2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修三Unit5 Learning from nature课时作业.docx

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1、2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修三Unit5 Learning from nature课时作业课时作业（一）主题阅读集群训练（限时40分钟）I .阅读理解A（2023 合月巴模拟）Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, weve faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of leafy greens one year can dry up and b

2、low away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences: South Africa5 s ongoing drought the worst in three decades will cost it a

3、t least a quarter of its corn harvest this year.Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cap Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take qualities from rare wild plan

4、ts that are adapted to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. The type of farming I am aiming for is literally so that people can survive as its going to get drier and drier,v Farrant says.Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants and a few fierce plants are highly adaptable to the

5、everchanging conditions. Farrant calls one of them resurrection plants （复苏植物）.During months without water under a harsh sun, they fade and contract until they look like a pile of dead green leaves but rainfall can revive them in the matter of hours. That is to say, when they detect and extend dry pe

6、riod, they produce sugars and certain stress - associated proteins and other materials in their tissues to enter a glass -like state that is “the most stable state that a plant can maintain2 .（完成句子）So wed like to invite you to join us and we do believe that there is no ong more suitable than you （没有

7、人比你更适合）for this competition.3 .（完成句子）The server designed （被设计）store huge amounts of data.4 .（完成句子）I take it for granted that （想当然地认为）parents should do everything for us, which actually is wrong.5 .（完成句子）Last Sunday, our school held a five -kilometer cross country running race, in which all students

8、in Senior 3 took part （高 三全体学生都参加了）.6 . （完成句子）When running all the way to the footthe mountain （一路跑到山脚下时），some students fell behind.7 .（同义转换）Lang Ping didnt respond to the question that reporter asked.fLang Ping made no response to the question that reporter asked.8 . Because he was busy with a very

9、 important experiment, he would not attend the party.fBecause he was employed in doing a very important experiment, he wou 1 d not attend the party.（同义句转换）f Employed in doing a very important experiment, he wou 1 d not attend the party.（分词短语作状语）9 . Traveling can broaden your mind, but its not a good

10、 idea to spend too much time and money on it.（用while引导的让步状语从句改写）f While 工raveling gan broaden your mind, its not a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.10 .（一句多译）由于种种原因，汤姆辞去了委员会的职务。For various reasons, Tom resigned from the committee.For various reasons, Tom resigned as a member of the c

11、ommittee.n .语法填空No matter whether we，re writing, cooking or building, the first thing1 appears in our mind is: What can we add to make it better?Why do we think this way? Researchers 2 (publish) a paper about the human tendency to make changes through addition in the last journal Nature.The research

12、 team designed a Lego experiment in which 3 small plastic figure stands under a roof supported by a single pillar (柱子)in one corner. How would you change the structure 4 (place) a brick on the roof without causing the roof to collapse on the plastic figure? Each additional Lego block would cost 10 c

13、ents.The team found that the majority of participants chose to stabilize the roof 5 adding blocks to prevent the roof from collapsing. But in fact, there is a 6 (simple) way get rid of the original pillar and fix the roof 7 (direct) to the base.uAdditive ideas come to mind quickly and easily, 8 subt

14、ractive (减法的)ideas require more cognitive (认矢口的)effort, v co -author of the paper Benjamin Converse told Science Daily. Because people are often moving fast and working with the first 9 (idea) that come to mind, they end up 10 (accept) additive solutions without considering subtraction at all. ”语篇解读

15、：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人类倾向于通过添加来做出改变 而考虑使用减法。1. that 考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词thing被序数词 the first修饰，故应用关系代词that。2. published 考查一般过去时。根据 in the last journal Nature” 可 知，此处应用一般过去时。故填published。3. a考查冠词。此处第一次提到plastic figure,所以表泛指，应用不定 冠词，且small以辅音音素开头，故填a。4. to place考查不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。 故填 to placeo5. by考

16、查介词。此处是指通过添加积木来稳定屋顶，应用介词by表示“通6. simpler考查形容词比较级。此处与前面的“添加积木来稳定屋顶”作比较，是指有一个更简单的方法，应用形容词比较级。故填simpler。7. directly 考查副词。修饰动词fix应用副词。故填directly。8. but 考查连词。上文 uAdditive ideas come to mind quickly and easily v 和下文 subtractive ideas require more cognitive effort” 之间构成转折关 系，且空格后没有逗号，故用转折连词but。9. ideas 考查名

17、词复数。根据定语从句“that come to mind中的come” 可知，关系词that代指的是名词复数。故填ideas。10. accepting考查固定搭配和动名词。end up doing意为“以而告终”，为固定搭配，应用动名词作宾语。故填accepting。III.应用文写作为了亲近自然，缓解压力，你校高三全体师生到你校附近的西山公园徒步旅 行。请根据下列要点为校报写一篇英语短文介绍此次活动。1 .活动开展的时间、地点；2 .活动过程；3 .你的感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；4 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：To refresh our mind and re

18、duce pressure from our study and work, students and teachers of Senior 3 took a trip in the West Mountain Park.At 8： 00 am, all the students and teachers gathered on the playground and then marched in a line towards the park. We were all in high spirits. We sang, told jokes and chatted as we climbed

19、 along the winding walkways, enjoying green trees and blossoming flowers. At around 10： 00 am, we reached the lawn square at the top of the mountain, where we had a rest, took photos and shared snacks. An hour later, we picked up after ourselves and began to return.Although my legs were heavy when I

