牛津译林版英语8B Unit1 Past and present知识点.pdf

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1、18B Unit1 Past and present【Comic strip&welcome to the unit】1.Eddie,have you seen my food?Yes.Ive just seen eaten it.Youve changed,Eddie.【知识点一知识点一】：】：现在完成时现在完成时(1)have/has+done(1)The only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you _(not find)it yet,keep looking.(2)Do you know that we won the

2、football match?Yes,I _ the news.A.hearB.to hearC.have just heardD.just have heard(3)Shes been to shanghai before,_?A.isnt sheB.hasnt sheC.has she【知识点二知识点二】：】：just(1)(adv.)刚刚，刚才，方才(2)just 常常用于现在完成时中如：Youre too late,the train has just left.(3)just now 用于一般过去时中，相当于 a moment ago(4)相关短语：just then“就在那时”也是

3、一般过去时如：The train left just now/a moment ago.(1)Im not hungry because I have _ had lunch.A.everB.neverC.justD.still(2)Wheres John?He _just_(go)to the teachers office.(3)I couldnt go into the roomI _(1ose)my key just now【知识点三知识点三】：】：change(1)(v.)改变change.into.：变成(2)可数名词：改变如：There are many changes in o

4、ur country.(3)不可数名词：零钱(1)Great changes _ in our hometown.A.has happenedB.has taken placeC.have taken placeD.have been happened(2)So far,our country _ a lot.Yes,I agree with you.A.changeB.changedC.changesD.has changed2(3)Everything _ in our school since 2009.Now,it _ very modern.A.is changed;is looke

5、dB.is changed;looksC.has changed;is lookedD.has changed;looks(4)There _ great changes in such kind of PDAs(常上电脑)in the last few years.A.has beenB.have beenC.has hadD.have had2.You used to be so kind to me!【知识点一知识点一】：】：used to(1)过去常常used to do sth过去经常，以前常常；否定式 didnt use 或者 usednt；此处 to 是动词不定式符号，后加动词原

6、形be/get used to doing sth习惯于（做某事）；此处 to 是个介词，后加名词或动名词be used to do sth（被动语态结构）被用来做某事【难点】：used to do sth 的否定句和疑问句形式自身否定自身否定：used not to do sth=usednt to do sth助动词否定助动词否定：didnt use to do sth如：I used not to like milk.I didnt use to like milk.自身疑问自身疑问：Used+主语+to do sth助动词疑问助动词疑问：Did+主语+use to do sth?如：U

7、sed she to like Tom?=Did she use to like Tom?反义疑问句反义疑问句：Usednt+主语+to do sth?Didnt+主语+use to do sth?如：Used she to like Tom?Did she use to like Tom?【拓展】there bethere used to be 过去常常有如：There used to be a lot of fish in this river.(1)On summer evenings,Grandpa used to _ funny stories to us children.A.us

8、ed toB.sayC.tellD.talk(2)Is your father a teacher?Well,he_.A.used toB.likes toC.used to beD.would be(3)_ get up early and take an hours walk before breakfast?A.Did you used toB.Used youC.Did you useD.Used you to(4)My aunt goes to climb Mount Gu every Sunday.Oh?But she _hate climbing mountains.A.used

9、 toB.use toC.uses toD.is used to(5)Mother _ us stories when we were young.A.was used to tellB.is used to telling3C.used to tellD.used to telling(6)He used to _ in a small village,but now he has been used to _in the big city.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;livingD.living;live(7)When he was young,he

10、worked on a farm.(同义句转换）He _ _ _ a farmer.(8)There used to be a cinema at the corner of the street.(反义疑问句)There used to be a cinema at the corner of the street,_ _?(9)There used _(be)a factory in the past.(10)Her parents used to _ in the city,but now they get used to _ in the beautifulcountryside.A.

11、live;liveB.living;liveC.live;livingD.living;living(11)The life we were used to _ greatly since 1992.A.changeB.has changedC.changingD.have changed(12)Our city is cleaner than it _ be.A.is used toB.used toC.uses toD.is used(13)Dick _ in America,but he has been _ Chinese food since he moved to China.A.

12、used to live;used to eatingB.is used to live;used to eatC.is used to live;used to eatingD.used to living;used to eat(14)There _ a big river in front of the house,but now it has turned into farmlandsA.used to haveB.used to beC.is used to havingD.is used to be【知识点二知识点二】：】：so(1)(adv.)如此(2)后面接形容词、副词(3)结

13、构：so.that.：如此以至于如：They bought so much beef that some went bad.(4)作副词的另一个意思：如此、这样如：I think/believe/am afraid so.(5)(conj.)因为，所以3.past(1)past(n.)：过去如：in the past 在过去(2)past(prep.)：经过，路过，从旁边经过through：在一定的空间中穿过如：A train is going through the tunnel.I went through the forest.4across：横穿v+across=cross如：He i

14、s running across the road.over：翻过如：climb over the wall/mountain(3)pass(v.)经过；传递pass sth.to sb.=pass sb.sth.把某物传给某人(1)The film tells us Beijings past and _.(现在)(2)Go_ the street,walk _the post office,and_ the street,and you will see thebook shop in front of you.A.along;pass;crossB.along;past;acrossC.

