2024届高考英语复习完形填空解题方法讲义.docx

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1、英语完形填空解题方法完形填空的命题特点决定了它的答题步骤。完形填空的文章是一篇不完整的短文，一般而言, 设空处多为信息性强的关键词语。因此，考生做完形填空最忌操之过急，见空就填。要想做好完 形填空，必须从整篇文章入手，通篇考虑，联系上下文，运用逻辑思维进行比较判断，这样才能 选出既符合句意，又符合上下文语境的最佳答案。一般来说，当考生拿到一篇完形填空时，可采用略读、跳读和精读相结合的方法来通读文章。 首先，跳过空格，快速浏览全文，从整体上了解短文的主旨大意，判断文章的写作背景，掌握作 者的写作意图，把握文章展开的线索等信息。其次，精读短文并解题，根据第一遍浏览时的印象, 查找相关信息点。然后细

2、读，根据语意、层次结构和内容的逻辑关系三条线索，运用所学知识， 准确理解句意，选出符合文章语境的正确答案。最后验证答案，题目做完后将选择的答案放入文 中重读一遍，从语意、逻辑及结构等方面全方位验证答案。需注意的是，如果没有绝对的把握，应以第一遍的答案为准。方法一首句概览法一般来讲，高考完形填空的首句不设空，这样便于考生厘清思路，抓住文章线索，判断文章 体裁并了解故事梗概。如根据2021年6月浙江卷完形填空的首句My mother is 92.可预测本文是 讲发生在作者母亲身上的事情。例1 2021年6月浙江卷My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of

3、 town, each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor; providing _37_ and transportation.37. A. rewardB. medicineC. companyD. shelter解析c句意：我母亲92岁了。除非我必须出城，不然每周我都带我的母亲去购物和看医生， 提供陪伴和交通工具。由文章第一句话可知，母亲92岁了，所以作为子女，作者每周都陪伴母亲去购物和看医生。故 37空答案选C项。方法二语境推测法近几年高考英语完形填空的一个最大特点是对语境的考查。语境就是指文章的上

4、下文关系，包括 文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，空格的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多），所以考生在 做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，弄清文章的结构和内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选 项，从中选出正确答案。对于那些一时无法确定答案的题，考生不要局限于空格前后的小范围语 境，要把视野扩大到全文。有时，某些空格一旦和整篇短文联系起来，答案就会显而易见。例2 2021全国甲卷8. A. consider9. A. cut down10. A. evening11. A. hard12. A. admit13. A. hungry14

5、. A. freedom15. A. space【语篇解读】B. forget8. put downB. morningB. easyB. allowB. angryB. valueB. soulC. recallC. pulled downC. afternoonC. busyC. celebrateC. homelessC. goalsC. stomachD. graspD. shut downD. momentD. normalD. imagineD. helplessD. memoriesD. family主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为食物而引发的感想：好的食

6、物可 以填饱肚子，而充满爱和回忆的食物可以抚慰人的心灵。【答案解析】1. B有哪些食谱可以勾起你的记忆呢？ refresh one s memory使某人想起。2. A我是个差劲的厨师，每次从烤箱里拿出没烤糊的东西，我都会感到喜出望外(amazed)。3. B 但偶尔(occasionally),我也会很幸运。4. A制作(Making)德式松饼让我想起了我生活中的一些美好记忆。5. C即使我把它们烤糊了，它们也一直很受欢迎。hit很受欢迎的人或事物。6. B孩子们长大后，我已经很多年不常做德式松饼了，除了节日或其他特殊场合。wake up醒来;grow up 长大成人； turn up 出现

7、；give up 放弃。7. A当家庭聚会(reunion)时，我会做德式松饼当早餐。8. C在今天之前，我回忆(recall)不起来上一次做德式松饼是什么时候了。9. D我知道那是一年多以前的事了，此后COVID 19让我们的生活停止运转，我们也不再有人 来家里做客。cut down减少；put down记下；pull down摧毁；shut down停止运转。10. B那我今天早上(morning)为什么只给我和我丈夫做呢？上文的This morning对此空有提示。11. A对我们所有人来说，这是艰难的(hard)一年，许多事情我们都不能去做。12. C我渴望庆祝(celebrate)我

