安徽省安庆市桐城中学2023-2024学年高一下学期开学教学质量检测英语试题 Word版含解析.docx

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1、桐城中学2023-2024学年度第二学期开学考试高一英语试卷考试时间：120分钟满分：150分注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）注意，听力部分答题时请先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束前你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题

2、，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Where are the speakers probably going to cat lunch?A. At home. B. At a caf. C. At a park.2. How did Tom feel a moment ago?A. Happy. B. Sad. C. Confused.3. What will the boy do first?A. Play football. B. Finish his homewo

3、rk. C. Go to the cinema.4 Where did the man leave his bag?A. At school. B. At his friends. C. On the bus.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates. B. Colleagues.（同事） C. Teacher and student.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试

4、卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。6. What does the man advise the woman to do?A. Go on a diet. B. Do more exercise. C. Have a good rest.7. Which can be included in the womans breakfast?A. Eggs. B. Bread. C. Beef.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。8. What is the man proba

5、bly doing at first?A. Watching TV. B. Cooking the meal. C. Using the computer.9. What is the woman probably going to do next?A. Turn to Allen.B. Go to a repair shop.C. Repair her computer by herself.10. What is the probable relationship between Arthur and Allen?A. Strangers. B. Co-workers. C. Neighb

6、ors.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13题。11. Whom does the woman choose jewelry for?A. Herself. B. Her mother. C. Her friend.12. What does the woman want to buy?A. A ring of size 6 and a long necklace.B. A ring of size 7 and a short necklace.C. A ring of size 7 and a long necklace.13. What do we know about the neckla

7、ce?A. Its cheaper than the ring.B. Its price depends on its quality.C. The longer one is more expensive than the shorter one.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16题。14. What good news does the woman tell the man?A. Emma gave birth to a baby.B. She got a promotion.C. She passed the driving test.15. What does the name Dor

8、a mean according to the man?A. The goddess of flowers. B. The happiest person. C. The gift of God.16. Where are probably the speakers?A. In the hospital. B. At home. C. In the shopping mall.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。17. What sport did the speaker coach?A. Running. B. Swimming. C. Gymnastics.18. What does t

9、he speaker think of herself in 1990?A. Unfriendly. B. Easy-going. C. Generous.19. How can motivation be promoted according to the speaker?A. By praise. B. By teamwork. C. By trust.20. What does the speaker try to express in the talk?A. Process of winning is more important than the result.B. Developi

10、ng champions is a win-win success.C. Winning always equals success.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AOver the last century, engineers all over the world have spared no effort to achieve the unachievable in bridge design.Danyang-Kunshan Grand

11、BridgeNo bridge is as long as the Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge in the world. The 164.8-kilometre-long bridge built in 2011 in China serves as part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway. The trip from Ningbo to Jiaxing that previously took 4.5 hours has been reduced to two, thanks to this bridge

12、.Rio-Niteri BridgeCompleted in 1974, the Rio-Niteri Bridge in Brazil is the second-longest bridge in all of Latin America connecting the cities of Rio and Niteri across the Guanabara Bay. The Rio-Niteri Bridge is technically known as a “box-girder (箱形梁)” bridge, made of special concrete. It receives

13、 an astonishing 140,000 (or more) vehicles per day.Hartland Covered BridgeThe Hartland Covered Bridge is the worlds longest covered bridge. The 1,282-foot-long bridge was opened in 1901 and has been on Canadas list of National Historic Sites since 1980. Although it was originally built without a roo

14、f, the bridge was capped with wooden materials during the repairs in 1921.Jiaozhou Bay BridgeThe newly-built Jiaozhou Bay Bridge in China was named “worlds longest bridge over water” by Guinness Book of World Records in 2011, a title previously held by the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway. The dispute wa

15、s settled when the title of “longest continuous bridge over water” was given to the causeway, with the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge receiving the title of “longest bridge over water”.1. On which of the following can trains pass?A. Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge.B. Rio-Niteri Bridge.C. Hartland Covered Bridge.D

16、. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.2. What is special about the Hartland Covered Bridge?A. It is a busy bridge.B. It was built in 1980.C. It has a roof.D. It is a wooden bridge.3. Where can you find the longest bridge over water?A. In America.B. In Brazil.C. In Canada.D. In China.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用

17、文。文章介绍了过去的一个世纪里人类修建的四座有特色的桥梁。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge中“The 164.8-kilometre-long bridge built in 2011 in China serves as part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway. (这座164.8公里长的大桥建于2011年，是京沪高速铁路的一部分。)”可知，因为丹昆特大桥是京沪高铁的一部分，由此可知，火车可以从丹昆特大桥通过。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Hartland Covered Brid

