Unit3高频词汇知识点清单高中英语人教版选择性.docx

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1、新教材人教版英语选择性必修第三册UNIT 3UNIT 3高频词汇知识点清单UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION目录高频词汇精讲1. starve vi. & vt.（使）挨饿；饿死2. release vt,释放；放开；发泄；公布n.释放；发行；解脱3. sustain vt,维持；遭受；承受住4. restrict vt.限制;限定；束缚；约束5. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制；侵袭；突然控制6. harmonious adj.和谐的7. submit vt.提交；呈递；认为；建议vt. & vi.屈服；顺从8. sensitive adj,敏感的；善解人意的

2、；灵敏的；体贴的；易生气的9. restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复；归还10. dozen n.（一）打；十二个11. inspection n.检查；查看；视察12. tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许高频词汇积累结构1. There is little/no doubt that.几乎没有疑问/毫无疑问结构2. with的复合结构直接引语和间接引语doubt v.无把握；不确信；怀疑。doubt后接宾语从句时，当主句为肯定句时，常 用if或whether弓|导宾语从句；当主句为否定句或疑问句时，常用that引导宾语从 句。 I doubt if/whether they can

3、 swim across the river.我怀疑他们能否游过河去。 I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time,我相信他能按时完成任务。doubt n.疑惑，不确定，怀疑without/beyond doubt毫无疑问；的确no doubt无疑,很可能be in doubt不确定；不肯定；没把握；拿不准have no doubt that ,.确信There is some doubt whether.是否有一些疑问。 No doubt our friendship will last forever.我们的友谊无疑会永远持续下去。（写

4、作一友谊） I have no doubt that with these suggestions you can make great progress.我确信有了这些建议你能取得巨大的进步。（写作一建议信） There is some doubt whether the drug can work.这种药是否会起作用还有一些疑问。结构2.with的复合结构Water pollution levels increased, with more household and mercial waste ending up in the river.由于更多的生活和商业垃圾最终进入江中，水污染程度

5、加重了。（教材P32）情景导学To be honest, I cant sleep with lights on even if the room is very quiet.老实说，即使房间很安静，开着灯我也睡不着觉。The children were making a snowman, with their hands red and cold.孩子们正在堆雪人，他们的手又红又冷。With a bunch of flowers in her hand, the girl ran to her mother and handed it to her with excitement and j

6、oy.女孩儿手里拿着一束花，她跑向妈妈，兴奋而快乐地把花递给了妈妈。（读后续写一动作描写）Im sorry that I cant hang out with you in the street with all these clothes to wash. 这些衣服都要洗，很抱歉我不能和你在街上闲逛。With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.所有需要的东西都买了，她高高兴兴地回家了。With darkness enveloping the forest, Jane was on the edge of the b

7、reakdown, totally at a loss what to do.夜色笼罩着森林，简处于崩溃的边缘，完全不知道该怎么办。（读后续写一环境、心理描写）用法归纳with的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成，在句中作状语或定语。其构成形 式如下：动词不定式；现在分词；过去分词Sentence 1译文 一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只熊像是饿死的。Sentence 2译文专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹, 于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。Sentence 3译文气候学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含 义：“

8、天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。Sentence 4译文 确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造 成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。Sentence 5译文气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持 续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。Sentence 6译文 我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响, 因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。直接引语和间接引语引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引 语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，并且不能用引号，这叫间接弓I语。直接引

9、 语和间接弓1语之间可以互相转换。直接引语变成间接引语时，通常借助宾语从句，要 注意以下几个问题：情景导学1She said, I am very happy to help you. She said that she was very happy to help me.用法归纳1直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由that引导宾语从句。情景导学2He asked me, uDo you like playing football?” He asked me whether/if I liked playing football.He asked me, “Can I do it or no

10、t? He asked me whether or not he could do it.用法归纳2直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由 whether/if引导宾语 从句。特别提醒大多数情况下，if和whether可以互换，但后面紧跟or not时，只能用whether,即 没有if or not的用法。但有if. . or not的用法。情景导学3My sister asked me, How do you like the film? 一My sister asked me how I liked the film.He asked Lucy, Where did you

