原版英语RAZ 教案(S) Gems - Treasures from the Earth_LP.pdf

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1、Gems:Treasures from the EarthLesson PlanLeveLS S1 Learning AZ,Inc.All rights reserved.www.readinga-About the BookText Type:Nonfiction/Informational Page Count:24 Word Count:1,139Book SummaryGems fascinate almost everyone.They sparkle,shimmer,and glimmer with mystery and beauty.This book explains how

2、 gems are formed,how they are valued,and the processes by which they become jewelry.At the end of the book,students can read about some of the most famous gems.Photographs and diagrams support the text.Book and lesson also available at Levels v and Y.About the LessonTargeted Reading Strategy Make,re

3、vise,andconfirmpredictionsObjectives Make,revise,andconfirmpredictionstounderstandinformationaltext Understandcause-and-effectrelationshipsinnonfictiontext Identifyvarioussentencetypes PlacewordsinalphabeticalorderMaterialsGreen text indicates resources available on the website BookGems:Treasures fr

4、om the Earth(copy for each student)Chalkboardordryeraseboard Wordjournal(optional)Make,revise,andconfirmpredictions;causeandeffect;sentencetypes;alphabeticalorderworksheets Discussion cards Indicates an opportunity for students to mark in the book.(All activities may be demonstrated by projecting th

5、e book on an interactive whiteboard or completed with paper and pencil if the books are reused.)Vocabulary*Boldvocabularywordsalsoappearinapre-madelessonforthistitleonvocabularyAZ.com.Content words:Story critical:atoms(n.),crystals(n.),facets(n.),grain(n.),opaque(adj.),organic gems(n.)Enrichment:dis

6、solve(v.),evaporates(v.),minerals(n.)Before ReadingBuild Background Havestudentstellyouwhattheyknowaboutpreciousstones.Askwhethertheycandefine a gem and give examples.Preview the BookIntroduce the Book Givestudentstheircopyofthebook.Guidethemtothefrontandbackcoversandreadthetitle.Havestudentsdiscuss

7、whattheyseeonthecovers.Encouragethemtoofferideasastowhattypeof book it is and what it might be about.Gems:Treasures from the EarthLesson Plan(continued)LeveLS S2 Learning AZ,Inc.All rights reserved.www.readinga- Showstudentsthetitlepage.Discusstheinformationonthepage(titleofbook,authorsname).Introdu

8、ce the Reading Strategy:Make,revise,and confirm predictions Explaintostudentsthatgoodreadersoftenmakepredictionsaboutabookbasedontheseriesof events or information that is conveyed.As they read the book,readers revise or confirm their predictions based on what they learn from reading.Before reading a

9、 book,readers can use the title,photographs,and illustrations,or table of contents as the basis for making predictions.Introduceandexplainthemake-revise-and-confirm-predictionsworksheet.explain that some of thestatementsaretrueandothersarefalse.Havestudentsturntothetableofcontents.Invitethem look at

10、 the worksheet and suggest which sections might provide information about the statements.Modelusingthemake-revise-and-confirm-predictionsworksheettomakeaprediction.Think-aloud:There are several statements on the worksheet about the different types of gems.The first statement reads:Diamonds are forme

11、d by minerals being squeezed under layers of rocks.I know that diamonds are very hard gems and that something must become very hard if it is squeezed between rocks.Based on what I already know about diamonds and rocks,I predict that statement to be true.I will write true in the box next to the first

12、 statement on my worksheet.I think the section titled“How Are Gems Formed?”will provide me with the information I need to revise or confirm my prediction.Instructstudentstoreadthestatementsontheirmake-revise-and-confirm-predictionsworksheetand make their predictions by writing true or false next to

13、each sentence,based on what they already know about gems.Discusswithstudentsthatthereasonsbehindtheirpredictionsarewhatmaketheirpredictionsvaluable.Invite them to share their predictions and the prior knowledge they used to make each prediction.Reinforce that there are no right or wrong answers at t

14、his point.Asstudentsread,encouragethemtouseotherreadingstrategiesinadditiontothetargetedstrategy presented in this section.Introduce the Comprehension Skill:Cause and effect Revieworexplainthatacause is an event that makes something happen,and the effect is what happensbecauseof,orasaresultof,theeve

15、nt.Createatwo-columnchartontheboardwiththeheadings Cause and Effect.WritethefollowingsentenceontheboardundertheCause heading:I hit a baseball through a window.Modelidentifyingaseriesofcause-and-effectrelationships.Think-aloud:If I hit a baseball through a window,the window might break and I might ha

16、ve to pay for the window.If I had to pay for the window,I would have to take money out of my savings.If I had to take money out of my savings,I wouldnt have enough money to buy the item I was saving money for.Sometimes a cause and its effect cause other events to happen.Explaintostudentsthatthisisan

