四肢前面的深层 PPT课件.ppt
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1、四肢前面深层解剖四肢前面深层解剖廖廖 华华南方医科大学解剖教研室南方医科大学解剖教研室2016.092016.09上肢的深部解剖上肢的深部解剖胸胸 肌肌Extrinsic musclesExtrinsic musclesn nPectoralis majorPectoralis major 胸大肌胸大肌胸大肌胸大肌 n nPectoralis minorPectoralis minor 胸小肌胸小肌胸小肌胸小肌 n nSerratus anterior Serratus anterior 前锯肌前锯肌前锯肌前锯肌Intrinsic musclesIntrinsic musclesn nInte
2、rcostales externiIntercostales externi 肋间外肌肋间外肌肋间外肌肋间外肌n nIntercostales interniIntercostales interni 肋间内肌肋间内肌肋间内肌肋间内肌n nIntercostales intimi Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌肋间最内肌肋间最内肌肋间最内肌n n胸大肌胸大肌胸大肌胸大肌n nOrigin:medial half of Origin:medial half of clavicle,sternum,1th-6th costal clavicle,sternum,1th-6th
3、 costal cartilages.cartilages.n nInsertion:crest of greater Insertion:crest of greater tubercle of humerus.tubercle of humerus.n nAction:flexes,adducts and Action:flexes,adducts and rotates arm medially;arm rotates arm medially;arm fixed,elevates trunk;elevates fixed,elevates trunk;elevates ribs 1-6
4、,aidding in forced ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration.inspiration.上肢肌上肢肌Muscles of shoulder Muscles of shoulder 肩肌肩肌n nDeltoidDeltoidn nsupraspinatussupraspinatusn nInfraspinatusInfraspinatusn nTeres minorTeres minorn nTeres majorTeres majorn nsubscapularissubscapularisMuscles of arm Muscles of
5、arm 臂肌臂肌n nAntererior groupAntererior groupn nBiceps brachii Biceps brachii 肱二头肌肱二头肌肱二头肌肱二头肌n nCoracobrachialisCoracobrachialis喙肱肌喙肱肌喙肱肌喙肱肌n nBrachialis Brachialis 肱肌肱肌肱肌肱肌n nPosterior group triceps Posterior group triceps brachiibrachii肱三头肌肱三头肌肱三头肌肱三头肌前臂肌前臂肌n nSuperficial layerSuperficial layer(第一层
6、)(第一层)n nBrachioradialis Brachioradialis 肱桡肌肱桡肌肱桡肌肱桡肌n nPronator teres Pronator teres 旋前圆肌旋前圆肌旋前圆肌旋前圆肌n nFlexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌桡侧腕屈肌桡侧腕屈肌桡侧腕屈肌n nPalmaris longus Palmaris longus 掌长肌掌长肌掌长肌掌长肌n nFlexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌尺侧腕屈肌尺侧腕屈肌尺侧腕屈肌n nSecond layerSeco
7、nd layer (第二层)(第二层)flexor digitorum superficials flexor digitorum superficials 指浅屈肌指浅屈肌指浅屈肌指浅屈肌n nThird layerThird layer (第三层)(第三层)n nFlexor digitorum Flexor digitorum profundus profundus 指深屈肌指深屈肌指深屈肌指深屈肌n nFlexor pollicis longus Flexor pollicis longus 拇长拇长拇长拇长屈肌屈肌屈肌屈肌n nFourth layerFourth layer (第四
8、层)(第四层)pronator quadratuspronator quadratus 旋前方肌旋前方肌旋前方肌旋前方肌ActionAction:flex radiocarpal:flex radiocarpal joint and fingers,pronate joint and fingers,pronate forearmforearm腋窝周界及内容腋窝周界及内容周界周界:顶顶 底底 四壁四壁 Axillary fossa 腋窝腋窝n nThe axillary fossa is a The axillary fossa is a pyramid-shaped space pyrami
