2011高考英语二轮复习课件专题9　数词和主谓一致.pptx

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1、Topic9ofthe2011CollegeEntranceExaminationE目录CONTENTSTheUsageofNumeralsTheruleofsubjectverbconsistencySpecialcasesofsubjectverbconsistencyPracticeandAnalysisofSubjectverbConsistency01TheUsageofNumeralsCHAPTERDefinitionAcardinalnumeralisanumberthatexpressesacountor quantity,such as one,two,three.Usage

2、Usecardinalnumeralstoexpressprecisecountsorquantities,especiallywhenreferring to specific items orgroups.ExampleIhavetwoapples.CardinalnumeralUsageUseordinalnumberwordswhenreferringtospecificpositionsororders,especiallyinlistsorrankings.ExampleSheisthethirdinline.DefinitionAnordinalnumberwordexpress

3、esthepositionororderofsomething,suchasfirst,second,third.OrdinalnumberwordsUsageUsefractionstoexpresspartialquantitiesorpartsofawhole.Fractionscanbewrittenasdecimalsorpercentages.ExampleThecakeisthree-quartersdone.DefinitionAfractionexpressesapartofawholeorapartofanumber,suchashalf,quarter,three-qua

4、rters.Expressionoffractions02TheruleofsubjectverbconsistencyCHAPTERgrammaticalconcordThegrammaticalconcordrulerequiresthatthesubjectandverbofasentenceagreeintheirgrammaticalforms.SummaryThisruleensuresthatthesubjectandverbhavethesamegrammaticalnumber(singularorplural)andperson(first,second,orthird).

5、Forexample,inthesentenceThecatisrunning,thesubjectcatissingularandtheverbisisalsosingular,followingthegrammaticalconcordrule.DescriptionSummaryTheconsistentinmeaningrulerequiresthatthesubjectandverbagreeintheirsemanticmeanings.DescriptionThisruleensuresthatthesubjectandverbaresemanticallyconsistent,

6、meaningthattheyexpressacoherentthoughtoridea.Forexample,inthesentenceThegroupofstudentsarestudying,thesubjectgroupofstudentsispluralandtheverbareisalsoplural,followingtheconsistentinmeaningrule.ConsistentinmeaningSummaryTheadjacentconsistencyrulerequiresthatthesubjectandverbbeadjacenttoeachother.Des

7、criptionThisruleensuresthatthesubjectandverbaredirectlynexttoeachother,withoutanyinterveningwordsorphrases.Forexample,inthesentenceThecat,thedog,andthemouseareplaying,thesubjectcat,thedog,andthemouseisfollowedimmediatelybytheverbare,followingtheadjacentconsistencyrule.Adjacentconsistency03Specialcas

8、esofsubjectverbconsistencyCHAPTERWhentwoormoresubjectsarejoinedbyandoror,theverbmustagreewiththesubjectclosesttoit.Forexample:JohnandMary(and)theirfamiliesshouldbeJohnandMary(and)theirfamiliesarecoming.ParallelsubjectsIfthesubjectsarejoinedbyor,theverbcanagreewiththefirstsubjectifitisclearfromthecon

9、text.Forexample:EitherJohnorMary(or)theirfamiliescanbeEitherJohnorMary(or)theirfamiliesiswelcome.ExceptionSubjectverbagreementofparallelsubjectsVSWhenasubjectisinasubordinateclause,theverbmustagreewiththesubjectclosesttoit.Forexample:ThebookthatIamreading(is)veryinteresting.ExceptionIfthesubjectofth

10、esubordinateclauseismodifiedbyanadjectiveoradverb,theverbcanagreewiththemodifiedsubject.Forexample:Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyafamousauthor(is)verypopular.SubordinateclausesSubjectverbconsistencyinsubordinateclausesWhenasubjectisplacedaftertheverb,theverbmustagreewiththesubjectclosesttoit.Forexample:I

11、sthatthemanwhoyousaw?shouldbeIsthatthemanwhoyousaw?Ifthesubjectismodifiedbyanadjectiveoradverb,theverbcanagreewiththemodifiedsubject.Forexample:Isthattheman,whowaswearingahat,whoyousaw?canbeIsthattheman,whowaswearingahat,whoyousaw?InvertedsentencesExceptionSubjectverbconsistencyininvertedsentences04

12、PracticeandAnalysisofSubjectverbConsistencyCHAPTERSubjects:thenumberofemployeesandthe number of hours;Verbs:is andare.Exercise1Subject:the amount of money;Verbs:isandare.Exercise2Subject:thepercentageofstudents;Verbs:isandare.Exercise3ExercisequestionsThecorrectanswerisThenumberofemployeesishigh,but

13、thenumberofhoursislow.Thesubjectthenumberofemployeesissingular,sotheverbisisappropriate.Thesubjectthenumberofhoursisalsosingular,buttheverbareisusedinstead,whichisincorrect.ThecorrectanswerisTheamountofmoneyislarge.Thesubjecttheamountofmoneyissingular,sotheverbisisappropriate.ThecorrectanswerisThepe

14、rcentageofstudentsishigh.Thesubjectthepercentageofstudentsissingular,sotheverbisisappropriate.AnswertoExercise1AnswertoExercise2AnswertoExercise3AnswerAnalysisSomestudentsmayconfusetheusageofnumberandamount.Whilebothcanbeusedassingularsubjects,theusagedependsonthecontext.Forexample,thenumberofemploy

15、eesshoulduseis,buttheamountofmoneyshoulduseis.Anothercommonmistakeistheconfusionbetweentheusageofpercentageandothercollectivenouns.Collectivenounssuchasgrouporteamareusuallyplural,butwhenusedwithaquantifiersuchasthemajorityof,theycanbetreatedassingular.However,percentageisalwayssingularandshouldbefollowedbythesingularverbis.Errorproneanalysis谢谢THANKS