17、informationalbookthatprovidesfactsaboutgems.Itusesexplanatory text,which explains how different types of gems are formed and how gems are turned intojewelry.Pointoutthatanexplanationoftenincludescause-and-effectrelationships.Discusshowexplanationscanbetoldinstepsoraprocess,andwithinthesteps,often,ac

18、ause-and-effectrelationshipcanbefound.Havestudentslookforwordslikefirst,when,then,second,last,finally,and after.Point out that the steps continue in a certain order,possibly because one stepcausesanother.Havethemalsolookforactionverbsbecauseactionscansignalasequenceofevents.Check for understanding:R

19、ead page 7 aloud as students follow along.Ask:What is the purpose of the paragraph?Point out action verbs that show that something is happening.For example:form,squeezed,forces,melts,cools,and evaporates.Askstudentstopointoutonecause-and-effect relationship in the paragraph(mineral is squeezed,atoms

20、 arrange themselves in smallest shapepossible;mineralgetshot,melts,cools,sapphiresformed;mineralsdissolveinwater,waterevaporates slowly,mineral left behind forms crystal).Gems:Treasures from the EarthLesson Plan(continued)LeveLS S3 Learning AZ,Inc.All rights reserved.www.readinga-Introduce the Vocab

21、ulary Writethefollowingwordsfromthecontentvocabularyonlargepiecesofpaperandhangthemaround the room:atoms,crystals,and facets.Read each word aloud with students.Placestudentsinsmallgroupsandassigneachgrouptoawordposter.Havethemdiscusswhatthey know about the meaning of their word and write a definitio

22、n on the paper.encourage students to look carefully for root or base words to help them figure out the meaning of the word.Rotate the groups until each group has visited every word poster.Revieweachwordandtheinformationaboutthewordthatstudentswroteonthepaper.Createa definition based on their knowled

23、ge and write it on the board.Explaintostudentsthatsometimestheywillnotfindanycontextcluesthatdefineanunfamiliarword.Point out that a glossary or a dictionary is a good source to utilize in finding the definition of a word.Review how to locate a word and its definition in both the dictionary and the

24、glossary.Point out the similarities and differences between the two sources.Haveavolunteerreadthedefinitionforeachwordfromtheglossary.Comparestudentsdefinitionswiththeglossarydefinition.Usethecomparisontomodifythedefinitionforeachword on the board.Set the Purpose Asstudentsreadthebookhavethemusethei

25、rmake-revise-and-confirm-predictionsworksheettorevise or confirm their predictions as they learn more about gems.During ReadingStudent Reading Guide the reading:Havestudentsreadtotheendofpage7.Encouragethosewhofinishbeforeothers to reread the text.Modelrevisingaprediction.Think-aloud:I predicted tha

26、t the first statement on the worksheet was true:Diamonds are formed by minerals being squeezed under layers of rocks.As I read the second section,I learned that minerals are squeezed under layers of rocks to form diamonds over time.I read that the squeezing forces atoms to arrange themselves in the

27、smallest shape possible.Because the information in the statement was correct,I will write confirmpage7in the column next to my original prediction.If the statement was incorrect,I would have changed,or revised,the statement in the column to be a true statement,based on the information I had read so

28、far.I think statement number 8 is true,because I know that emeralds are very valuable.Ill have to read the rest of the book to find out.Encouragestudentstousetheinformationtheyvereadanddiscussedtoreviseorconfirmtheirpredictions.Statements1through3fromtheguidehavebeenaddressedsofar.Modelforstudents h

29、ow to think through whether or not their predictions were confirmed,and if not,why not.Helpthemtothinkaboutwhetherornotthereasonsfortheirpredictionswerevalid.Check for understanding:Havestudentsreadtotheendofpage9.Whentheyhavefinishedreading,have them share their predictions and the outcome of their

30、 predictions.Remind them to revise or confirm,changing false statements to true statements on their worksheet.Ask students whether statement number 4 was true or false(true).Point out that statement number 3 is false,and ask volunteers to read their revised statements from their worksheet.Independen

31、t practice:Havestudentsreadtheremainderofthebook.Encouragethemtocontinueto make,revise,and confirm their predictions on the worksheet as they read the rest of the book.Havestudentsmakeaquestionmarkintheirbookbesideanywordtheydonotunderstandor cannot pronounce.encourage them to use the strategies the

32、y have learned to read each word and figure out its meaning.Gems:Treasures from the EarthLesson Plan(continued)LeveLS S4 Learning AZ,Inc.All rights reserved.www.readinga-After Reading Askstudentswhatwords,ifany,theymarkedintheirbook.Usethisopportunitytomodelhowthey can read these words using decodin

33、g strategies and context clues.Reflect on the Reading Strategy Think-aloud:I predicted that statement number 8 on the anticipation guide was true:emeralds are the hardest natural things in the world.As I read page 15,I learned that my prediction was incorrect.I learned that diamonds are the hardest