8、们还活着。13. A好的食物可以喂饱饥饿的(hungry)人。14. D但如果它是充满爱和回忆(memories)的，它能使心灵(soul)充满对美好未来的希望。15. B参见上题解析。5江苏南京师范大学附属中学2021届高三下二模I was feeling terrible after I was diagnosed （诊断）with cancer. I asked the nurses to keep the door closed and the curtains _1_. Every bit of noise or light seemed to _2 the pain.One mor

9、ning, a man knocked on the door; asking to clean the room. I answered without any _3_，hoping he would finish quickly and go away.“You should open these curtains and _4_ some sunshine, “ the man said as he pulled them open.“It s a beautiful day! ” Ididn t _5_and kept my eyes closed. He would see that

10、 I didn? t want to _6. But he began to hum （哼唱）softly while cleaning. Couldn t he read my 7?“Do you like music? ” he asked.“I 8 do, but Im not feeling well today/Oh, I will cheer you up. I love music, too/ Now he began to _9_ a bit louder.I opened my _10_ now, and we began to talk. He told me his _1

11、1_ experience of unemployment and hopelessness. ZZA few days ago, I got this job. It doesnt pay much, but I love 12 the patients/He certainly made it. My_13_really changed after that. And _14_, my cancer was discovered early and I was alive. Every day, I open the curtains and let the sunshine into m

12、y life. That was the best _15_ I d ever received.1. A. straight2. A. prove3. A. enthusiasm4. A.let in5. A. smile6. A. breathe7. A. lips8. A. hardly9. A. read10. A. eyes11. A. valuable12. A. curing13. A. attitude14. A. accidentally15. A. news【语篇解读】B. shabbyB. easeB. mercyB. cut offC. shutC. transferC

13、. doubtD. care aboutE. wrinkledD. sharpen D.concernD. stare atB. answerB. sleepB. statementsB. obviouslyB. singB. mindB. practicalB. entertainingB. treatmentB. strangelyB. adviceC. understandC. leaveC. signalsC. possiblyC. cryC. windowsC. riskyC. examiningC. intentionC. fortunatelyC. giftD. listenD.

14、chatE. wordsD. usuallyD. laughD. doorD. painfulD. attendingD. personalityD. clearlyD. comment主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇记叙文。作者在确诊癌症后心烦意乱，一位清洁工的建议让他 对待癌症和生活的态度发生了转变。【答案解析】1. C我让护士们关上门，把窗帘拉上(shut)。2. D每一点声音或每一点光线似乎都加剧(sharpen)了疼痛。3. A我毫无热情(enthusiasm)地回答，希望他快点打扫完，然后离开。4. A “你应该把这些窗帘拉开，让阳光进来。”那人边说边拉开窗帘。let in允许进入；

15、cut off阻 挡；care about 关注；stare at 注视。5.B我没有回答(answer)并且一直闭着眼睛。6. D他会看出来我并不想聊天(chat)。7. C他难道不能读懂我的信号(signals)吗？8. D我平常(usually)喜欢音乐，但我今天感觉不太好。9. B他开始唱(sing)得更大声了。10. A我睁开眼睛(eyes),随后我们开始交谈。11. D他告诉我他失业和绝望的痛苦(painful)经历。12. B虽然报酬不高，但我喜欢逗病人开心。entertain使快乐。13. A从那以后，我的态度(attitude)真的改变了。14. C幸运的是(fortunat

16、ely),我的癌症被发现得早，我还活着。15. B这是我收到的最好的建议(advice)。6山东济南市十一校2021届高三下4月联考When Amanda Moore noticed that the new student from Mexico always sat alone at lunch, she decided to befriend Rafael Anaya. She also noticed that he _1_ to understand English. Then she used the Google Translate app to handwrite a lett

