【Week4-5】精读讲义 20240126 版权到期“米老鼠”恐怖电影上映 ★★★★☆.pdf

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1、经济学人双语经济学人双语 版权到期，“米老鼠”恐怖电影上映 Week4 周五 字数 753 words 难度系数 全文导读 迪士尼初代“米老鼠”形象已于 2024 年年初到期，随后以米老鼠形象为主角的惊悚片纷纷官宣，引发公众对版权问题的新一轮关注。从权贵阶级的特权到保护创作者权益的武器，现代版权制度逐步发展。随着生成式人工智能的兴起，出版商与创作者们也要探索版权保护的新方式。重难点讲义&全文翻译 A new book looks at the past and future of copyright 一本新书审视版权的前世与未来 Whether it benefits creators or

2、fuels inequality depends on who you ask 版权到底有利于创作者，还是加剧不平等现象？答案取决于询问对象 look at to view or consider sth in a particular way（用某种方式）看待，考虑 Looked at from that point of view,his decision is easier to understand.从那个角度来看，他的决定比较容易理解。copyright /kpirat/n.the legal right to be the only producer or seller of a

3、book,play,film,or record for a specific length of time 版权;著作权 Who owns the copyright of this book?谁拥有这本书的版权？fuel /fjul/v.to make something,especially something bad,increase or become stronger 使恶化;使更强烈 His words fuelled her anger still more.他的话火上浇油，使她更愤怒了。扫码听音频 新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 61/15Para.1 If Wal

4、t Disney were still alive,he would be dismayed at the new film role given to his signature character,Mickey Mouse,as a slasher hunting teenagers in an old arcade.The trailer for“Mickeys Mouse Trap”was released on January 1st.That is the day the copyright of“Steamboat Willie”,the short film that intr

5、oduced Mickey Mouses character in 1928,expired.This early version of Mickey is now in the public domain.Walt Disney 华特迪士尼（1901-1966），美国著名动画制作人、企业家、娱乐产业先驱。华特迪士尼创造了米老鼠、唐老鸭等经典动画角色。dismayed /dsmed/adj.feeling unhappy and disappointed 诧 异 的，失 望 的+at/by sthHe was dismayed at the change in his old friend.他

6、对老朋友变化之大感到震惊。signature /snt(r)/n.something that is closely related to an event,person,or style明显特征，鲜明特色 Smiths signature singing style 史密斯标志性的演唱风格 Mickey Mouse 米老鼠，迪士尼公司代表性形象之一。米老鼠首次亮相是在一部名为威利号汽船的动画短片中。米老鼠一直代表着迪士尼的创意和娱乐精神，米老鼠的成功奠定了迪士尼公司在全球娱乐产业中的不败地位。slasher /sl(r)/n.a person who kills or injures peo

7、ple using a knife 杀手 词根 slash arcade /ked/n.a place where you can play games on machines which you use coins to operate 游戏机厅；电动游乐场 arcade games 游戏机厅里的电子游戏 划线句 原文为 If Walt Disney were still alive,he would be dismayed【本句为虚拟语气，假设华特迪士尼在世，他一定会非常惊愕】at the new film role【介绍让迪士尼惊讶的对象一新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 62/

8、15个新角色】given to his signature character【修饰 the film role，这个电影角色由迪士尼标志性形象扮演】,Mickey Mouse【即米老鼠】,as a slasher【米老鼠在这部影片中扮演一个杀人狂魔】hunting teenagers in an old arcade【修饰 a slasher，介绍电影情节，这个杀人狂在游乐场中追杀青少年】.trailer /trel(r)/n.an advertisement for a new film or television show电影、电视节目的新片预告，预告片 词根 trail Mickeys

9、 Mouse Trap 电影米老鼠的捕鼠夹，本片为首部以米老鼠形象为主角的恐怖片，在电影中米老鼠化身割喉杀手，追杀一群年轻人。本片仅使用了进入公有领域的“威利汽船米奇”形象。Steamboat Willie 动画片 威利号汽船，于 1928 年播出，该片是全世界第一部有声动画片，此片的问世标志着米老鼠形象的正式诞生。威利号汽船中的米老鼠和现代米老鼠形象有所不同，没有经典白手套和超大号的鞋子，同时眼睛是黑色的小椭圆形，没有瞳孔。expire /kspa(r)/v.to be no longer valid because the period of time for which it could

