03 续写接话的构思与设计-2024年高考英语一轮复习读后续写必备微技能(策略+PPT).docx

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1、03 续写开头的构思与设计续写开头的作用及宏观设计策略 如何写好读后续写在高考中博取阅卷老师的眼球获得梦寐以求的高分？如何让学生的作品在高考中脱颖而出获得高分？这是很多老师和学生一直在不懈努力的课题。那么，读后续写的开头如何写呢？可以使用哪些写作技能和手法？我们知道，一个好的故事开头就好比是一堂成功的课的导入，能够迅速抓住学生和老师们的兴趣，并且愿意听下去，跟着授课老师的思路走。一个好的故事开头就好比是一个带着香味十足的诱饵，诱使读者上钩并且饶有趣味地看完。而一个拙劣的故事开头，定会让读者大倒胃口，恹恹欲睡。可见，写好一个好故事的好开头是多么的重要。以下就是语篇交际中的常用接话技巧：1.模糊表

2、达模糊表达是人们在听话过程中，觉得回答对方的话语或是在承接对方话语时，不愿、不便、或是不能直接正面回答，从而选择一种界限不清的模糊表达方式，如以喻代答、就轻避重、巧换概念、以问代答等，这样既保护了自身，又起到了委婉、含蓄、谦虚、礼貌等交际 效果。（1）以喻代答式的接话技巧：有些问题用纯理性的语言或许难以准确表达或是难 以使人确切理解，而若采用比喻的方式则可能产生更好 的表达效果。（2）就轻避重式的接话技巧：交际中往往会碰到对方向自己征询意见而自己迫于保全对方面子的需要不便于直接表达的情况，此时，我 们常常会对问题采用就轻避重的方式予以回答。（3）模棱两可式的接话技巧：:当说话者向听话者提出的问

3、题，听话者不能给予十 分明确的回答时，听话者在接话时常会采取一种模棱两 可的回答方式。这样，既没有违反合作原则，也很好地遵循了礼貌原则。（4）巧换概念式的接话技巧：巧换概念也是我们在接话过程中常用的模糊表达手 段，即故意在接话时将对方话语中的某个句子或是某个语词作出另一角度上的理解或是与之截然相反的阐释，实现一种巧妙的接话。（5）以问代答式的接话技巧：在交际过程中我们会碰到对于对方所提的问题并不 了解的情况。而有时，出于维护自身尊严又出于礼貌回应对方的需要，我们可采用一种间接地以问代答的方式模糊表达自己实际并不知情的事实。2.重复话轮交际过程中， 接话者在听取说话人讲述时，可能会 觉得说话人讲

4、的其中某一句话或某几个词是话题的重点，抑或是认为有值得更进一步探讨的话语，接话人往往会在接话过程中重复前说话人话语里的某个词语或是 某句话语来继续话轮的进一步展开。重复不仅是以此来 强调自己和说话人的关注点相同，更重要的是对说话人 的认同，满足说话人被尊重被关注的需要，是对一致准 则的遵守。话轮的重复可以分为简单性重复和归纳性重复。（1）简单性重复：简单性重复是指接话人对上一说话人的话语进行完 全性重复，不改变上一说话人的语词、语义，只是一种强调似的简单的重复。这样的重复既是对话轮的衔接， 又是对上一说话人的礼貌回应。（2）归纳性重复：归纳性重复是指对对方所说的话语进行总结性归纳，是为了使对方

5、觉得自身的话语得到了倾听，受到了重视， 也是为了加强受众的印象。3.巧用礼貌用语礼貌用语包括一些谦敬语称呼语、委婉语等。巧礼貌用语，是礼貌原则制约下的又一接话技巧。（1）使用谦敬称呼语：用谦语贬己，用敬语扬人。用谦敬称呼语尽量抬高对方、贬低自己， 以示自谦和对对方的尊敬， 使双方在以礼相待中和谐对话，是礼貌原则的贬己尊人 准则的显著体现。（2）使用委婉语：委婉语是指人们在交谈过程中，碰到一些不愿或不便直接表达的名物、动作或是心理时，常用含蓄、温和、 文雅、无刺激性的语言代替生硬、直接、粗俗、带刺激 性的语言，从而消除或淡化交际中产生的不愉快。交际过程的“润滑剂”。在接话过程中，人们常用委婉语

6、来达到一种理想的交际效果，体现了礼貌原则在接话过 程中的运用效果。续写接话的构思与设计的微观技巧 1.用副词显现做出动作反应时的时间特征等例如： (2016. 10浙江卷)Para1：But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest. 【分析】用时间时间副词承接所给首句中的“it getting dark again”，同时衔接后文的环境描写“the darkness ruled the forest”。副词衔接自然、顺畅。