9、d-shaped space through which major through which major neurovascular structures pass neurovascular structures pass between the thorax and between the thorax and upper extremityupper extremityBoundaries Boundaries 边界边界边界边界 n nThe apexThe apex is a triangular is a triangular space limited by the first
10、 space limited by the first rib,the scapula,and the rib,the scapula,and the middle third of clavicle.middle third of clavicle.n nThe baseThe baseskin and fascia skin and fascia of the axillary fossa of the axillary fossa n n观察锁胸筋膜观察锁胸筋膜观察锁胸筋膜观察锁胸筋膜(锁骨下肌、胸小肌及喙突之间)(锁骨下肌、胸小肌及喙突之间)(锁骨下肌、胸小肌及喙突之间)(锁骨下肌、胸
11、小肌及喙突之间)及穿行的结构及穿行的结构及穿行的结构及穿行的结构(头(头(头(头V V,胸肩峰,胸肩峰,胸肩峰,胸肩峰A A和胸外侧和胸外侧和胸外侧和胸外侧NN),),),),并修洁之;并修洁之;并修洁之;并修洁之;n n修洁胸小肌;修洁胸小肌;修洁胸小肌;修洁胸小肌;n nThe anterior wall The anterior wall 前壁前壁前壁前壁n nPectoralis major,pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles Pectoralis major,pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles 胸
12、大、小肌,锁骨下肌胸大、小肌,锁骨下肌胸大、小肌,锁骨下肌胸大、小肌,锁骨下肌n nClavipectoral fasciaClavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜锁胸筋膜锁胸筋膜锁胸筋膜n nThe deep faxcia which extends between subclavius,coracoid process and pectoralis minor The deep faxcia which extends between subclavius,coracoid process and pectoralis minor musclesmusclesn nThe str
13、uctures pass through the clavipectoral faxcia The structures pass through the clavipectoral faxcia 穿锁胸筋膜的结构穿锁胸筋膜的结构穿锁胸筋膜的结构穿锁胸筋膜的结构n nCephalic v.Cephalic v.头静脉头静脉头静脉头静脉n nThoracoacromial a.Thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉胸肩峰动脉胸肩峰动脉胸肩峰动脉n nLateral pectoral nLateral pectoral n.胸外侧神经胸外侧神经胸外侧神经胸外侧神经 n nAxillary
14、sheathAxillary sheath 腋鞘腋鞘腋鞘腋鞘extension of deep cervical extension of deep cervical fascia of the neck,forming fascia of the neck,forming a tubular sheath that a tubular sheath that surrounds axillary a.and v.,surrounds axillary a.and v.,and brachial plexusand brachial plexus腋动脉 axillary A被被被被胸小肌胸小肌
15、胸小肌胸小肌分为三段。分为三段。分为三段。分为三段。第第第第一一一一段段段段 第第第第一一一一肋肋肋肋与与与与胸胸胸胸小小小小肌肌肌肌上上上上缘缘缘缘 (发出发出发出发出 胸上胸上胸上胸上A A)第第第第二二二二段段段段 胸胸胸胸小小小小肌肌肌肌后后后后方方方方(发发发发出出出出 胸胸胸胸肩峰肩峰肩峰肩峰A A、胸外侧、胸外侧、胸外侧、胸外侧A A)第第第第三三三三段段段段 胸胸胸胸小小小小肌肌肌肌下下下下缘缘缘缘至至至至大大大大圆圆圆圆肌肌肌肌下下下下缘缘缘缘(发发发发出出出出 旋旋旋旋肱肱肱肱前前前前、后后后后A A、肩胛下肩胛下肩胛下肩胛下A A)上肢的动脉上肢的动脉Axillary a