18、ge中“Although it was originally built without a roof, the bridge was capped with wooden materials during the repairs in 1921.(虽然这座桥最初是没有屋顶的，但在1921年的维修期间，桥上覆盖了木制材料。)”可知，加拿大哈特兰廊桥的特别之处在于它有木制屋顶。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Jiaozhou Bay Bridge中“The newly-built Jiaozhou Bay Bridge in China was named “worlds longest b

19、ridge over water” by Guinness Book of World Records in 2011, a title previously held by the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway.(2011年，中国新建的胶州湾大桥被吉尼斯世界纪录评为“世界上最长的水上桥梁”，此前该头衔由庞恰特雷恩湖堤道保持。)”可知，在中国你可以找到最长的水上桥梁胶州湾大桥。故选D。BAt first, Michael Surrell didnt see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of h

20、is neighbors home. He had just parked around the corner from his own house when he got a call from his daughter: “The house next door is on fire!” He went to look. Thats when he saw an old woman crying outside.“The babys in there!” she cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then

21、 64, ran inside without hesitation (犹豫). Entering the burning house was like “running into a bucket of black paint,” Surrell says. The thick smoke burned his eyes and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been dangerous for anyone, but for Surrell, who had lung disease, they were

22、lifethreatening (威胁生命的).After a few minutes in the smokefilled house, he retreated (后退) outside to catch his breath. “Where is Tiara?” he asked desperately.“The second floor,” the old woman shouted back.Taking a deep breath, Surrell went in a second time. Because the house had a similar layout to hi

23、s, he found the stairs and made it to the second floor.“Baby girl, where are you?”His throat and lungs burned as if hed breathed fire instead of the smoke in the air. He couldnt open his eyes. All he could hear was the crackling (破裂声) of burning wood. Then a soft sound came out. Still unable to see,

24、 Surrell fell to his knees on the hot wood floor and climbed toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl.Finally, he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled the baby toward him. Her body was weak and she wasnt breathing. He carried her into his arms and ran blindly into the

25、 blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside.4. Why was the old woman crying outside?A. She lost the baby in the fire.B. The baby was hurt in the fire.C. The baby was in the burning house.D. She couldnt call the fire department.5. What can be learned from the first two

26、paragraphs?A. Surrells daughter worked in a fire department.B. Surrell would probably have been killed by the fire.C. The smoke blanketed (笼罩) Surrells house from next door.D. A bucket of black paint blocked Surrells way to the house.6. How did Surrell find the baby on the second floor?A. By searchi

27、ng on his knees.B. By opening the back door.C. By shouting repeatedly.D. By turning on the light.7 Which of the following best describes Surrell?A. Determined and patient.B. Independent and devoted.C. Generous and reliable.D. Brave and caring.【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了邻居的房子着火了，但是一个

28、婴儿被困在房子里。Surrell冒着生命危险，勇敢地冲进房子里，跪在地上摸索着，最终找到了婴儿，将她带了出来。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“he got a call from his daughter: “The house next door is on fire!” He went to look. Thats when he saw an old woman crying outside. (他接到女儿的电话：“隔壁的房子着火了!”他去看了看。就在这时，他看到一个老妇人在外面哭。)”和文章第二段“The babys in there!” she cried. (“孩子在里面!

29、”她叫道。)”可知，隔壁房子着火了，但是一个婴儿还在着火的房子里，所以那个老妇人在外面哭。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The thick smoke burned his eyes and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been dangerous for anyone, but for Surrell, who had lung disease, they were lifethreatening (威胁生命的). (浓烟灼伤了他的眼睛，使他无法呼吸。这种情况对任何人来说都是危险的，但对患

30、有肺病的Surrell来说，这是危及生命的。)”可知，着火的房子浓烟滚滚，使人无法呼吸，这对于患有肺病的Surrell来说是致命的。由此推知，大火可能会导致他死亡。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Still unable to see, Surrell fell to his knees on the hot wood floor and climbed toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl.(Surrell仍然看不见，他跪在滚烫的木地板上，朝声音传来的地方爬去，四处寻找那个女孩的踪迹。)”和文章

31、最后一段“Finally, he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled the baby toward him. (最后，他摸到了什么东西。先是鞋子，然后是脚踝。他把婴儿拉向自己。)”可知，Surrell在看不见的情况下，跪在炽热的木地板上，爬到声音传来的地方，四处寻找女孩的踪迹。最后，他找到了婴儿的鞋子和脚踝。由此可知，他是通过跪在地上四处摸索找到婴儿的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Surrell, then 64, ran inside without hesitation (犹豫).( 当时64岁的索雷

32、尔毫不犹豫地跑了进去。)”可知，短文主要讲Surrell冒着生命危险冲进着火的房子里去救一个婴儿，这体现了他勇敢，有爱心的特点。故选D。CMarine life (海洋生物) in Florida Keys is negatively influenced by two forces: human activity and climate change. The former involves fishing, tourism and diving while the latter causes a large increase in intense hurricanes. Fortunate