17、er in Spanish asking him to _2 her for lunch. Her action _3_ her the “Student of the Month award for October at school.Actually, Rafael always _4_ because he felt so lonely. He always ate lunch alone and I felt _5_ about that, “ Amanda said. She knew he spoke Spanish and he seemed lonely. She spent

18、the whole afternoon _6_ writing the letter, using the app to help her.The next day Amanda handed the letter to Rafael and waited for his 7. It wasnt until their math class that he said yes The two had been _8_ together for lunch ever since. The letter helped Rafael feel more comfortable and encourag

19、ed him to _9_ his English harder. I think for Rafael it made a huge _10_, “ said their teacher. He really wants to learn English to talk to Amanda.v The two used hand gestures and Google Translate for _11_ now but they hoped it would become _12_ when RafaeT s English improved. And, Amanda was learni

20、ng some _13_.Amanda, s mother felt deeply moved by her daughter, s_14_. ult is just so sweet, “ she said. Ithink this _15_ is special. ”1. A. appeared2. A. excuse3. A. saved4. A. wept5. A. bad6. A. painfully7. A. arrival8. A. sitting9. A. look up10. A. noise11. A. competitionB. happenedB. joinB. cos

21、tB. listenedB. curiousB. hurriedlyB. commentB. waitingB. work onC. differenceB. cooperationC. struggledC. leaveC. earnedC. sleptC. cautiousC. carefullyC. appreciationC. cookingC. show offC. markD. explanationD. managedE. payD. offeredD.fellD. doubtfulD. correctlyD. replyD. laughingD. talk ofD. whole

22、D. communication12. A. easier13. A. English14. A. idea15. A. devotion【语篇解读】B. shorterB. psychologyB. actionB. sufferingC. strongerC. mathC. attitudeC. friendshipD. harderD. SpanishD. contributionD.dependence主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇记叙文。来自墨西哥的Rafael Anaya不熟悉英语且总是一个人 吃午饭，Amanda Moore发现后借助翻译软件用西班牙语写信邀请他一起吃午饭，后来他

23、们建立 了特别的友谊。【答案解析】1. C她还注意到他努力(struggled)理解英语。2.B然后，她借助谷歌翻译软件抄写了一封用西班牙语写的信，请他和她一起(join)吃午饭。3. C她的举动使她获得了(earned)学校10月份的“月度学生”奖。4. A实际上，Rafael总是哭泣(wept),因为他感到很孤独。5. A Amanda说：“他总是一个人吃午饭，对此我感到难过(bad)。6. C她借助翻译软件花费整个下午的时间认真地(carefully)写这封信。7. D第二天Amanda将信交给Rafael,等待他的答复(reply)。8. A从那以后，两人一直坐(sitting)在一起

24、吃午饭。9. B这封信使Rafael感到更加自在，并激励他更加努力地学习英语。look up查找；work on努 力改善；show off炫耀;talk of谈论。10. B他们的老师说：“我认为对于Rafael来说，这产生了巨大的影响。make a difference有 作用；有影响。11. D这两个人现在使用手势和谷歌翻译软件进行交流(communication),但他们希望当Rafael的 英语水平提高时，交流会变得更容易(easier)。12. A参见上题解析。13. D Amanda也在学一些西班牙语(Spanish)。14. B Amanda的母亲被女儿的举动(action)深

25、深感动。15. C我认为这种友谊(friendship)很特别。7山东青岛市2021届高三下5月二模A mother of three in Cowdenbeath, Scotland, was awarded for what she did in the middle of a snowstorm last week.Charlene Leslie was 1_ to a local shop for some food with her two kids when she spotted a truck full of milk 2_ to summit （攀登）a hill in a

26、high street. Its front wheels were spinning （旋转）on the icy road, and it was stuck in all the snow. My neighbor appeared, so I asked her to _3_ the kids while I pushed it from the back. _4_, it made it safely to the top, “ Charlene recalled.Then her good deed _5_. After the video of Charlene pushing

27、the truck up a hill spread _6_ on the Internet, a few _7_ viewers nicknamed her “Wonder Woman”. The Family Dairy, the owner of the delivering truck, also 8_ her heroic act.“The lady s _9_ was incredibly kind. What a _10_ she was to our company! As a heartfelt thank you, Charlene and her family will

28、receive a year, s 11_ of free milk, “ the Chairman of the company told a local newspaper.“I simply _12_ that it is your _13_ to help others if they are in trouble. I really didn t help out to get anything _14_, but I am absolutely delighted at their generous _15_, “ the mother laughed.1. A. seeing2.