11、 go?” He asked Lucy where she had been.用法归纳3直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词，如who、whom、whose、 how、when、why、where等引导宾语从句，语序要用陈述句语序。情景导学4They said, “We will go there by bus. They said they would go there by bus.She asked me, Are you interested in science? She asked me if I was interested in science.His moth

12、er said to me, He cant go to school. His mother told me that he couldnt go to school.用法归纳4由直接弓I语变为间接弓I语时宾语从句人称的变化规则：从句的主语人称要遵循“一主、 二宾、三不变”的原则，即：如果直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时要和 主句的 主语 人称保持一致；如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时 要与主句的 宾语 人称保持一致；如果直接弓I语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引 语时，人称不变。情景导学5The girl said, Im sorry for being late for

13、class. n The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.He says, “I have finished my homework. He says that he has finished his homework.She will say, Ill do it tomorrow.n She will say that shell do it the next day.The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun. n The teacher said that

14、 the earth moves around the sun.用法归纳5直接弓I语变为间接引语时，从句时态的变化规则：如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态变化如下表所示：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不变.直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，不管主句时态如何，从句的时 态不变。情景导学6She said, 11 will e this evening. 一She said that

15、 she would go that evening.He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now. He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.She said, “My brother wants to e with me. She said that her brother wanted to go with her.He said, These books are min

16、e.n He said that those books were his.用法归纳6指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化如下表所示：直接引语间接弓1语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis eveningthat eveningyesterdaythe day before/the previous daylast nightthe night before时间状语two days agotwo days beforenext weekthe next week/the following weektomorrowthe

17、 next day/the following daythe day before yesterdaytwo days beforethe day after tomorrowin two days time/two days after地点状语herethere方向性动词bringtakeego情景导学7The captain ordered, Be quiet.n The captain ordered us to be quiet.My teacher said, Dont laugh. My teacher told me not to laugh.用法归纳7如果直接引语是祈使句，变成

18、间接引语时，把动词原形变成 动词不定式，并根 据情况在其前加tell、ask、order等动词和相应的人称代词。注意：此种情况的否定 句，用不定式的否定式。即时巩固I ,将下列直接弓I语改为间接引语，每空一词1. 11 never smoke a cigarette, “ he said.He said that he never smoked a cigarette.2. He asked, uHow did you find the enterprise, Mother?He asked his mother how she had found the enterprise.3. The

19、teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.nThe teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.4. I bought the house 10 years ago, “ he said.一He said that hehad bought the house 10 years before .5. uDo you know where she lives? he asked me.一He asked me if/whethei

20、r I knew where she lived .II .将下列直接引语改为间接引语1. “Why are you fond of painting, Torn? asked Nancy. Nancy asked Tom why he was fond of painting.2. “Do you like psychology? Liu Ping asked Bob. Lu Pinq asked Bob if/whether he liked psychology.3. The teacher said to him, uBe confident.nThe teacher told him

21、 to be confident.4. Jenny said, ul changed my bad habits yesterday.n Jenny said that she had changed her bad habits the day before/the previous5. He asked me, uHow will Tom go to the party tomorrow? He asked me how Tom would qo to the party the next day/the following day.高频词汇精讲1. starve vi. & vt.（使）

22、挨饿；饿死An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从它尸体的姿势来看,这只熊似乎是饿死的。（教材P26） 情景导学They wanted to starve the enemies into giving in.他们想断绝敌人的食物来源以迫使他们投降。I was starving and rushed to put a ste

23、ak on the barbecue.我饿极了，赶紧把一块牛排放在烤架上。（译林选择性必修三）Teenagers are starved of/for freedom but they have to rely on their parents financially. 青少年缺少自由但是他们在经济上却不得不依靠父母。Many babies of the wild animals will starve to death if the parents cant feed them. 如果野生动物幼崽的父母不能给它们喂食，那么很多幼崽会饿死。用法归纳starve to death饿死be sta

24、rved/starving 饿得很be starvedof/for .缺乏；急需（主动语态starve A of/for B使A得不到所需要的B）starve sb. into （doing）sth,断绝食物（或资金）来源以迫使某人做某事starve sb. out以断绝食物来源迫使某人出来词汇拓展starvation n.饥饿；饿死；挨饿 die of/from starvation饿死Many people, especially those in povertystricken areas, are suffering from starvation. 许多人，特别是那些极端贫困地区的人