16、rtery 腋动脉腋动脉腋动脉腋动脉n nContinuation of subclavian artery at Continuation of subclavian artery at lateral border of first riblateral border of first ribn nBecomes brachial artery at lower border Becomes brachial artery at lower border of teres majorof teres majorn nDivided into three parts by overlying
17、 Divided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minorpectoralis minorn nFirst portion,above muscleFirst portion,above musclegives rise to gives rise to thoracoacromial a.thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉胸肩峰动脉胸肩峰动脉胸肩峰动脉n nSecond portion,behind muscleSecond portion,behind musclegives rise gives rise to to lat
18、eral thoracic a.lateral thoracic a.胸外侧动脉胸外侧动脉胸外侧动脉胸外侧动脉n nThird portion,below muscleThird portion,below musclegives rise to gives rise to subscapular a.subscapular a.肩胛下动脉肩胛下动脉肩胛下动脉肩胛下动脉,anterioranterior and and posterior humeral circumflex a.posterior humeral circumflex a.旋肱前、旋肱前、旋肱前、旋肱前、后动脉后动脉后动脉后
19、动脉;the former then divides into;the former then divides into throcodorsal a.throcodorsal a.胸背动脉胸背动脉胸背动脉胸背动脉 and and circumflex circumflex scapular a.scapular a.旋肩胛动脉旋肩胛动脉旋肩胛动脉旋肩胛动脉臂丛的主要分支外侧束分支外侧束分支外侧束分支外侧束分支 肌皮神经、胸外侧神经肌皮神经、胸外侧神经肌皮神经、胸外侧神经肌皮神经、胸外侧神经 正中神经外侧根正中神经外侧根正中神经外侧根正中神经外侧根内侧束分支内侧束分支内侧束分支内侧束分支胸内侧
20、神经、臂内侧皮神经、胸内侧神经、臂内侧皮神经、胸内侧神经、臂内侧皮神经、胸内侧神经、臂内侧皮神经、前臂内侧皮神经、尺神经、前臂内侧皮神经、尺神经、前臂内侧皮神经、尺神经、前臂内侧皮神经、尺神经、正中神经内侧正中神经内侧正中神经内侧正中神经内侧根根根根后束的分支后束的分支后束的分支后束的分支肩胛下神经、腋神经、肩胛下神经、腋神经、肩胛下神经、腋神经、肩胛下神经、腋神经、桡神经、胸背神经、胸长神经桡神经、胸背神经、胸长神经桡神经、胸背神经、胸长神经桡神经、胸背神经、胸长神经深层结构深层结构n n观察胸前筋膜观察胸前筋膜观察胸前筋膜观察胸前筋膜及腋筋膜,并及腋筋膜,并及腋筋膜,并及腋筋膜,并去除之;
21、去除之;去除之;去除之;n n修洁胸大肌,修洁胸大肌,修洁胸大肌,修洁胸大肌,在距起点在距起点在距起点在距起点2cm2cm处弧形切断该处弧形切断该处弧形切断该处弧形切断该肌,割断胸内肌,割断胸内肌,割断胸内肌,割断胸内侧神经和胸外侧神经和胸外侧神经和胸外侧神经和胸外侧神经,并向侧神经,并向侧神经,并向侧神经,并向外上翻至其止外上翻至其止外上翻至其止外上翻至其止点。点。点。点。n n在胸小肌的在胸小肌的在胸小肌的在胸小肌的起点处切断,起点处切断,起点处切断,起点处切断,并向外上翻;并向外上翻;并向外上翻;并向外上翻;n n观察穿过胸观察穿过胸观察穿过胸观察穿过胸小肌的胸内小肌的胸内小肌的胸内小肌
22、的胸内侧神经。侧神经。侧神经。侧神经。n n解剖腋淋巴解剖腋淋巴解剖腋淋巴解剖腋淋巴结,并去除结,并去除结,并去除结,并去除之。之。之。之。n n观察腋鞘。观察腋鞘。观察腋鞘。观察腋鞘。n n解剖腋鞘内解剖腋鞘内解剖腋鞘内解剖腋鞘内结构。结构。结构。结构。臂前区解剖臂前区解剖n1、保留浅静脉和皮神、保留浅静脉和皮神经,去除浅筋膜;经,去除浅筋膜;n2、去除深筋膜,修洁、去除深筋膜,修洁臂前群肌;臂前群肌;n3、解剖肱二头肌内侧、解剖肱二头肌内侧沟内结构;沟内结构;n4、解剖肌皮神经;、解剖肌皮神经;Musculocutaneous n.Median n.Medial brachial cuta
23、neous n.Ulnar n.Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.Superior ulnar coleteral a.Deep brachial a.Musculocutaneous n.Median n.Axillary a.Brachial a.Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.Medial brachial cutaneous n.Deep brachial a.Superior ulnar coleteral a.&Ulnar n.Inferior ulnar coleteral a.肘前区解剖肘前区解剖n n1 1、保留浅
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