题考查动词spend的用法。”花费时间做某事”的英文表达为“spend time （in） doing，所以 应选择动名词形式reading。故选B。40. （2022.黑龙江绥化中考真题）If you have difficulty out the problem, you can askthe teacher for help.A. workB. workingC. to work【答案】B【详解】句意：

21、如果你做这道题有困难，你可以请老师帮忙。考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty （in） doing sth“做某事有困难”，故选Bo在模拟检测41. （2022山东青岛大学附属中学二模）a GPS will make easier for you tovisit a strange place.A. To take; that B. To take; itC. Take; thatD. Take; it【答案】B【详解】句意：带上全球定位系统将使每个人更容易访问一个陌生的地方。考查非谓语动词和代词辨析。本句缺主语，需用不定式作主语，可排除CD两项。本句是“动 词（make）+it+

22、形容词+ for sb to do sth.”固定句型，it是形式宾语，后面的不定式是真正宾语， 故选B。42. （2022山东曹县教学研究室二模）No matter where he is, he makes a rulefor a walk after supper.A. him.to goB. it.goingC. it.to go【答案】c【详解】句意：无论他在哪里，他的规矩是晚餐后去散步。考查代词和非谓语动词。him他，人称代词宾格；it它，人称代词；go for a walk散步；根 据“make”和匕rule ”可知此处指“把做某事作为一项规则”，表达为make it a rul

23、e to do sth,该 结构中it为形式宾语，动词不定式t。do sth为真正的宾语。故选C。43. （2022湖北房县教学研究中心一模）一You must make an effort smoking. Its badfor your health.Youre right. It might be hard, but its worth.A. to stop; to tryB. to stop; tryingC. stopping; to tryD. stopping; trying【答案】B【详解】句意：你必须努力戒烟。这对你的健康有害。你说得对。这可能很难，但 值得一试。考查非谓语。

24、make an effort to do sth.“尽力做某事；be worth doing sth.”值得做某事”。故选Bo 44. （2022四川富J顺第三中学校二模）The villagers tried everything they can thefactory the river.A. to prevent; polluting B. stop; from polluting C. to keep; polluting 【答案】A【详解】句意：村民们想尽一切办法阻止工厂污染河流。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。prevent阻止；stop停止；keep保持。第一个空此处为动词不 定式作目

25、的状语,排除B； stop/keep/preventfrom意思是”阻止去做”，stop/preventfrom中使用主动语态0寸，可省略介词from,而ke叩from中的from不可 省略。故选A。45. （2022四川广元二模）一Look at my Bing Dwen Dwen!一Oh, its lovely. Could you please tell me?A. how can I buy one B. where do you buy it C. how to have one D. when can I have one 【答案】C【详解】句意：看看我的冰墩墩！ 哦，很可爱。你能

26、告诉我如何才能拥有一个吗? 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除ABD； C项是“疑问词+不定式”的结构作宾语,符合语境。故选C。46. （2022四川省成都市七中育才学校二模）Our school has held activities the 100thbirthday of the Communist Youth League（共青团）.A. celebratingB. celebratedC. to celebrate【答案】C【详解】句意：我们学校举办了许多活动庆祝共青团成立100周年。考查非谓语动词。举办活动的目的是为了庆祝共青团成立100周年，用动词不定式作目的状 语，故选C。

27、47. （2022河北馆陶县教师发展中心二模）一What should I do at the beginning of the exam?一It is necessary to the whole test paper.A. worry about B. care forC. look through D. take off【答案】C【详解】句意：在考试开始时，我应该做什么？ 浏览整张试卷是必要的。考查动词短语辨析。worry about担心；care for照料；look through浏览；take off起飞，脱 掉。根据”What should I do at the beginni

28、ng of the exam?It is necessary to . the whole test paper.”并结合选项可知考试第一步是浏览整张试卷。故选C。48. （2022广西柳州三模）I dont think children should be allowed.A. smokeB. to smokeC. smoking【答案】B【详解】句意：我认为不应该允许孩子们吸烟。考查非谓语动词。固定短语be allowed to do sth.某人被允许干某事”，故选B。49. （2022广西柳州,三模）Every minute is made full use of peoples li

29、fe.A. savingB. to saveC. being save【答案】B【详解】句意：每一分钟都被充分利用来拯救人们的生命。考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“每一分钟都被充分利用”是为了“拯 救人们的生命、故选B。50. （2022广西钦州一模）一My grandma is used to in the countryside.一Oh. So is my grandma.A. liveB. livedC. living【答案】C【详解】句意：我祖母习惯住在乡下。哦。我的祖母也是。考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth被用来做某事；be used to do

30、ing sth习惯做某事。根据“My grandma is used to . in the countryside”可知，祖母习惯住在乡下，故选 C。51. .（2022辽宁沈阳二模）一Is the cartoon ready to on the TV for the children to watchnow?一Yes.A. playB. be playedC. displayD. be displayed【答案】B【详解】句意： 现在准备好在电视上给孩子们播放动画片了吗？ 是的。考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。play播放；be played被播放；display陈列；be displayed被