10、 be used has ended（因到期而）失效，终止；到期 When does your driving licence expire?你的驾照什么时候到期？SYN run out domain /dmen/n.an area of activity,interest,or knowledge,especially one that a particular person,organization etc deals with活动、兴趣或知识的领域，范围，范畴 This problem is outside the domain of medical science.这个问题不属于医学范

11、畴。public domain 公有领域，知识产权术语。进入公有领域是作品不必经任何授权或许可而被任何人使用的状态。作品在两种情况下进入公有领域：（1）保护期届满；（2）在一个根本没有版权法的国家。新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 63/15Para.2 如果华特迪士尼（Walt Disney）还在世，看到自己创造的经典角色“米老鼠”在一部新影片中成为了在老旧游乐场中追杀青少年的杀人狂魔，一定会惊掉下巴。电影 米老鼠的捕鼠夹（Mickeys Mouse Trap）于 1 月 1 日公布了预告片。这一天也是动画片威利号汽船（Steamboat Willie）版权到期的日子，这部短片于 1

12、928 年上映，带领“米老鼠”这一角色首次进入公众视野。这部影片中的初版米老鼠形象现在已经进入公有领域。Even before the arrival of a murderous mouse,the field of copyright has been full of dramatic turns,as a new book,“Who Owns This Sentence?”,recounts.That is because“copyright is an edifice of words resting on a long and complicated string of metaph

13、ors and double meanings,”write the authors David Bellos,a professor at Princeton,and Alexandre Montagu,a lawyer.Over centuries artists,authors,lobbyists,publishers and public officials have defined and redefined the meaning of copyright,with debate and legal changes happening beyond the public eye.m

14、urderous /mdrs/adj.very dangerous and likely to kill people 杀气腾腾的;可能杀人的;凶残的 murderous drug dealers 凶恶的毒品贩子 SYN savage 词根 murder turn /tn/n.a sudden or unexpected change that makes a situation develop in a different way突如其来或意外的变化，转变 My career had already taken a new turn.我的事业有了新的发展。recount /rkant/v.t

15、o tell someone a story or describe a series of events 叙述;描述 Alan recounted how he and Joyce had met.艾伦讲述了他和乔伊丝的认识经过。edifice /edfs/n.a system that has been established for a long time 由来已久的体系 It looks as if the whole political edifice of the country is about to collapse.整个国家的政治体系似乎即将崩塌。edifice 本义为宏伟的

16、建筑，本文使用其引申义 rest on/upon sth to be based on a particular idea or set of facts 根据，以为基础 The case against my client rests entirely on circumstantial evidence.对我当事人不利的证据都是旁证。string /str/n.a number of similar things or events coming one after another 一连串，一系列事件等 a string of hit albums 一系列热门专辑 SYN series m

17、etaphor /metf(r)/n.a word or phrase used to describe sb/sth else,in a way that is different from its normal use,in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful,for example She has a heart of stone;the use of such words and 新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 6

18、4/15Para.3 phrases 暗喻；隐喻She uses some wonderful images and metaphors in her writing.她在作品中用了很多出色的意象明喻和暗喻。lobbyist /lbist/n.someone who tries to persuade a politician or official group to do something 说 客 Lobbyists for the tobacco industry have expressed concerns about the restriction of smoking in pu

19、blic places.烟草行业派来的说客对公共场所的吸烟禁令表示担忧。正如新书版权归谁所有所述，其实早在凶残的米老鼠出现之前，版权领域已然出现过很多重大变化。因为“版权的基石就是一长串复杂的隐喻和双重含义，”本书作者普林斯顿大学教授大卫贝洛斯（David Bellos）和律师亚历山大蒙塔古（Alexandre Montagu）写道。几百年来，艺术家、作家、说客、出版商和公职人员一直在赋予版权不同的定义，在公众视野之外一次次地进行争辩和法律变革。Initially an authors right to their creative output was a question of honou