7、2.用形容词（短语）凸显人物的情感情绪例如： （1）(2016.10浙江卷)Para 1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Desperate and hopeless, Jane knelt down, tears streaming down her face. 【分析】用形容词短语“ Desperate and hopeless”凸显了人物的情绪状态，与后面的动作“knelt down”一起再现了情境中的人物的精神状态。 （2）(2016.10浙江卷)Para 2: It was daybreak w

8、hen Jane woke up. Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance. 【分析】用“状态形容词+as/though 引导的倒装句”结构体现了人物早上起来后的精神状态。 （3）(2018.06浙江卷)Para 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let

9、out a cry to stop my horse. 【分析】用“情绪形容词+从句”结构阐释了人物见到兔子后的心理反应。（4）(2018.06浙江卷)Para 2: We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. 【分析】用并列的表示心理状态的形容词，体现了人物心力交瘁的状态。 3. 用分词（短语）体现人物的心理变化等例如：（1） (2016.10浙江卷) Para1: But no more helicopters ca

10、me and it was getting dark again. Feeling disappointed, Jane had to stay alone for another night. 【分析】用“现在分词+情绪形容词”结构体现了人物失望的心理状态。（2）(2016.10浙江卷) Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Feeling refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.【分析】用“现在分词+状态形容词”结构传递了人物早上醒来后的精神状

11、态。4. 用直接引语增强情境效果 例如：(2017.06浙江卷)Para 1: The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Get into the car. Paul shouted at Mac. 【分析】用含有祈使句的直接引语与首句提示中的“abruptly stopped”形成呼应，进一步烘托了紧张的情境。5. 添加背景描写以烘托场景例如：(2017.11浙江卷)Para 2: We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. I looked

12、out of the car window, winding rivers, lofty mountains, sunny beaches and deep valleys holding me entirely in their fascination. 【分析】用“视觉+环境描写+拟人修辞”结构与首句提示语中的“lots of great sights”遥相呼应，再现了美丽风景对视觉的冲击效果。6.引入新动作创造新的情境例如：(2017.11浙江卷)Para 1: The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought wi

13、th us. Dad exchanged a glance with me. Why not camp to satisfy Mom? 【分析】用“动作描写+问句衔接”结构承接首句提示语创造了一个新的情境，即“露营”。7. 借助声音效果增强描写功效例如：BOOM, CRASH! The wind was howling outside of my house. We were having a terrible thunder storm. I was very scared.【分析】用“ howling”这一声效进一步拓展了首句所设定的情境效果。8.用疑问句引出新的话题或对事件的新的看法例如

14、：Why does trouble always follow me around? Do I have a kick me sign on my back or something?【分析】用一般疑问句承接首句的特殊疑问句，进一步凸显了作者对“trouble”的看法。写作策略实践与强化1阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。I worked at a local university and our office was staffed with a few student workers. One of the students was a member

15、 of an amateur soccer team that needed a player. She overheard me talking to another student about how Id always wanted to play soccer, but never got the chance. The soccer player offered to let me come and try out for the position. I was excited and scared. Excited at the thought of doing something

16、 Id always wanted to do, but scared that I was too out of shape and too old to keep up with athletic twenty-year-olds. There was no harm trying out, though. I agreed to be on the field for practice. My husband and children thought I was crazy but I didnt care. I didnt move much while doing my job at

17、 the university and Id just taken up running to turn back the clock a little. I had all the mom responsibilities, too. Between my work and family responsibilities, finding time for myself seemed impossible, but I knew playing soccer with kids would motivate me to keep active. I showed up with butter

18、flies in my stomach and low expectations. I just knew once they saw how out of shape I was, theyd let me kick the ball a few times and then look for a younger girl. During drills, I was slow and got breathless easily, but my desire to do that made me drive forward. Maybe they were touched by my spir

19、it or maybe they just needed a playerthey let me in anyhow. I couldnt have been happier! They took my shirt size, jersey (球衣) number and my team name. I chose “Mama Platt” because it was what a couple of the students called me, and I chose my dads soccer number from high school: 7. I still remember

20、the moment I stood in a sporting goods store. Was that really happening? I couldnt believe it. These girls were actually going to let me be a part of the team!注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。In order not to let my team down, I decided to improve myself. _We won our first game, our second and ou

21、r third. _2阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Early in my teaching career, I heard countless excuses for why students didnt hand in their homework. As time passed, I quit accepting any excuse other than a verifiable(能证实的)death in the family.When I was transferred to an inner-city middle school, I

22、took my no-nonsense attitude with me.”No excuses, no extensions!“ I warned my eighth graders on the first day of school. I collected homework at the beginning of each class. When a student didnt have it, I never asked why. Instead, I sighed loudly, shook my head andwith the student looking onrecorde