33、ly, when the researchers of Florida Museum of Natural History started looking for sea urchins (海胆) on the ocean floor off the coast of Florida Keys in the summer of 2020, they uncovered their population had relatively been stable since the 1960s.The researchers visited 27 sites along a 20-mile stret

34、ch of coast near Florida Keys looking for tracks that reflected the presence of burrowing echinoids (穴居海胆类动物).“The findings that burrowing echinoids have been highly resilient (有适应力的) against climate change and environmental pollution over the last 60 years was a huge discovery for us.” said study c

35、o-author Tobias Grun.Grun said, “However, we know little about their current distribution, population size, and health. The reason is not the lack of interest by the scientific community but lies in that fieldwork is very expensive.” As the climate crisis progresses, its important to understand why

36、some marine creatures are more resilient in bearing the impacts of a worsening environment than others. Grun said, “Evolution may be at play. Some marine animals are very opportunistic. They can tolerate a wide range of abiotic factors like pH, temperature, and salinity, to name a few.”Grun added, “

37、At this point, our data show that burrowing echinoids are more resilient than many other marine species and are doing comparatively well. That does not mean that we can push our luck and keep going the way we are right now. Our study provides some hope that these creatures are resilient, but much mo

38、re work is needed to translate our findings into a larger scale. The reasons for their resilience are also widely unknown.”8. Which has a bad effect on the marine life in Florida Keys?A. Wildfire.B. Farming.C. Fishing.D. Flood.9. What did Grun think of the findings?A. Indifferent.B. Important.C. Sub

39、jective.D. Outdated10. What was a challenge for the research according to Grun?A. The aims.B. The membersC. The costD. The usage11. What does Grun tell us in the last paragraph?A. Its necessary to do further research.B. Its right to keep going the present way.C. The reasons for sea urchins resilienc

40、e are well known.D. Fish are more resilient than other marine species.【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。研究人员发现，Florida Keys的海胆数量相对稳定，这对研究海洋生态系统有重要意义。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Marine life (海洋生物) in Florida Keys is negatively influenced by two forces: human activity and climate change. The former involv

41、es fishing, tourism and diving while the latter causes a large increase in intense hurricanes.(Florida Keys的海洋生物受到两个力量的负面影响：人类活动和气候变化。前者涉及渔业、旅游和潜水，而后者导致强烈飓风的数量大幅增加)”可知，捕鱼业对Florida Keys的海洋生物有负面作用。故选C项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers visited 27 sites along a 20-mile stretch of coast near Florida Key

42、s looking for tracks that reflected the presence of burrowing echinoids (穴居海胆类动物). The findings that burrowing echinoids have been highly resilient (有适应力的) against climate change and environmental pollution over the last 60 years was a huge discovery for us. said study co-author Tobias Grun.(研究人员在Fl

43、orida Keys附近的沿海20英里范围内的27个地点进行了访问，寻找反映穴居海胆类动物存在的痕迹。研究合著者托比亚斯格伦表示：我们发现，在过去60年里，穴居海胆对气候变化和环境污染的适应能力很强，这对我们来说是一个巨大的发现。)”可知，格伦认为这些发现很重要。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Grun said, However, we know little about their current distribution, population size, and health. The reason is not the lack of interest by the

44、scientific community but lies in that fieldwork is very expensive.(格伦说：然而，我们对它们当前的分布、种群规模和健康状况知之甚少。原因并不是科学界缺乏兴趣，而是实地调查非常昂贵。)”可知，格伦对穴居海胆类动物的分布、种群规模和健康状况知之甚少，是因为实地调查非常昂贵，推知费用是这项研究面临的挑战。故选C项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Grun added, At this point, our data show that burrowing echinoids are more resilient than ma

45、ny other marine species and are doing comparatively well. That does not mean that we can push our luck and keep going the way we are right now. Our study provides some hope that these creatures are resilient, but much more work is needed to translate our findings into a larger scale. The reasons for

46、 their resilience are also widely unknown.(格伦补充说：目前，我们的数据显示，穴居海胆比许多其他海洋物种更具适应能力，并且状况相对较好。但这并不意味着我们可以一直保持现状而不受后果。我们的研究为这些生物的有适应力提供了一些希望，但还需要进行更多工作将我们的发现扩大到更大的范围。它们适应力的原因也很大程度上不为人所知。)”可知，格伦觉得还需要进行更多工作将他们的发现扩大到更大的范围，也就是做进一步的研究。故选A项。DWeve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane,

47、 surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all dont have enough conversational ability. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its embarrassing and chal

48、lenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its a valuable social practice that leads to big benefits.It is easy to consider small talk as unimportant, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist (存在) if there werent casual conversations. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of