20、r.Hermodorus,a student of Plato,published notes he took from Platos lectures without permission,which incensed the philosopher.Privileges,a precursor to copyright,emerged in the 15th century in Venice,where authorities gave skilled craftsmen a seven-year monopoly over luxury goods they produced.Amon

21、g those who profited from Venices system was Johannes of Speyer,an apprentice of Johannes Gutenberg,maker of the printing press.initially /nli/adv.at the beginning 起初 Stan initially wanted to go to medical school.斯坦最初想进医学院。right /rat/n.if someone has the rights to a book,film,television programme et

22、c,they are allowed to sell it or show it 书、电影、电视等的版权，发行权+to The studio bought the rights to his new book.电影公司买下了他新书的版权。Plato 柏拉图，古希腊伟大的哲学家，也是整个西方文化中最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一。柏拉图和老师苏格拉底，学生亚里士多德并称为希腊三贤。新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 65/15incense /nsens/v.to make someone very angry 使某人十分愤怒 Spectators were incensed by the re

23、ferees decision.观众对裁判的判决极为愤怒。privilege /prvld/n.a special advantage that is given only to one person or group of people 特权，特殊待遇 He had no special privileges and was treated just like every other prisoner.他不享受特殊待遇，对待他就像对待其他犯人一样。【在原文中，privileges 指的是印刷特权，威尼斯共和国在 15 世纪末授予印刷商印刷特权，这便是版权的前身。】precursor /pri

24、ks(r)/n.something that happened or existed before something else and influenced its development事物的前身，先驱+of/to a precursor of modern jazz 现代爵士乐的先驱 SYN forerunner craftsman /krftsmn/n.a skilled person,especially one who makes beautiful things by hand 工匠；手艺人；工艺师 It is clearly the work of a master craft

25、sman.很明显这是工艺大师的作品。monopoly /mnpli/n.if a company or government has a monopoly of a business or political activity,it has complete control of it so that other organizations cannot compete with it垄断;独占;专营 For years Bell Telephone had a monopoly on telephone services in the US.贝尔电话公司多年垄断着美国的电话服务。profit

26、 /prft/v.to get money from doing something从某事中获利+by/from Some industries,such as shipbuilding,clearly profited from the war.某些行业，例如造船业，显然从这场战争中获利了。apprentice /prents/n.someone who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn a particular skill or job 学徒，徒弟 She works in the hair

27、dressers as an apprentice.她在美发店当学徒。Johannes Gutenberg 约 翰 古 腾 堡（1398-1468），德国发明家。他是西方活字印刷术的发明人，他的发明掀起了一场媒体革命，迅速地推动了西方科学和社会的发展。printing press /prnt pres/n.a machine that produces books,newspapers,etc.by pressing a surface covered in ink onto paper 印刷机 最初，作者对其创作成果享有的权力只是一份荣誉。柏拉图（Plato）的学生赫尔谟德鲁斯（Hermod

28、orus）在未经许可的情况下发表了他从柏拉图演讲中摘录的笔记，这一行为激怒了柏拉图。版权的前身特权，最早出现于 15 世纪的威尼斯，在当局的许可下，当地的能工巧匠对其生产的奢侈产品拥有七年垄断权。有很多人从这一制度中获利，施派尔家族（Speyer）的约翰内斯（Johannes）便是其中之一，他是印刷机制造商约翰古腾堡（Johannes Gutenberg）的徒弟。新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 66/15Para.4 Authors and artists did not always benefit.Powerful publishing syndicates treated bo

29、oks like property and profited from selling the works of Chaucer,Milton,Shakespeare and others.Britains Statute of Anne,the first copyright law regulated by government and the courts instead of private parties,came into effect in 1710 and gave authors rights to their works for a limited time(though

30、booksellers and publishers could buy the books before the copyright expired and claim to own the rights perpetually).（翻译作业）But it was a decision by the House of Lords in 1774,reasserting term limits for copyrighted works,that fully established copyright in Britain and served as the beginning of mode