29、 A. struggling3. A. watch4. A. Hopefully5. A. caught on6. A. widely7. A. astonished8. A. checkedB. headingB. expecting C.B. freeB. ImmediatelyB. paid offB. easilyB. interestedB. copiedC. contributing pretendingC. guideC. SurprisinglyC. showed upC. uselesslyC. impressedC. forgotD. replyingD. hesitati

30、ngD. controlD. EventuallyD. faded awayD. strangelyD. satisfiedD. recognized9. A. promise10. A. relief11. A. application12. A. explain13. A. duty14. A. with delight15. A. donation【语篇解读】B. intentionB. pityB. examinationB. confirmB. honorB. in detailB. offerC. methodC. problemC. supplyC. believeC. turn

31、C. in returnC. tipD. planD. blessingD. saleD. ensureD. abilityD. with luckD. policy主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇记叙文。Charlene帮助把一辆装满牛奶的卡车推上了斜坡。她 做好事的视频在网络上被广泛传播，她得到了牛奶公司的感谢。【答案解析】1. B Charlene Leslie带着两个孩子去(heading)当地一家商店买吃的，这时她看到一辆装满牛奶的 卡车正艰难(struggling)地要爬上大街上的斜坡。2. A3. A4. D5. B消失。参见上题解析。我的邻居来了，所以当我从后面帮忙推车时，我请她

32、照看(watch)孩子。最终(Eventually),它安全到达了坡顶。她的善行得到了回报。catch on流行起来;pay off获得回报;show up显露；fade away逐渐6. A Charlene推着卡车上坡的视频在网上被广泛(widely)传播后，对她印象深刻的(impressed)一些 观看者们给她起了个“神奇女侠”的绰号。7. C参见上题解析。8. D 送货卡车的所属公司The Family Dairy也正式感谢(recognized)了她的英雄行为。9. B这位女士的意图(intention)非常友好。10. D她是我们公司的福气(blessing)啊!11. C为了表示

33、衷心的感谢，Charlene和她的家人将获得一年的免费牛奶供应(supply)。12. C我只是相信(believe),当别人有困难的时候，帮助他们是你的责任(duty)。13. A参见上题解析。14. C我真的没有想通过帮助别人来得到任何回报，但我对他们的慷慨提议(offer)非常高兴。with delight开心地;in detail详细地;in return作为报答；with luck幸运地。15. B参见上题解析。8河北唐山市2021届高考三模The phone rang in my office. It was my father. Did you feel that I 1_ yo

34、u as a child ? ” he asked me.“No, I said in a burst of _2.Dad was silent and then hung up. I sat there, _3_. But it was a relief to have _4_ told him the truth. My father was an alcoholic. He abused me a lot. Growing up with him had never been a true _5_ for me. Even as an adult, I suffered from the

35、 _6 scar and never spoke to him.Several weeks later; to my _7_,he told me he was making _8_ attempts to stop drinking. At thatmoment, I realized that I couldn t 9_ problems between us and expect them just to disappear.I tried to visit him. But deep in my heart, I was nervous. Would he _10_ me like b

36、efore? He was really like a different person. But _11_ he was peaceful and polite, only one flash of the old Dad would make me want to 12 him.In the following visits, he told me his _13_，which made me understand his character. I learned Dadhad had a difficult life, but he was trying to be a better p