25、，正在遭受饥饿之苦。2. release vt.释放；放开；发泄；公布n.释放；发行；解脱The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.这种热量以更长的波长被释放回太空。（教材P27）情景导学The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. 这种植物会从正遭受啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质。（外研选择性必修一） The new film will go on release next week, and

26、I cant wait to watch it in the cinema. 这部新片将于下周公映，我等不及要去电影院观看了。Working out for half an hour in the gym will give you a release from the pressure of work.在健身房锻炼半小时会让你从工作压力中解脱。用法归纳动release. from sth.将从某物中放出来名qo onrelease（电影）公映，发行release from .从中解脱/释放3. sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住Without this process, Earth c

27、ould not sustain life.没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。（教材P27）情景导学If you dont do enough warmups, you might sustain an injury in the exercise.如果你不做足够的热身运动，你就可能在运动中受伤。用法归纳sustain an injury/injuries/damage/losses 受伤/遭受损失词汇拓展sustainable adj,可持续的；合理利用的sustainability n,持续性sustained ad持续的，持久的As we all know, sustainability

28、 has bee an important aspect of business. That is to say, it is important to sustain the sustainable development of the economy. If you do so, your pany will get sustained development.众所周知，可持续性已经成了商业的一个重要方面。也就是说，维持经济的可持续发 展是重要的。如果你这么做，你的公司将得到持续的发展。4. restrict vt.限制;限定；束缚；约束We as individuals can also

29、 reduce our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.作为个人，我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。 （教材P27）情景导学In some regions, the school restricts class sizes to 30 students.在一些地区，学校把班级规模限定在30人。You can restrict yourself to smoking two cigarettes a day so as to g

30、ive up smoking gradually.你可以限制自己每天只抽两支烟，以逐渐把烟戒掉。（写作一健康建议）用法归纳restrict.to .把限制/控制在restrict sb. /oneself to （doinq）sth,限制某人/自己只做某事词汇拓展restriction n. C限制规定；限制法规；U约束Keep in mind that there are speed restrictions on this part of the road.记住这段路有限速。restricted adj.有限的；受限制的；仅限的be restricted to.仅限于The aim of

31、the education is not restricted to learning knowledge or skills.教育的目的不仅仅限于学习知识和技能。5. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制；侵袭；突然控制It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts.抓住每一个机会来教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响是我们的责任（教材P27）情景导学She tried in vain t

32、o seize the gun from the attacker.她试图夺走攻击者的枪，但没有成功。Though a number of attempts have been made, the army cant seize control of the city.尽管尝试了多次，这支军队还是不能攻占这座城市。With the exhibition around the corner, I think you should seize the opportunity to experience Chinese paper cutting.展览会即将来临，我认为你应该抓住这个机会体验一下中国

33、剪纸。（写作一邀请信）In the big fire, the firefighter spotted a girl who was seized with fear. He quickly seized the girl by the arm and took her out of the fire.在大火中，消防员发现了一个充满恐惧的女孩。他迅速抓住女孩儿的胳膊，把她从大 火中救了出来。（读后续写一场景描写）用法归纳seize sth.from .从抓住/夺取某物seize a chance/an opportunityto do sth,抓住机会做某事seize sb.by the+身体

34、部位抓住某人的某个部位seize control of攻占,夺取be seizedwith /by.充满（某种情绪）特别提醒seize表示抓住某人或某物时，可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语，如seize my hand,也 可用seize sb. bythe+身体部位”结构，表示身体部位的名词前通常只能用定冠词 the,不能用其他冠词或代词。6. harmonious adj.和谐的.promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature.促进人与自然之间的和谐关系（教材P28）词汇拓展harmoniously adv,和谐地；协调地Anim

35、als know how to live harmoniously in their natural environment.动物知道如何在自然环境中和谐生存。harmony n,和谐；协调；融洽；和睦 in harmony和谐地；融洽地be in harmony with.与和谐；与协调The new office is in harmony with the surroundings, and we work in harmony here. 新办公室与周围的环境很协调，我们在这里工作很融洽。7. submit vt.提交；呈递；认为；建议vt. & vi.屈服；顺从According t

36、o the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. 根据研究人员提交的报告，每年二氧化碳排放总量的20%到25%是对热带雨林的破坏 造成的。（教材P28） 情景导学These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons. Besides, I even submitted my

