高中英语2024届高考非谓语动词知识讲解0422.doc

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1、高考英语非谓语动词知识讲解一、to do的基本用法（一）对动词的补充1.It was late, so Idecidedto takea taxi.decide: 决定去做什么2.Tom is in difficult position, so Iagreedto helphim.agree: 同意去做什么3.Dontforgetto lockthe doorwhen you go out.forget: 忘记去做什么【语法结构】V.+ to do/1.我需要你去问他。I needyouto askhim.2.他想要我去见医生。He askedmeto seea doctor.3.我要你现在就

2、告诉我。I wantyouto tellmeright now.【语法结构】V.+ S + to do【特殊词汇】suggest:1.Kate suggested me to ask your advice.2.Kate suggested to ask your advice.3.Kate suggested that I should ask your advice.4.Kate suggested asking your advice.enjoy/mind/avoid:1.I enjoy to read.I enjoy reading.2.Would you mind to close

3、the door? Would you mind closing the door? 3.I try to avoid to go shopping on Saturdays.I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays.【辨析含义】Remember to do/doing1.I know I locked the door.I clearlyremember lockingit.记得做过2.I mustremember to paythe bill.记住去做Regret to do/ doing1.Do youregret not goingto th

4、e college?遗憾做过2.Iregret to tellyou that you didnt pass the exam.遗憾地做Go on to do/doing1.We need to change.We cantgo on living like this.继续同一件事2.After discussing the education, the president thenwent on to talk aboutforeign policy.继续另一件事begin/start/continue.1.It started to rain.2.It started raining.无含

5、义区别（二）对形容词的补充个人反应：1.I amhappyto meetyou.2.Most people areafraidto hearthe truth.3.She isanxiousto gohome.事物判断：1.Do you think the water issafe to drink?The water is safe. 表达不够恰当Do you think it issafeto drink the water?2.The questions are very difficult.They areimpossible to answer.The questions are i

6、mpossible.表达不够恰当It isimpossibleto answer the questions.3.Tom isinteresting to talk to.Tom is interesting.表达不够准确It isinterestingto talk to Tom.对他人的评价：1.It issilly of youto give up your job when she needs the money.I think you are silly.2.It iskind of youto come.I think you are kind.3.It isstupid of y

7、outo forget his number.I think you are stupid.（三）对名词的补充名词的补充：1.I have manybooksto read.read books2.Tom needsa friendto play with.play with a friend后置补充：（后置定语 .的）1.I would likesomethingto stop my toothache.Something can stop my toothache.2.It wasa warto end all wars.A war can end all wars.3.I gotthe

8、keyto open the door.The key can open the door.拓展1.I dont think he isthe best manto do the job.2.He wasthe firstto be there.3.Thenext trainto arrive is from London.逻辑关系：1.There is noneedto stay.What is the “need”?2.I have no wish to change.What is the “wish”?3.I told her about my decision to leave.Wh

9、at is the “decision”?二、to do OR doing?（一）其后直接跟to do的动词1.Some verbs can be followed immediately by ato-infinitive:（二）其后通过跟doing的动词2.Some verbs are normally followed by the-ingform, not theto-infinitive:比如：I alwaysenjoy cooking.I always enjoy to cook.We haventfinished eatingyet.We havent finished to e

10、at.Shekeepschangingher mind about the wedding.（三）其后可跟to do& doing, 含义不同3.Some verbs can be followed by a to-infinitive or the -ing form, but with a change in meaning:比如：1.Working in London means leaving home at 6:30.(Because I work in London, this is the result or consequence.)👉这里的means含义为“意

11、味着”，表示一种结果2.I didnt mean to make you cry.(I didnt intend to make you cry.)👉这里的mean to do sth.含义为“意图做某事”三、to do进阶用法（一）/to have done: 完成式/I am happyto visitChina.即将拜访I am happyto have visitedso many places in China.拜访结束（二）/to be doing: 进行式/（那天）我进屋的时候，他正在睡觉。He was sleeping when I came in.2.（那天）

12、我进屋的时候，他正在假装睡觉。He pretendedto be sleepingwhen I came in.He has been sitting there all day.He seems to have been sitting there all day.（三）/to be done: 被动式/1.（领导）他想让信尽快发出。He wantedthe letterto deliverat once.He wantedthe letterto be deliveredat once.2.她要求分给她一份轻松的活。Sheaskedto givean easy task.Sheaskedt

13、o be givenan easy task.四、to 的省略（一）使役动词：let/make/have1.Her parents wontlether go out with her boyfriend.2.If you wont do it, I willmakeyou do it.3.HaveSmith come and see me.（二）感官动词：see/watch/hear1.Isawher cross the road.2.Watchme jump over the stream.3.Iheardthe bomb explode.（三）强制省去1.Why notto visit

14、her on Monday? Why not visit her on Monday?2.Youhad betterto go now.You had better go now.3.Iwould ratherto go by train.I would rather go by train.【to的非强制省去】1.动词不定式做表语，主语部分含有动词do （国内标准化测试通常视为必须删除）a.What I want you todois (to) help Mary with homework.b.The only thing you have todois (to) press the bu

15、tton.2.but, except之前存在实义动词do时，可以省略（国内标准化测试通常认为必须删除）a.They did nothing but complain.b.She did everything but make her bed.3.help sb.do sth./help sb.to do sth.二者均存在，带to的结构在英国英语中常见，不带to的结构在美国英语中常见4.连续使用动词不定式，第二个通常删除a.I would like to lie down and (to) do sleep.b.I wish to finish my business and (to) get away.5