37、erson and reduce my _14 I began to _15_ him then, and it helped me open my heart and feel whole.1. A. loved2. A. energy3. A. smilingB. failedB. honestyB. shakingC. hatedC. laughterC. whisperingD. neededD. embarrassmentD. praying4. A. partly5. A. dream6. A. emotional7. A. shame8. A. exciting9. A. pre

38、dict B.10. A. treat11. A. as though12. A. leave13. A. hobby14. A. cost15. A. follow【语篇解读】B. temporarilyB. experienceB. physicalB. amusementB. clumsybury C. faceB. comfortB. now thatB. believeB. planB. painB. admitC. finallyC. sorrowC. smallC. surpriseC. weakD. casuallyD. delightD. newD. regretD. sin

39、cereD. handleC. entertainC. given thatC. changeC. pastC. riskC. admireD. challengeD. even thoughD. understandD. successD. pressureD. forgive主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇记叙文。小时候的作者因酒鬼父亲的虐待而留下了严重的心理 创伤。长大后，当父亲决定戒酒时，作者开始原谅父亲，自己也得到了解脱。【答案解析】1. A你觉得小时候我爱过(loved)你吗？2. B“没有。”我突然诚实(honesty)地说。3. B我坐在那里，浑身发抖(shaking)。4. C

40、但终于(finally)把真相告诉了他，这让我松了一口气。5. D跟着他长大对我来说从来都不是一件真正令人高兴的事(delight)。6. A即使成年后，我还是受这种情感(emotional)创伤的折磨，从来不与他说话。7. C几周后，令我惊讶(surprise)的是，他告诉我他是真心(sincere)努力要戒酒。8. D参见上题解析。9.B在那一刻，我意识到我不能把我们之间的问题掩藏(bury)起来，并期望它们消失。10. A他会像以前那样对待(treat)我吗？11. D但是，即使他很平和、很有礼貌，但是只要想到他以前的老样子，我就会想离开(leave)他。 as though 似乎；no

41、w that 既然;given that 考虑到;even though 即使。12. A参见上题解析。13. C在接下来的拜访中，他告诉了我他的过去(past),这使我理解了他的性格。14. B我知道父亲有过艰难的生活，但他在努力做一个更好的人，减轻我的痛苦(pain)。15. D从那时起，我开始原谅(forgive)他，这帮助我打开了心结。9山东潍坊市2021届高三5月三模It was a small graduation party. Only Ed, Max, Raul and I were there. All three men, each over the age of fift

42、y, had achieved a _1_ in their lives. They could _2_.Overcoming decades of _3_ and a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy （文盲）, these three men had signed up for a free three -month course, taught by me.“I take the bus every day to work for over thirty years, “ said Ed. Just yesterday I _4_ what

43、 the words Emergency Exit, mean. Max reported that he was 5_ to understand much of Monday s newspaper sports article on his beloved Dallas Cowboys._6_, his break time was spent _7_ to read in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret. As our final night came to a close, R

44、aul took my hand between his rough ones: “You gave me a 8_. You gave me a new life.”Being so young, I did not grasp the full _9_ of his simple statement until my own gray hairs appeared, a（n） 10 downturn （衰退）robbed me of my work and income security. Now I m the _11_ of my former pupils and my future

45、 needs a restart button. I 12 that limiting my destiny （命运）because of my age or my lack of skills is _13_. A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me as long as I have the courage to _14_ it out and work for it.Like Ed, Max and Raul, I am determined to make a new life for myself.

46、They _15 me a lesson I/llnever forget.1. A. first2. A. work3. A. fear4. A. heard about5. A. likely6. A. Ultimately7. A. learning8. A. future9. A. purpose10. A. educational11. A. age12. A. forget13. A. crucial14. A. seek15. A. spared【语篇解读】B. medalB. surviveB. lonelinessC.careerC. readC.threatB. looked through8. able9. Lately10. continuing11. choice12. wisdom13. scientific14. exampleB. realizeB. reasonableB. letB. taughtC. put forwardC. curiousC. PreviouslyC. managingC. breakC. knowledgeC. physicalC. imageC. doubtC.