病理学和病理生理学：英文.docx

《病理学和病理生理学：英文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《病理学和病理生理学：英文.docx（26页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、病痛完好状态亚健康自稳调节症状体征病理过程病因学病因遗传易感性感染性因素理化因素遗传因素先天因素免疫因素心理因素条件诱因/诱发因素危险因素发病学恶性循环完全康复InfirmityComplete well-beingSub-healthHomestasis controlSymptomSignPathologic processEtiologyEtiology agentGenetic predispositionInfective agentsPhysical and chemical agentsGenetic factorsCongenital factorsImmunological

2、factorsPsychological factorsPredisposing factorsPrecipitating factorDangerous factorPathogenesisVicious cycleComplete recovery合域SH3 Src homology 2 domainPKA cAMP-dependent protein kinase激酶CREB cAMP response element-binding protein结合蛋白CBP CREB-binding proteinCRE cAMP response elementPLC- B phospholip

3、ase C- BPIP2IP3DAGPKC protein kinase CCalmodulinAdaptation/desensitizationGRPKs G-protein-linked receptor kinasesEGF epidermal growth factorPDGF platelet-derived growth factor因子FGF fibroblast growth factor子Src同源3结合域cAMP依赖性蛋白cAMP反应元件CRE结合蛋白cAMP反应元件磷酸酯酶C- B二磷酸磷脂酰肌醇三磷酸肌醇二酰基甘油丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶钙调节蛋白适应/脱敏G蛋白偶联受

4、体激酶表皮生长因子血小板衍生生长纤维细胞生长因Dimer二聚体OligomerCross-phosphorylationAutophosphorylationGrb-2 growth-factor-receptor-bound protein蛋白-2寡聚体交互磷酸化自磷酸化生长因子受体结合MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinases丝裂原激活的蛋白激Module模板Cytokine receptors细胞因子受体JAK Janus kinaseSTAT signal transducers and activators of transcription 信号传导

5、及转录激活蛋白TGF- B transforming growth factor- B转化生长因子-BActivin激活素BMPs bone morphogenetic proteinsNuclear receptor superfamilyCarrier proteinInhibitory proteinCoactivator proteinConstitutive activationDominant negative mutantMyasthenia gravis骨形成蛋白核受体超家族载体蛋白抑制蛋白共激活蛋白组成性活化显性失活突变重症肌无力促甲状腺激素受体胰岛素受体胰岛素受体底物葡萄糖

6、转运蛋白代谢障碍综合征雌激素肾素-血管紧张素系统血管紧张素II内皮素-1去甲肾上腺素神经钙蛋白自分泌环B-肾上腺受体与心衰儿茶酚胺类靶向治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病应激应激原生理性应激/良性应激战斗或逃避病理性应激/烈性应激Thyrotropin receptor TSHrIR insulin receptorIRS-1 insulin receptor substrate-1Glucose transporter GLUT Dysmetabolic syndromeEstrogenRenin-angiotension system RASAng IIATI 受体 Ang II type 1 rec

7、eptor Endothelin-1 ET-1 NorepinephrineCalcineurinAutocrine loopB -AR B -adrenergic receptor catecholamines target therapyCML chronic myelocytic leukemiaStressStressorEustressFight or flightDistressPhysical stressPsychological stressLC-NEHPACACRH corticotrophin releasing factorACTHNEPVNAVP(ADH)GC glu

8、cocorticoidGRPsychosocial short statueGAS general adaption syndromeAlarm stageResistance stageExhaustion stageAPR acute phase responseAPP acute phase proteinCRP C-reactive proteinCell stressHIF-la躯体应激心理应激蓝斑-交感-肾上腺髓质轴下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴儿茶酚胺促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素促肾上腺皮质激素去甲肾上腺素室旁核肾上腺皮质糖皮质激素糖皮质激素受体心理社会呆小症全身适应综合征警觉期抵抗期衰

9、竭期急性期反应急性期蛋白C-反应蛋白细胞应激低氧诱导因子-1热休克蛋白热休克反应折叠移位复性讲解分子伴侣热休克因子HSP Heat shock proteinHeat shock responseFoldingTranslocationRenaturationDegradationMolecular chaperoneHSF heat shock factorHSE heat shock element （诱导型启动子）热休克元件HSTF heat shock transcription factor热休克转录因子Stress ulcer应激性溃疡Inflammation炎症Inflammat

10、ory agent致炎因子Infection感染Alteration变质Exudation渗出Proliferation增生Exudates渗出液Transudate漏出液Acute inflammation急性炎症Chronic inflammation慢性炎症Immediate transient response速发短暂反应TranscytosisImmediate sustained responseLeucocyte extravasationChemotaxisChemotactic agentInflammatory mediatorPG prostaglandinLT leuk