15、along;past;go acrossD.on;past;go cross(3)When he walked _ my desk，he knocked my books _ the floorA.passed;awayB.past;ontoC.passed;offD.past;off4.Well,there were always too many people on the bus,and it took a long time to wait for the nextone.【知识点一知识点一】：】：too manytoo many“太多的”，接可数名词复数There are too m

16、any cakes on the table.too much“太多的”，接不可数名词There are too much milk in the glass.much too“太”，接形容词或副词，表程度My jeans are much too tight.(1)My cousin is _ heavy because he often eats _ fast food.A.too much;too manyB.too many;too muchC.much too;too muchD.too much;much too(2)Are you free this afternoon,Timm

17、y?Oh,Im very busy.I have _ books to read.A.too muchB.too manyC.much tooD.many too【知识点二知识点二】：】：固定句型固定句型(1)It takes sb st.to do sth.(2)it：形式主语to do：真主语(3)其他的花费spend(spentspent)主语是人spend+金钱/时间+on sthspend+金钱/时间+(in)doing sthcost(costcost)主语是物sth.costs sb.+金钱take(tooktaken)it 作形式主语It takes sb st.to do s

18、th.pay(paidpaid)主语是人pay+金钱+for sth.5【Reading】1.Ive lived here since I was born.Have you ever moved house?【知识点一知识点一】：】：since(1)(prep.)自从以来与现在完成时连用如：Its been years since I enjoyed myself so much as last night.(2)提问：how long(3)(conj.)因为，既然八上Unit8 Natural disasters A moment of fear went through my mind,

19、but I told myself to calmdown since I was still alive.如：Since you cant answer the question,perhaps wed better ask someone else.(4)句型：It is+时间段+since+句子(1)I havent heard from Bill _ he left here.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.while(2)Good to see you again.Its almost three years _ we met last time.A.untilB.be

20、foreC.whileD.since(3)Mr.White came to our school in 2008,and since then he _ us English.A.teachesB.taughtC.has taughtD.will teach(4)_ have you been in the sports club?Since the first month I came to the school.A.How oldB.How longC.How muchD.How soon(5)_ has Dongtai Railway Station been in use?Since

21、2001.A.How longB.How oftenC.How soonD.How far(6)Mr.White comes from London and has lived in Suzhou _ 1997.A.inB.untilC.forD.since【知识点二知识点二】：】：move house(1)搬家搬家英文可以表达为“move”或者“move house”“move home”如：When are you moving,and where are you moving to?We are moving(house)next month.(2)move(v.)使感动(3)movin

22、g adj.感人的moved adj.感动的2.I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents.When I got married in 1965,my wife andI moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then.【知识点一知识点一】：】：东西南北的表达东西南北的表达6(1)东西南北的形容词性，在名词后面加 ern 构成形容词(2)easteasternsouthsouthernwestwesternnorthnorthern(3)转换：th

23、e east of.=the eastern part of.(1)The museum is in the _(north)part of the city.(2)Taiwan is in the _ part of China.Its famous for the delicious fruit.A.eastB.easternC.southD.southern【知识点二知识点二】：】：marry(1)marry sb.嫁给娶某人(2)marry A to B 把 A 嫁给 B(3)get married 结婚（动作）(4)be married to sb.与某人结婚（状态）(5)get m

24、arried to sb.与某人结婚（动作）如：Mr sons getting married next week.(6)易错点：介词是介词是 to 不是不是 with(1)How long have Mr.and Mrs.Smith _?For more than twenty years.A.marriedB.had marriedC.got marriedD.been married(2)Do you know when your mother_ your father?A.will marryB.married withC.got marriedD.got married to(3)M

25、ary married a man called Jack last year.(同义句转换）Mary _ _ _ a man called Jack last year.(4)How long have your parents been _?For about 16 years.(marry)(5)Do you enjoy the life with him?Yes,I have already been _ him for two years.A.married withB.marry withC.married toD.married(7)How long _they_?Sorry,I

26、 dont know.But I know that Mr.Chen is going to _a nurse next month.A.did;marry;marry toB.did;get marry;marry withC.have;got married;marryD.have;been married;marry(8)When did your father _ your mother?A.marryB.marry toC.marry withD.get married【知识点三知识点三】：】：since then(1)自从那时起(2)如果对 since then 提问，要用 how