31、rn copyright law in the West.syndicate /sndkt/n.a group of people or companies who work together and help each other in order to achieve a particular aim 辛迪加；企业联合组织；财团；私人联合会 a syndicate of banks 由银行组成的集团 Chaucer 杰弗雷乔叟，英国小说家、诗人、英国文学史上的开山鼻祖。其著作有坎特伯雷故事集，公爵夫人之书等。乔叟被公认为是中世纪英国最伟大的诗人之一，英国诗歌的奠基人，被后人誉为“英国诗歌之

32、父”。Milton 约翰弥尔顿，英国诗人、政论家，民主斗士。代表作品有长诗 失乐园、复乐园和 力士参孙。弥尔顿是英国历史上伟大的艺术家，被称为英国文学史上伟大的六位诗人之一。Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚，英国文艺复兴时期剧作家、诗人。被誉为“人类文学奥林匹斯山上的宙斯”。代表作有罗密欧与朱丽叶仲夏夜之梦哈姆雷特等。新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 67/15Para.5 Statute of Anne 安娜女王法（或安娜法令），是 1709 年英国议会通过的世界上第一部版权法，于 1710 年生效。该法案是全球首部规范版权保护的法律，成为了版权制度的重要起点和里程碑。party

33、 n.one of the people or groups who are involved in a legal argument or agreement 法律争议或协议的一方 helping the two parties to reach an agreement 有助于双方达成协议 come into effect if a law,rule,or system comes into effect,it officially starts 生效/开始实施 New controls come into effect next month.下月开始实施新的管制措施。perpetuall

34、y /pptli/adv.always or very often 永远，常常 Shes perpetually asking me for money.她没完没了地向我要钱。House of Lords 上议院，英国议会的两院之一，议员包括王室后裔、世袭贵族、终身贵族、上诉法院法官和教会大主教及主教。英国下议院的英文为 House of Commons。reassert /rist/v.to make other people recognize again your right or authority to do sth,after a period when this has been

35、 in doubt 重申；坚持 She found it necessary to reassert her position.她觉得有必要重申她的立场。term /tm/n.a fixed period of time during which someone does something or something happens某人做某事或某事发生的时 期，期 限;任 期 the maximum term of imprisonment 最长的刑期 copyrighted /kpiratd/adj.Copyrighted material is protected by a copyrig

36、ht.有版权的 They used copyrighted music without permission.他们未经许可使用了有版权的音乐。划线句 原文为 But it was a decision by the House of Lords in 1774【该句为强调句，强调英国上议院1774年做出了一个决定】,reasserting term limits for copyrighted works【具体解释该决定，上议院重申了版权保护需要明确期限】,that fully established copyright in Britain【修 饰decision，该决定标志着英国版权制度的

37、建立】and served as the beginning of modern copyright law in the West【served 与 established 并列，该决定也标志着西方现代版权法的开端】.作家和艺术家并非总能从中受益。权势极大的出版集团视书籍为财产，通过出售乔叟（Chaucer）、弥尔顿（Milton）、莎士比亚（Shakespeare）等文学家的作品获利。（翻译作业）但是，1774 年英国上议院再次明确对版权作品的保护存在期限，这一决定彻底确立了英国的版权制度，并成为西方现代版权法的开端。Mr Bellos and Mr Montagu argue that

38、copyright has gone from a right that favours creators to something more akin to a privilege for the rich and powerful.Two major legal developments led to this.First,in the 新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 68/15Para.6 early 1900s a skirmish over printing posters for a travelling circus redefined the meaning of a

39、uthorship to include employers of artists.In other words,companies could own copyrights.Second,in 1976 the meaning of literary works was adjusted so that computer software was included.akin to sth very similar to something 与某物相似的，与某物类似的 Something akin to panic overwhelmed him.一种类似惊恐的感觉使他不知所措。划线句 原文为

40、Mr Bellos and Mr Montagu argue that copyright has gone from a right that favours creators【修饰 right，说明起初著作权对创作者有利】to something more akin to a privilege for the rich and powerful【后来，版权逐渐成为了权贵阶级的特权】.skirmish /skm/n.a short argument,especially between political or sports opponents尤指政治或体育运动对手间的小争论，小冲突，口角