11、otrieneSerous inflammationCatarrhFibrious inflammationPseudomembranous inflammationCor villosumSuppurative or purulent inflammationPusPus cellEmpyemaPhlegmonous inflammationAbcessFuruncleCarbuncle穿胞作用速发持续反应白细胞渗出趋化作用趋化因子炎症因子前列腺素白细胞三烯浆液性炎卡他纤维素性炎假膜性炎/伪膜性炎绒毛心化脓性炎脓液脓细胞积脓蜂窝组织炎脓肿疗痈出血性炎Hemorrhagic inflammat

12、ionErosion糜烂Ulcer溃疡Sinus窦道Fistula屡管Cavity空腔Bacteremia菌血症toxemia毒血症Septicemia败血症Pyemia脓毒血症Embolic abscess栓塞性脓肿Metastatic abscess转移性脓肿Inflammatory polyp炎症息肉Inflammatory pseudotumor炎症假瘤Chronic granulomatous inflammation慢性肉芽肿性 炎Granuloma肉芽肿Infectious granuloma感染性肉芽肿Foreign body granuloma异物性肉芽肿Tumor肿瘤Neo

13、plasm新生物Neoplasia肿瘤形成BenignMalignant ParaenchymaStromaAtypia DifferentiationAnaplasia anaplastic tumor structure atypia cellular atypia pleomarphism natural history transformation local invasion distant metastases doubling time growth fraction tumor stem cell tumor initiating cell angiogenesis progr

14、ession heterogeneity良性恶性实质间质异型性分化间变间变性肿瘤组织异型性细胞异型性多形性自然史转化局部浸润远处转移倍增时间生长分数肿瘤干细胞肿瘤初始细胞血管生成演进异质性expensive growthinvasive growthexophytic growthmetastasislymphatic metastasishematogeneous metastasisseedingECM extracellular matrixDetachmentAttachmentGradingStagingCachexiaEctopic endocrine tumorEctopic e

15、ndocrine syndromeParaneoplastic syndromeBorderline tumorCarcinomaSarcomaPapilliomaAdenomaCystadenoma膨胀性生长侵袭性生长外生性生长转移淋巴道转移血道转移种植转移细胞外基质分离附着分级分期恶病质异位内分泌肿瘤 异位内分泌综合征 副肿瘤综合症交界性肿瘤癌肉瘤乳头状瘤腺瘤囊腺瘤FibroadenomaPleomorphic adenomaPolypous adenhomaSquamous cell carcinomaKeratin pearlBasal cell carcinomaTransition

16、al cell carcinoma/ urothelia癌AdenocarcinomaTubular adenocarcinomaPapillary adenocarcinomaSolid carcinomaMucoid carcinoma/ colloid carcinomaSignet-ring cellPreneoplastic conditions or lesionsDysplasiaCarcinoma in situIN intraepithelial neoplasiaFibromaLipomaHemangiomaLymphangioma纤维腺瘤多形性腺瘤息肉状腺瘤鳞状上皮癌角化

17、珠基底细胞癌carcinoma移行细胞癌/尿路上皮腺癌管状腺癌乳头状腺癌实性癌粘液癌/胶样癌印戒细胞癌前状态/癌前病变非典型性增生原位癌上皮内瘤变纤维瘤脂肪瘤血管瘤淋巴管瘤不完全康复濒死临床死亡生物学死亡植物学二人复苏适应萎缩脂褐素自噬泡残余体恶病质肥大增生瘢痕疙瘩化生鳞状上皮化生肠上皮化生骨化性肌炎变性细胞水肿水变性Incomplete recoveryAgonal stageStage of clinical deathStage of biological deathVegetative stateResuscitationAdaptationAtrophyLipofuscinAutop

18、hagic vacuolesResidual bodyCachexiaHypertrophyHyperplasiaKeloidMetaplasiaSquamous metaplasiaInstestinal metaplasiaMyositis ossificansDegenerationCellular swellingHydropic degenerationHTLV-1 human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus淋巴瘤病毒平滑肌瘤骨瘤纤维肉瘤脂肪肉瘤横纹肌肉瘤平滑肌肉瘤血管肉瘤骨肉瘤软骨肉瘤视网膜母细胞色素痣黑色素瘤畸胎瘤激发促进促癌物人乳头瘤病毒人类T细胞

19、白血病/LeiomyomaOsteiomaFibrosarcomaLiposarcomaRhabdomyosarcomaLeiomyosarcomaHemangiosarcomaOsteosarcomaChondtrosarcomaRetinoblastoma瘤Pigmented nevusMelanomaTeratomaInitiationPromotionPromoterHPV human papilloma virusEBV Epstein-Barr virusHBV hepatitis Virus BH.pylori幽门螺杆菌脂肪变性脂肪变脂肪肝玻璃样变透明变性细动脉硬化症淀粉样变性淀

