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1、2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】专题19 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解记叙文狂练30篇（五年真题+最新模拟）原卷版【三年考情回顾】时间卷次主题语境题型分类2023年新高考I卷人与自然：生态机器净化污水2个细节理解题2个推理判断题新高考II卷人与社会：Urban Sprouts花园项目帮助学生通过体验乡村生活。1个细节理解题2个推理判断题1个主旨大意题全国甲卷人与自然：DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能2个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个词义猜测题全国乙卷人与社会：风景摄影师1个细节理解题3个推理判断题北京卷人与自我：作者职业成功的经历1个细节理解题3个推理判断题2022年新高考

2、II卷人与社会：孙子把儿童读物当成平板电脑3个细节理解题1个词义猜测题全国甲卷人与社会：Ginni Balinton往南极洲的旅程2个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个词义猜测题北京卷人与社会：参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑3个细节理解题1个推理判断题2021年新高考I卷人与自我：钢琴演奏者做翻页师3个细节理解题1个推理判断题新高考II卷人与社会：照顾两只老虎幼崽2个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个词义猜测题新高考II卷人与社会：奖金帮助别人2个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个主旨大意题全国甲卷人与自我：适应伦敦新生活3个推理判断题1个词义猜测题北京卷人与自我：第一印象不总是可信3个细节理解题1个推理判断题【

3、题型应对策略】一、阅读理解记叙文基本特点从历年高考统计数据来看，记叙文内容主要归纳为三个类型：一、人物传记 二、人物故事三、新闻报道从历年高考统计数据来看，记叙文命题类型主要归纳为四个类型：一、细节理解题二、猜测词义题三、推理判断题四、主旨大意题二、“人物传记”类记叙文解题策略人物传记是高中记叙文考试中常遇到的体裁形式。针对人物传记，学生应该重视文中人物学习以及工作情况的描写，并且理顺人物出生到死亡的顺序。针对人物不同年龄阶段做过的事情、说过的话进行理解。主要是针对人物描写时间顺序、生活背景、实践经历、名人名言几个要素进行认知。三、“人物故事”类记叙文解题策略要有效地解决英语记叙文阅读中的问题

4、，就必须要理清事件发展的顺序以及人物之间的关系。把握记叙文的题材，理清作者想要表达的主要意图。有重点地把握人物特征，了解整个事情的来龙去脉，正确地认识文章的结构以及文章题材倾向。针对叙事为主的记叙文，学生应该注意： 记叙的要素（who、when、where、what、why、how） 叙述的人称（第一人称/第三人称） 记叙的顺序或方法（顺叙、倒叙和插叙） 叙述的线索 （以时间为线索；以地点为线索；以事件发展的过程为线索；以事物的象征意义为线索；以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索）四、“新闻报道”类记叙文解题策略新闻报道类阅读理解首先注意新闻“倒金字塔”结构特点，重视“首段”和“段首”，因为这样

5、可以抓住文章的主旨句，有利于把握文章大意和作者写作意图。同时，还应学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。五、阅读理解记叙文答题策略一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。左顾右盼

6、在做题过程中，需要抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。刨根问底 主旨大意题或推理判断题等不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。这时，你不仅需要左顾右盼，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选

7、项中选出正确答案。一锤定音有时记叙文最后一题需要选定标题，颇有难度。既要注意文章反复出现的关键词（key words），还应注意文章的主旨或隐含意义。实在有困难的话，还可以用排除法。从历年高考统计数据来看，记叙文标题可以是以下情况：短语型；句子型；问句型等。题型一、细节理解题考例1（2023新高考I卷B篇第6段）“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put

8、 organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”27. What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.27.

9、推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。考例2（2023新高考II卷B篇第2段）Jaramillos students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and

10、 green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scare

11、d of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The kids parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gard

12、ens.25.推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，

13、项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。题型二、猜测词义题考例3（2023全国甲卷B篇第1段）Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?A.

14、 An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pioneer.24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab han

15、d”的意思。故选C。考例4（2023浙江1月I卷B篇第1、2段）Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five

16、 years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-a

17、lways-supportive household. 24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?A. Share an apartment with you.B. Join you in what youre doing.C. Transform your way of living.D. Help you to make the decision.24.词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if youre looking to liv

18、e a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household

19、.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what youre doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。题型三、推理判断题考例5（2023全国乙卷B篇第5段）One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devils Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purpl

20、e quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare t

21、ime until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been

22、so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devils Lake?A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D. Th

23、ey had problems with their equipment.26.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。考例6（20232全国乙卷B篇第3段）They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had

24、 little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. 25. What can we learn about the girls

25、from paragraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect.B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.25. D。推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt

26、when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。题型四、主旨大意题考例7（2023新高考II卷B篇）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle an

27、d high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillos students live in neig

28、hborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” T

29、hough some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and wo

30、rk in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now

31、theyre eating differently,” Jaramillo says. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local Landscape27.主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprout

32、s, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环

33、保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。考例8（2021新高考II卷B篇）A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the Worlds Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school

34、teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“Ive started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.” The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-co

35、ming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children. Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “Ive seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are

36、shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists more than ever in our schools. Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andrias brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools

37、. It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will rema

38、in of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries.28. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?A. Make a movie.B. Build new schools.C. Run a project.D. Help local musici

39、ans.29. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?A. It is particularly difficult.B. It increases artists income.C. It opens childrens mind.D. It deserves greater attention.30. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?A. Moral principles.B. Interpe

40、rsonal skills.C. Creative abilities.D. Positive worldviews.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Bring Artists to SchoolsB. When Historians Meet ArtistsC. Arts Education in BritainD. The Worlds Best Arts Teacher【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. A【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了

41、100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “Ive started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚扎菲拉库(A

42、ndria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work wit

43、h and inspire children.（许多学校很难让任何类型艺术家无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。30.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。

44、31.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“Ive started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将

45、做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。【高考真题再练】1.（2022新高考II卷B篇）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people dont even realize its new. For them, its just normal.This hit home for me as I wa

46、s sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a childrens book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I re

47、ad, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.Whats up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happen

48、ing. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. Its an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but Im not hopelessly challenge