27、 long7如果对 then 提问，要用 since when(1)The man has lived in Sunshine Town since then.(对划线部分提问)_ _ _ the man lived in Sunshine Town?(2)The man has lived in Sunshine Town since then.(对划线部分提问)_ _ _ the man lived in Sunshine Town?3.Has the town changed a lot over the years?Yes!We only had some small restaura

28、nt shops yearsago.【知识点一知识点一】：】：change a lot(1)改变了许多(1)Has Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years?(两种同义句转换)_ great changes _ _ in Sunshine Town over the years?_ there _ a lot of changes in Sunshine Town over the years?(2)这些年来，我们学校已经发生了巨大的变化Our school _.【知识点二知识点二】：】：over the years(1)这些年来(2)over：在时

29、期或期间(3)over 的其他意思：结束：Class is over.高于，在上方：Over your head.越过：jump over the wall(1)Lily,why are you still here?School is over for half an hour.Because I _ my task yet.I still need one more hour.A.wont finishB.didnt finishC.havent finishedD.hadnt finished(2)Our team _(raise)over 2000 yuan so far【知识点三知识

30、点三】：】：years ago(1)几年前，用于一般过去时中(1)I did my homework hours _.A.beforeB.laterC.agoD.late(2)I saw the film two days _.A.agoB.beforeC.afterD.late(3)Have you found the book?Yes,I _ it five minutes _.A.have found;beforeB.found;beforeC.has found;agoD.found;ago84.Was pollution a problem then?Later the govern

31、ment realized the problem and took action toimprove the situation.【知识点一知识点一】：】：pollution(1)不可数名词：污染oil pollution 石油污染food pollution 食品污染lake pollution 湖泊污染soil pollution 土壤污染(1)The noise _(pollute)is a big problem.(2)因为水污染，许多美丽的鱼正濒临灭绝。Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing _.【知识点二知识点二】：】：realize(

32、1)使实现realize your dream(2)意识到realize the importance of.(3)realize+sthrealize+从句(4)realization(n.)(1)Teenagers should do what they can _ their achievements.A.to realizeB.realizeC.realizedD.will realize(2)How time flies!Its already twelve oclock.Oh,really?I _ it at all.A.dont realizeB.didnt realizeC.h

33、avent realizedD.hadnt realized(3)I havent decided where to go.Do you have any good ideas?I _ that we go swimming.A.promiseB.agreeC.realizeD.suggest(4)唯有在失去健康之后，我们才能意识到健康的重要性。We will not _of health _ we lose our health.【知识点三知识点三】：】：improve(1)改善，变得更好如：improve the situation 改善这种状况，改变现状(2)improvement(n.

34、)改善，改进(1)We all know much attention should be paid to _(improve)the air quality now.(2)我们必须采取行动来改善这种状况。We must _ _to _ the _.(3)他们已经采取措施来改善这种处境了。They have _ the situation.5.Well,in some ways it is.Its really nice to have a beautiful modern town.However,most of my old9friends have moved away.It has b

35、ecome impossible for us to see each other as often as before.【知识点一知识点一】：】：in some ways(1)在某些方面(2)与 way 相关的短语：all the way 一路上，自始至终by the way 顺便说一下find ones way out(of)设法走出，摆脱in any way 无论如何，在任何情况下in this way 这样，以这种方式lose ones way 迷路no way 绝不one ones way to 到途中，在去的路上(1)这些猫在某些方面像狗。The cats are _.【知识点二知

36、识点二】：】：however(1)(conj.)但是，然而(2)注意与与 but 区分开【知识点三知识点三】：】：句型句型(1)It+adj.+to do(2)如果想要突出不定式的动作是谁，可以加上 for sb./of sb.(3)of：人的性格、品质（kind、nice、rude、clever、silly、foolish）(4)for：事物的特点（easy、hard、difficult、important、necessary）(1)What a(n)_ girl!She often leaves things somewhere.I think its _ for her to make

37、a change right now.A.careless;unpossibleB.uncareful;impossibleC.careless;impossibleD.uncareful;possible(2)Was it possible for our team_(lose)the game in the last 3 minutes?(3)When John lost his job,he found _to get a new one.A.thats impossibleB.impossibleC.that impossibleD.it impossible【知识点四知识点四】：】：

38、impossible(1)(adj.)不可能的(2)possibility(n.)可能性(3)构词法：否定前缀 im-、un、in、ir、dispoliteimpolite 礼貌的不礼貌的properimproper 恰当的不恰当的necessaryunnecessary 必要的不必要的friendlyunfriendly 友好的不友好的correctincorrect 正确的不正确的expensiveinexpensive 昂贵的不昂贵的regularirregular 规律的不规律的honestdishonest 诚实的不诚实的10(1)Nothing is _ in the world