20、粉样物质沉着粘液样变粘液样变性病理性色素沉着含铁血黄素心衰细胞黑色素多巴病理性钙化营养不良性钙化转移性钙化细胞死亡坏死核浓缩核碎裂Fatty degenerationFatty changeFatty liverHyaline changeHyaline degenerationArteriolosclerosisAmyloid changeAmyloidosisMucoid changeMucoid degenerationPathologic pigmentationHemosiderinHeart failure cellMelaninDOPA dihytroxyphenylalanin

21、ePathologic calcificationDystrophic calcificationMetastatic calcificationCell deathNecrosisPyknosisKaryorrhexis核溶解凝固性坏死液化性坏死干酪样坏死坏疽干性坏疽湿性坏疽气性坏疽脂肪坏死纤维素样坏死糜烂溃疡空洞窦道瘦管机化包裹凋亡程序性细胞死亡凋亡小体半光天冬酶形态发生KaryolysisCoagulative necrosisLiquefactive necrosisCaseous necrosisGangreneDry gangreneWet gangreneGas gangrene

22、Fat necrosisFibrinoid necrosisErosionUlcerCavitySinusFistulaOrganizationEncapsulationApoptosisProgrammed cell deathApoptotic bodiesCaspaseMorphogenesis修复再生不稳定细胞稳定细胞永久性细胞肉芽组织肌纤维母细胞瘢痕组织血管新生血管形成血管新生创伤愈合骨折骨折愈合暂时性骨痂编织骨充血动脉性充血主动性充血静脉性充血被动性充血肺淤血RepairRegenerationLabile cellStable cellsPermanent cellsGranul

23、ation tissueMyofibroblastScar tissueNeovascularizationVasculogenesisAnigeogenesisWound healingBone fractureFacture healingProvisional callusWoven boneHyperemiaArterial hyperemiaActive hyperemiaVenous hyperemiaPassive hyperemiaPulmonary congestionHear failure cellBrown induration of lungCongestion of

24、 liverNutmeg liverCongestive sclerosis of liverThrombosisThrombusDisseminated intravascular coagulation DICMural thrombusHyaline thrombusMicrothrombusRecanalizationEmbolismEmbolusParadoxical embolismCrossed exbolismRetrograde embolismThromboembolismSaddle embolismFat embolismGas embolismDecompressio

25、n sickness心力衰竭细胞肺褐色硬变肝淤血槟榔肝淤血性肝硬化血栓形成血栓弥漫性血管内凝血附壁血栓透明血栓微血栓再通栓塞栓子反常性栓塞交叉性栓塞逆行性栓塞血栓栓塞骑跨性栓塞脂肪栓塞气体栓塞减压病沉箱病羊水栓塞梗死贫血性梗死出血性梗死败血性梗死细胞增殖G1期DNA合成前期S期DNA合成期G2期DNA合成后期有丝分裂期前期中期后期末期周期素依赖性蛋白激酶CDK活化激酶CDK抑制因子限定点增殖细胞核抗原Caisson diseaseAmniotic fluid embolismInfarctAnemic infarctHemorrhagic infarctSeptic infarctCell p

26、roliferationFirst gap phaseSynthetic phaseSecond gap phaseMitotic phasePro-phaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseCDKs cyclin depend kinaseCyclinCAKCDI cyclin dependent kinase inhibitorRestrinction pointPCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigenMPT mitochondrial permeability transition pore原发性血小板增多症骨髓增殖性疾病细胞分化

27、细胞决定管家基因肺纤维化肥胖症急性早幼粒细胞白血病坏死凋亡空泡化固缩凋亡小体死亡受体死亡结构域死亡效应结构域线粒体内外膜之间通全酶凋亡体凋亡诱导因子CAD抑制物I CAD inhibitor of CADPT primary thrombocytosisMPDCell differentiationDeterminationHouse keeping genesPulmonary fibrosisMorbid obesityAcute promyelocytic leukemiaNecrosisApoptosisBlebbingCondensationApoptotic bodyDR deat

28、h receptorDeath domainDED Death effector domain透性转运孔HoloenzymeApoptosomeApoptosis-inducing factor AIFCADDNA酶活化Signal transduction system/ cell signaling system信号转导系统Receptor-mediated signal transduction system受体介导的细胞转导系统LigandEndocrineParacrineAutocrineIntracrineReceptorCytoplasmic/nuclear receptorS

29、urface/membrane receptor lon-channel-linked receptorsG-protein coupled receptors GPCREnzyme-linked receptorSignaling proteinCross-talkSignaling networkSignaling complexBinding domainSH2 Src homology 2 domain配体内分泌 旁分泌 自分泌 内在分泌 受体胞内受体/核受体 细胞表面/膜受体 离子通道型受体 G蛋白偶联受体 酶偶联受体 信号转到蛋白 交互通话 信号网络系统信号转导复合物 结合域Src同源2结合域 磷酸化酪氨酸结PTB phosphotyrosine-binding domain