31、陈 列。根据“the cartoon”可知，应是播放动画片，排除C、D；主语the cartoon与谓语play之 间是被动关系，即“动画片被播放，故排除A选项。故选B。52. （2022广西贵港三模）一You play piano so well. How do you do it?一I think it is important piano every day.A. practiceB. practicesC. to practiceD. practicing【答案】C【详解】句意：你钢琴弹得真好。你是怎么做到的？ 我认为每天练习钢琴很重要。 考查it固定句型。Itis+形容词+todos

32、th,做某事是的”，不定式作主语。故选C。53. （2022广西柳州模拟预测）一Listen! Who is singing in the next room?一It must be Sally. I often hear her there.A. singB. to singC. singing【答案】A【详解】句意：听！谁正在隔壁唱歌？一定是莎莉。我经常听见她在那里唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。hear sb do sth强调听见某人做事的全过程或（经常性地）听见某人做某事; hear sb doing sth强调听见某人正在做某事；根据often”可知，我经常听见莎莉在那儿唱歌。 故选Ao54

33、. （2022广西贵港二模）一What did you do last weekend, Becky?一We had good fun to the countryside.A. to driveB. driveC. to drivingD. driving【答案】D【详解】句意：Becky,你上周做了什么？ 我们开心地驱车去了乡村。考查动名词。have fun （in） doing sth.开心做某事，固定搭配。故选D。55 .（2022重庆巴蜀中学二模）As we are running out of time, I suggest a taxi to gothere.A. takeB.

34、tookC. to takeD. taking【答案】D【详解】句意：由于时间不多了，我建议乘出租车去那里。考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”，故选D。56. （2022辽宁抚顺模拟预测）The policeman warned the man after drinking.A. to driveB. not to drive C. drivingD. not driving【答案】B【详解】句意：警察警告该男子酒后不要开车。考查非谓语动词。warn sb. （not） to do sth.警告某人（不要）做某事”，根据warned theman

35、after drinking”可知是酒后不要开车，用结构warn sb. not to do sth.o故选Bo57. （2022重庆实验外国语学校三模）To get close to nature, my friends asked me hiking in the mountain last Saturday.A. goB. wentC. to goD. going【答案】C【详解】句意：为了接近大自然，上个周六，我的朋友们让我去山里远足。考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。ask sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”或“让某人做某事”, 其中动词不定式to do作宾语补足语。故选C。5

36、8. （2022重庆模拟预测）My English teacher has gone to Beijing herself.A. improveB. improvedC. improvesD. to improve【答案】D【详解】句意：我的英语老师去北京是为了提升自己。考查非谓语动词。去北京的目的是为了提升自己，此处用动词不定式表目的，故选D。构成：to +动词原形动词不定式J作用：作除谓语外的任何成分 构成：u-.ing/R-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式分词L作用：表、定、状、补构成：v.-ing动名词I作用：主、宾、表、定考向一：不定式1.动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动

37、词用单数形式，为避免“头重脚轻”常 用it作形式主语。常用句型有：It is + 以。+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为”做某事对某人来说是” OIt takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为”做某事 花费某人多长时间”To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容 易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan, decide,learn, agree, try,

38、 remember,forget, expect, refuse,afford,prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等 think,find,believe等动词可用于动词 +it+6：+to do sth.句型中。it作形式宾语,而 真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学 考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之 间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式

39、中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的 介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambitionCan you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书 写的笔吗？Do you have something to say? 你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的To do a good job,we must have目的、结果和原因。the righ

40、t tools.要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer. 我想成为一名工程师。2.不定式的特殊用法使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略too此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 五帮(help)。 变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。动词不定式的否定形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。 Our teacher asked us not to swim in

41、 the river alone.我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里 游泳。常接疑问词+带 to 的不定式的动词有 teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget 等 o My mother taught me how to cook yesterday.昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向二：动名词(一)动名词的构成动名词是由“动词+-ing ”构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。(二)动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词 用单数形式，常用的句型结构 有：It is no use (good) +v.

42、ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也 没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她 的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式 作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest, succeed in, be used to do, look forward t

43、o, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I wont give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什 么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦 想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home. 她家有个游泳池。(三)动名词的特殊用法即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, cant bear, propose, want, n

44、eed, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can* afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考向三：分词(-)现在分词和过去分词的构成现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。(-)分词的用法句子成 分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主 动的含义，过去分词表示已经 完成，有被动的含义。The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩 使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语The story

45、 is interesting.! am interested in it. 这个 故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一 动作，来对主语的主要动作加 以修饰。I got home, feeling very tired.我疲惫地回到家里。方依技巧非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing,表示一定

46、逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的 完成式或-ing的完成式)。原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing,表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词(词组)(1)想要，拒绝，忘记(want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助(like, agree, help)(4)希望,决定，开始(hope/wish, decide, begin/start)【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词