34、substance on Earth and can scratch anything.A diamond can only be scratched by another diamond.I will write this information next to my prediction under the heading Revise orConfirmYourPrediction.Independent practice:Havestudentscompletetheirmake-revise-and-confirm-predictionsworksheet.Invite them t

35、o share their predictions,reasoning,and revisions,and to tell how their predictions related to the facts.Ask students to explain how the strategy of making,revising,and confirming predictions helped them understand and enjoy the story.Reflect on the Comprehension Skill Discussion:Havestudentstellyou

36、intheirownwordswhattheylearnedabouthowcrystalsareformed.Pointoutthecause-and-effectrelationshipsintheprocess.Emphasizethatthesequenceofeventsiscriticalbecauseoneeventcausesthenext.Havethemcheckthebooktoconfirmtheiranswers.Independent practice:Introduce,explain,and have students complete the cause-an

37、d-effectworksheet.If time allows,discuss their answers.Enduring understanding:In this book,you read about how gems are formed,what makes them valuable,and how jewelry is made.Now that you know this information,how does it make you feel about the jewelry that you see on people every day?Is it importa

38、nt to know the value of gems before shopping to buy jewelry?Why or why not?Build Skills Grammar and Mechanics:Sentence types Reviewthethreetypesofsentences:simple(subject,verb),compound(subject,verb,conjunction,subject,verb),and complex(phrase,subject,verb,phrase).Review that many sentences have obj

39、ects,or things that the subject and verb act upon.Objects do not affect the sentence type.Provideexamplesontheboardofeachtypeofsentence.Simple:Living things make organic gems(subject:Living things;verb:make;object:organic gems).Compound:Some crystals form cubes,but others form columns(subject:some c

40、rystals;verb:form;object:cubes;conjunction:but;subject:others;verb:form;object:columns).Complex:Stones often form in layers that make streaks and lines called the grain(subject:stones;verb:often form;phrase:in layers;phrase:that make streaks and lines called the grain).Explainhowtodeterminethediffer

41、encebetweenthethreetypesofsentences.Simplesentenceshavejustasubjectandverb,andsometimesanobject.Compoundsentencesaretwocompletesimplesentencesjoinedbyaconjunction.Complexsentencesaresimplesentenceswithaphraseattached.Review that a phrase is a part of a sentence that can have a subject,verb,or both,b

42、ut does not form a complete sentence.Review how to read a phrase standing alone to determine whether it is a phrase or a complete sentence.Independent practice:Introduce,explain,and have students complete the sentence types worksheet.If time allows,discuss their answers.Word Work:Alphabetical order

43、Revieworexplaintheprocessofputtingalistofwordsinalphabeticalorder.Remindstudentsthat if the first letter of two words is the same,they must compare the next two letters instead.Writethewordsgems and crystalsontheboard.Haveavolunteerexplainwhichwordwouldappear first in alphabetical order(crystals)and

44、 why(because c comes before g in the alphabet).Gems:Treasures from the EarthLesson Plan(continued)LeveLS S5 Learning AZ,Inc.All rights reserved.www.readinga- Writethewordsdiamonds and drill on the board.Point out that the words begin with the same letter(d).Ask a volunteer to tell which word would a

45、ppear first in alphabetical order and to explain his or her thinking(diamonds,because the second letter,i,in diamonds comes before the second letter,r,in drill).Writethewordsgeologist and gemstoneontheboard.Haveavolunteerexplainwhichwordwould appear first in alphabetical order(gemstone)and why.Check

46、 for understanding:Writethewordsminerals and miningontheboard.Havestudentswritethe words in alphabetical order and explain their thinking to a partner.Independent practice:Introduce,explain,and have students complete the alphabetical order worksheet.If time allows,discuss their responses.Build Fluen

47、cyIndependent Reading Invitestudentstoreadtheirbookindependently.Additionally,partnerscantaketurnsreadingparts of the book to each other.Home Connection Givestudentstheirbooktotakehometoreadwithparents,caregivers,siblings,orfriends.Havestudentsalsotakehometheirmake-revise-and-confirm-predictionswork

48、sheetandexplaintosomeone at home the process of making,revising,and confirming predictions.Extend the ReadingInformational Writing ConnectionProvide print and Internet resources for students to further research gems.Instruct them to select oneofthegemsfromthebookthattheywouldliketolearnmoreabout.Hav

49、ethemwriteareportonthatgemwithatleastthreesections,includinganintroductionandconclusion.Havethemcreate a table of contents and a glossary,and encourage them to add illustrations or photographs to their report.If time allows,invite them to read it aloud to the class.visit WritingA-Z for a lesson and

50、leveled materials on expository writing.Social Studies ConnectionProvide print and Internet resources for students to research the major gem mines and collection locationsaroundtheworld,andhavethemidentifythelocationsonaworldmap.Havestudentsalsoresearchtheminingtechniquesthatapplytoeachgem.Havethemf