37、 own fiction to Youth.这些故事可以减轻我的压力，开阔我的视野。此外，我还向Youth提交了自己的小说。 （2021全国新高考I ）Although we got stuck in trouble, by no means could we submit （ourselves） to the difficulties and hardships.虽然我们陷入了困境，但我们绝不能屈服于这些艰难困苦。Considering that you want to improve your spoken English, I submit that you should seize t

38、he chance to speak more English with foreigners in the summer camp. 考虑到你想提高你的英语口语，我认为你应该抓住机会在夏令营中和外国人多说英语。 （写作一建议信） 用法归纳submit （oneself） to .屈月艮于submit. . to .把提交给/呈递给submit that.认为8. sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的；体贴的；易生气的Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic?为什么核能是一个敏感的话题呢？（教材P29）情景导学Some young peop

39、le are very sensitive about/to their appearance. 有些年轻人对自己的外表很敏感。She is afraid to eat cold food because her teeth are sensitive to it.她害怕吃冷的食物，因为她的牙齿对冷的食物过敏。The person I respect is my English teacher, who is very sensitive to every students feelings.我尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他十分体谅每一个学生的感情。(2020全国I ) 用法归纳be sensit

40、iveto .体谅；对敏感/过敏(2)be sensitive about/to .对神经过敏；易因生气 词汇拓展sense n.感觉官能；感觉，意识；理解力；判断力；见识v.感觉到；意识到sensible adi.明智的；合理的；切合实际的;理智的sensitively adv,谨慎细致地；小心地胄景助记be sensitive to对敏感 体贴be sensitive to/about9. restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复；归还.urgent steps should be taken to restore the rivers original beauty.应采取紧急措施来恢复

41、河流往日的美丽。（教材P32）情景导学The boy has restored the wallet to its owner,这个男孩已将钱包归还给了它的主人。Ive had a quarrel with Peter, and Im trying to restore relations with him.我和彼得吵架了，我正在努力恢复和他的关系。Beautifully restored to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincolns home for 17 years.被漂亮地修复成I860年的样子,这座房子1

42、7年来一直是亚伯拉罕和玛丽林肯的家。（2021浙江）用法归纳rest。re 一.to.使恢复rest。re sth.to sb.把某物归还给某人restore relations with sb,与某人恢复关系10. dozen n.（一）打；十二个Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.许多污染企业被关闭或搬迁。（教材P32）情景导学The guests arrived in dozens/by the dozen.客人大批到达了。They sold four dozen boxes of such candies last

43、week. 上星期他们卖了 48箱这样的糖果。Though you have dozens of eggs here, I just want two dozen of these eggs.虽然你这里有许多鸡蛋，但我只想要其中的两打。Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen puter parties.马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有许多家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。 （2021天津）用法归纳数词/several/a few+dozen（几打/数十个）修饰名词时，doze

44、n不加s,后面也不用介 词of。但如果dozen后面有these、those、them、us等词时，dozen后要接of。a dozen 一打/十二个/许多dozen表示概数时，不与具体数字连用，其后加s,并加of,即dozens of,表示 许多 ”。in dozens=by the dozen大量地；大批地情景助记11. inspection n.检查；查看；视察At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses.与此同时，他们

45、开始定期进行检查，并对旅游机构的违规行为进行罚款。（教材P33） 情景导学On closer inspection, many new problems arose.经进一步检查发现，很多新的问题产生了。These books are available for inspection here but cant be borrowed from the library. 这些书在这里可供查阅，但不能从图书馆借出。When the security guard went on a tour of inspection of the offices, he found a thief lookin

46、g through some important files in the drawer.当保安巡视办公室时，他发现一个小偷正在浏览抽屉里一些重要的文件。用法归纳a tour of inspection 巡视for inspection 供查看（3） on closer inspection 经进一步检查词汇拓展inspect vt.检查；查看；视察inspect sb. /sth, for .检查某人/某物看看有没有Before handing in the paper, youd better inspect it for spelling mistakes.在上交试卷之前，你最好检查一下，看看有没有拼写错误。inspector n.检查员；视察员a health/safety inspector卫生/安全检查员12. tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.村民们再也不能忍受这种状况了。（教材P34）情景导学I cant tolerat