41、 Bates was sent off after a skirmish with the referee.贝茨和裁判发生冲突后被罚下场。travelling /trvl/adj.going from place to place 旅行的；巡回的；流动的 a travelling circus/exhibition/performer 巡回马戏团、展览、表演者 authorship /p/n.the fact that you have written a particular book,document etc 作者身份 Theres no evidence to dispute his c

42、laim to authorship.他声称是原作者，没有证据可以驳斥他。贝洛斯和蒙塔古认为版权已经从有利于创作者的权利演变成更类似于权贵阶级手中的特权。两次法律界的重大变革导致了这一变化。首先，在二十世纪初期，一场围绕巡回马戏团印刷海报的争论重新定义了“作者”这一概念，将艺术家的雇主也纳入作者的范畴。换句话说，公司可以拥有版权。后来，在1976 年，著作的含义进行了调整，计算机软件也算在其中。Intellectual property is now among Americas chief exports.About a third of the 50 richest people in t

43、he world derive their fortunesin whole or in partfrom copyrighted goods.Some creators have benefited handsomely(Bruce Springsteen,for example,sold his music catalogue to Sony for a reported$550m in 2021).But many have not.“Copyright is the elephant in the room when it comes to understanding the orig

44、ins of the wealth gap in modern societies,”the authors write.intellectual property something which someone has invented or has the right to make or 新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 69/15Para.7-8 sell,especially something that cannot legally be copied by other people 知识产权 derive /drav/v.to get something,especial

45、ly an advantage or a pleasant feeling,from something 得到，获得优势或愉快的感受derive sth from sth Medically,we will derive great benefit from this technique.从医学的角度来讲，我们将从这一技术中受益匪浅。in part partly;to some extent 部分地；在某种程度上 Her success was due in part to luck.她的成功在某种程度上是由于运气好。handsomely /hnsmli/adv.very well or to

46、 a great degree 可观地，丰厚地 She said if his results were good,she would reward him handsomely.她说如果他取得好成绩，她会给他丰厚的奖励。Bruce Springsteen 布鲁斯斯普林斯汀，美国摇滚歌手、作词作曲家。斯普林斯汀曾获得20 座格莱美奖、两座金球奖、一座奥斯卡奖、一座托尼奖。2016 年他获得奥巴马总统授予的总统自由勋章。Sony 索尼音乐娱乐公司，2021 年索尼音乐以超过 5.5 亿美元的价格购买了布鲁斯斯普林斯汀的母带录音版权和词曲版权。这是音乐界首笔 5 亿美元的艺术家曲库交易。the e

47、lephant in the room a problem or question that everyone knows about but does not mention because it is easier not to discuss it 明摆着的难题；众所周知却避而不谈的事 The elephant in the room was the money that had to be paid in bribes.难题明摆着，就是要出钱行贿。知识产权现在是美国的主要出口产品之一。在全球排名前五十的富豪中，约三分之一大佬的财富或多或少来自受版权保护的产品。一些创作者也赚得盆满钵满，

48、例如布鲁斯斯普林斯汀（Bruce Springsteen）在 2021 年以 5.5 亿美元的价格将其曲库出售给索尼音乐。但许多创作者并没有从中获益。“版权其实是形成现代社会贫富差距的根本原因之一，但很多人忽视了这一点，”作者写道。Today the newest frontier of copyright is generative AI,which allows people to create images,prose and sounds based on prompts.Artists have called AI“vampirical”because it scrapes pre-

49、existing content for training.Some writers and artists,such as Sarah Andersen,a cartoonist,have taken AI giants to court over copyright infringement.“Were not necessarily fighting for AI to go away,but if our work is going to be involved in these systems,we would like to be credited,”Ms Andersen say

50、s.She also argues that artists should be compensated and be able to opt out of having their work used to train AI models.新英文外刊公众号 2 0 2 4-1-2 610/15frontier /frnt(r)/n.the limit of sth,especially the limit of what is known about a particular subject or activity（学科或活动的）尖端，边缘 to push back the frontier