39、if you put your hear into it.(possible)(2)Its _(possible)for her to finish the difficult work in five minutes.【知识点五知识点五】：】：as often as before(1)像以前一样经常(2)as.as 中间形容词、副词原级(1)John plays football _,if not better than,David.A.as wellB.as well asC.so wellD.such well(2)If you want to improve your football

40、 skill,you should practice as _ as possible.A.manyB.moreC.mostD.much(3)朱迪像沙拉一样时常去看电影。Judy goes to the movie _ _ _Sara does.6.Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.Anyway,its good to see the amazing changes in thetown.【知识点一知识点一】：】：a bit(1)a bit 一点如：Its a bit cold and dry,but there are no snowstor

41、ms here.(2)not a bit 一点也不not a little 很多(3)a little bit：比 a bit 的程度小(4)a bit/a little/a little bit+形容词形容词/形容词比较级形容词比较级a little/a bit of+不可数名词不可数名词(1)一点儿钱_(2)感到有点儿冷_(3)比往常早点儿_(4)患了点(轻微)感冒 _(5)There is _ water in the glass.(6)He felt _ tired.(7)Please give him something to eat right now.He is not _ hu

42、ngry.A.a bitB.at allC./D.a little(8)Jack,do you feel _ nervous when you speak in class?No,but I used to be.A.a bitB.a bit ofC.a fewD.a few of(9)Will you please turn down the radio _?(10)Ive got only_money with me today.Im afraid I cant help you.【知识点二知识点二】：】：from time to time(1)时不时：偶尔，时常11(2)同义词：some

43、times(3)与 time 相关的短语：at the same time 同时in time 及时；适时on time 按时，准时；按时all the time 始终，一直at a time 一次；每次；在某时来源:Z|xx|k.Comfor the first time 首次；第一次(4)常用句型What time is it?(=Whats the time?)Its time for/to do sth.There is no time to do sth(1)We are going to begin our meeting at 8:00.Please be here _.Dont

44、 be late.A.at timesB.in timeC.on timeD.from time to time(2)The old man feels a bit lonely _.A.at timeB.on timeC.from time to timeD.in time(3)Can you come for an interview this Monday?No problem.Im free _ an interview _ any time.A.for;atB.for;inC.to;atD.for;on7.lonely not happy because of being alone

45、;Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.【知识点一知识点一】：】：lonely(1)指心灵上的孤单寂寞(2)alone 指形单影只，一个人，独自(3)alone=by oneself=on ones own(1)Are you afraid of _ at home,Linda?No.Ive grown up.A.aloneB.being aloneC.lonelyD.being lonely(2)Though his grandmother lives_,she never feels _.A.alone;aloneB.lonel

46、y;lonelyC.alone;lonelyD.lonely;alone(3)My grandfather lives _ in the countryside but never feels _.A.alone,lonelyB.lonely,aloneC.along,lonelyD.alone,along(4)My cousin felt _ when she studied _ in London.A.alone;lonelyB.lonely;lonelyC.alone;aloneD.lonely;alone【知识点二知识点二】：】：because of(1)后面接短语、代词、名词等(2)

47、because 只接句子，引导原因状语从句(1)He didnt go on working _ the heavy rain.A.becauseB.because ofC.sinceD.for12(2)The boy wants to go to school _ he wants to have a good education,but not _duty.A.because;soB.because;because ofC.so;becauseD.so;because of【知识点三知识点三】：】：take place(1)发生(2)同义词：happen(3)无被动(1)Great cha

48、nges _ in our hometown.A.has happenedB.has taken placeC.have taken placeD.have been happened8.Tell me more about your interview with Mr.Chen,Millie.Has he lived in Sunshine Town all his life?What was the town like in the past?【知识点一知识点一】：】：interview(1)(n.)采访(2)an interview with sb：对某人的采访(3)(n.)面试(4)(

49、v.)采访(5)interviewer(n.)采访者interviewee(n.)被采访者(1)Yesterday DTTV had _ interview with Liu Chang,a young actor born in Dongtai.A.aB.anC.theD.(2)Millie will have several _(采访)with some students about their pocket money.(3)Dont go out this afternoon.A reporter _ you.A.has an interview toB.has an intervie

50、w withC.will have an interview toD.will have an interview with【知识点二知识点二】：】：all ones life(1)一辈子，终身【知识点三知识点三】：】：in the past(1)过去，从前【Grammar】Present perfect tense(现在完成时)【结构结构】have/has+p.p.(动词过去分词)！【定义定义】时 态对其含义的理解谓语动词特征结构特点现在(1)过去发生的动作已完成，对现在通常不“延续”不能出现表示段时间的状语13完成时有影响(2)过去的动作或状态没有完成，一直“延续”到现在(说话时)通常要“