23、d a zero in the grade book. I soon gained the reputation I thought I wanted.Then, one afternoon, shortly after the dismissal bell rang, Anthony approached me.”Could I talk to you a minute?“ he asked shyly, not taking his eyes off the floor.”I know you said it doesnt matter why we dont have our lesso

24、ns done, but I dont want you to think Im a lazy student because I come to school without my homework so often.“Anthony looked up at me for the first time, and I could see that his eyes were watering.”Its just that my dad moved out, and my mom waits tables at night, so I have to take care of my littl

25、e brothers. Sometimes they cry a lot, and it makes it hard to concentrate.“I put my hand on Anthonys thin shoulder.”Why are you just now telling me ”I stopped in mid-sentence. I knew why. So I changed the question.“Would it help if you stayed here in my classroom after school and worked on it before

26、 you go home?”He swallowed hard and nodded.The next day, I announced to all my students that Id be offering an after-school study hall Monday through Friday.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Anthony was the first student to show up._I learned a lot from the case of Anthony._3阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续

27、写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Frog is a wise and brave frog, living happily with his neighbors as well as good friends Duck, Pig, Hare and Rat. One day, dark clouds were gathering in the sky, hiding the sun from view. “Its going to rain,” thought Frog happily. The first drops were already falling on his bare skin

28、. Frog loved the rain. He danced for joy as the raindrops fell thick and fast, which was a bit too much even for Frog.He ran home dripping wet and made himself a nice hot cup of tea. The raindrops pattered against the window but it was cozy inside. After three days of rain however, Frog began to fee

29、l restless. He wondered how his friends were, because he hadnt seen them since the rain started.On the fifth day, the river began to rise. It wasnt long before water came streaming into Frogs house. Full of worry, he hurried over to Ducks house only to find it was flooded as well. Wading (蹚) through

30、 the watery landscape, they decided to go to Pigs house. Pig was leaning out of his attic (阁楼) window. “All my things are wet,” he cried desperately. The room was in a mess, with tables and chairs floating around. “Lets go and see Hare,” suggested Frog.Hares house was on an island in the middle of t

31、he water. Hare stood at the door and waved to them. “Come inside,” he shouted. “Its dry in here.” Gratefully, they dried themselves in front of the stove and told Hare how their houses had been flooded. Hare invited them to stay as theres plenty of room and plenty of food in the house. So they all s

32、at down to a big pot of stew (炖菜) Hare had made. So hungry were they that they ate everything up. Then they settled down to a cosy evening and stayed there for days, while outside it kept raining.注意:1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Then, one day, they found they only had one loaf of bread left._P

33、ig, Duck and Hare cheered when they saw Frog return in a boat._参考答案1In order not to let my team down, I decided to improve myself. I ran as much as I could around my neighborhood to get in better shape and improve my speed. Passing the ball was the most challenging part for me because I was not flex

34、ible enough, so I did much practice in private. When it was time for the team drill, I would always show up on time and try my best to cooperate with my teammates. After months of practice, I was able to do my part successfully! Anyway, I felt prepared for the coming games!We won our first game, our

35、 second and our third. Some nights we played two games back to back. It was exciting, tiring and the most fun I had ever had in my life! We only lost once during the entire season and ended up winning the championship. It was the experience of a lifetime! I turned thirty-nine while playing soccer wi

36、th college kids. I remember driving home after the last game and realizing that taking chances could open doors to opportunities you had never considered possible!【写作指导】本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了作者在39岁时参加了一支业余女子足球队，在经过了几个月的努力练习之后，作者终于和全队成员赢得了赛季冠军的故事。【解析】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“为了不让我的团队失望，我决定提高自己。”可知，第一段可描写作者是如何进行锻炼并为赛季

37、做准备的。由第二段首句内容“我们赢得了第一场、第二场和第三场比赛。”可知，第二段可描写作者和队员们取得胜利的过程。2.续写线索：参加足球队被球队接纳刻苦训练取得胜利感悟3.词汇激活行为类做好准备：feel prepared for/make preparation for获得冠军：win the championship/win a title做很多训练：do much practice/do a lot of training情绪类令人疲惫的：tiring/exhausting令人感兴趣的：exciting/appealing【典型表达】高分句型1 I remember driving ho

38、me after the last game and realizing that taking chances could open doors to opportunities you had never considered possible!（由从属连词that引导的宾语从句作realizing的宾语和省略了关系代词that引导的定语从句）高分句型2 When it was time for the team drill, I would always show up on time and try my best to cooperate with my teammates.（由连词

39、when引导的时间状语从句）2Anthony was the first student to show up. A couple of days later, another student joined him. Before long, I had a room full of eighth graders who sometimes stayed until five oclock to work on their lessons. I seldom asked them what made it impossible for them to finish their homework in time. Instead, I listened to their stories and problems, and managed to make up for the lessons they had missed. Meanwhile, some students offered to help each other. Seeing happy smiles on their faces, I knew their confidence were bu