20、 returned school, Im proud that I could have the perseverance to complete the trip. I will carry forward no matter what challenges lie ahead in my study.Last year, after Chinese team published a draft genome （基因组）of rock violet, one of the best studied resurrection plants, Farrant and colleagues pub

21、lished a detailed study of another candidate. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas 一 so far mostly done in the lab 一 on test plots.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍为了应对极端干旱气候对一些 地区农作物产生的影响，科学家正在努力寻找方法，从已经适应极端干旱气候的 稀有野生植物中提取特殊品质，并将其用于粮食作物。但目前该研究还在实验阶 段。1. Which can be responsible for

22、 the reduction in corn crop in South Africa?A. Facing unpredictable rain.B. Lacking advanced irrigation.C. The food security.D. The ongoing drought.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，持续的干旱是南非玉 米减产的原因。2. Why does Jill Farrant conduct the relevant study?A. To maintain the most stable state of tough plants.B. To g

23、row crops in places with unpredictable rainfall.C. To apply the special quality of wild plants to human farming.D. To survive extreme dry weather and ever-changing conditions.解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“She is hard at work.Farrant says. ”可知，法兰特的相关实验是为了将野生植物的特殊品质应用于人类农业。3. What does the underlined word “contr

24、act” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Shrink.B. Die.C. Withdraw.D. Rest.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，缺水以及强烈的阳光会 让它看起来像一堆死了的叶子，由此可知，它褪色变小了。故画线词意为“收缩, 变小”,与shrink同义。4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The research is still on trial.B. Chinese team worked harder.C. One of the candidates has been put int

25、o use.D. The results contribute to resurrection plants.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，该研究还在实验阶 段。BThe Alice Ferguson Foundation is a non-profit group that works to improve the environment by building relationships between people and nature. It teaches people ways to protect the environment. At the end of t

26、he year, it designs events to help children celebrate Christmas without increasing the amount of waste they create.Hanna Seligmann works for the foundation. VOA joined Seligmann recently during one of her talks. So let，s figure out what is in our bag of trash. She shows adults and children how to re

27、duce waste during the holiday gift -giving season. You can sort it as a cardboard item or you can sort it as a plastic item,“ Seligmann works with volunteers. We encourage using things that are already in your house like newspapers, old magazines, using a gift within a gift. You can wrap something i

28、n a reusable napkin, wrap something in a scarf, or a shawl （围 巾）or even a reusable to tote bag （大手提袋）.”Lori Arguelles is the executive director for environmental education at the Alice Ferguson Foundation. Over time we realized that really just doing trash clean ups was the symptom of the problem, n

29、ot getting to the root cause. And it was just a little over a decade ago that we started the initiative itself. ”One activity is called the Trash Timeline Game. It teaches children that the things they throw away do not decompose at the same rate. For example paper dissolves in about four weeks. An

30、apple core takes two months.A metal can take up to 100 years. A plastic bag will not decompose for 450 years. Glass takes 1, 000 years. And, they say, styrofoam 0包沫聚苯乙烯） never dissolves.Young people taking part in the program learn that reducing waste is important not just during the holidays, but e

31、very day of the year.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 The Alice Ferguson Foundation是一个致力于让公民参与环保的非营利组织，以及这个组织旨在引导 人们在环保方面做出措施与行动。5. Why is the Alice Ferguson Foundation created?A. To help children celebrate Christmas.B. To reduce the amount of waste.C. To make the environment better.D. To build relationships b

32、etween people and nature.解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，The Alice Ferguson Foundation 是一个致力于让公民参与环保的非营利组织，目的是让环境更好。6. What suggestion does Seligmann give on wrapping gifts?A. It is better to use cardboard items to wrap gifts.B. It is better to wrap gifts in some things capable of being used again.C. It is bett

33、er not to wrap gifts in plastic items.D. It is better not to wrap gifts at all.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Seligmann鼓励人们用 可再次利用的东西来包装礼物。7. What can we infer from Lori Arguelles5 s words?A. Doing trash clean-ups means a lot to protecting the environment.B. We still need to make great efforts on the way to

34、 protecting the environment.C , Over a decade our efforts to protect the environment proved fruitless.D. Over time we found the root cause of protecting the environment.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中Lori Arguelles说的话可知，要保护环境还需要付出更大的努力。8. Whats the meaning of “decompose“ underlined in Paragraph 4?A. Break down.B.

35、 Break out.C. Store up.D. Store away.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句并结合下文列举的例子可知， 上文陈述的是关于物品分解速度的问题，故此处decompose意为“分解”,与break down同义。II.阅读七选五Ways to Get Your Kids into NatureBeing in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children，s lives, even i

36、f you live in the city.Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parents excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit.9. “I dont know! Lets find out together. is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure a

37、nd allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children.10 . If you have to carpool （拼车）in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. Aft

38、er all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial.Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your children，s health and well-being. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in i

39、t.XX , nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing （天体观察）with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understan

40、ding of the universe. 12 .Plant a small garden. 13. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.A. Limit electronic devices while drivingB. Encourage questions you dont know the answers toC. If you want to raise your healt

41、hy, well-balanced childrenD. If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetablesE . It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togethernessF. If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the communityG. Allow yourself to think about it, and talk to your

42、children about that wonder语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。9 .选B根据空后一句以及上文中的Inspire curiosity”可推知，此处 表示鼓励孩子和你一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起孩子的好奇心, 故B项承上启下，符合语境。10 .选A根据空后一句可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一 种与自然接触的方式，故A项衔接下文，符合语境。11 .选 C 根据上文的Time in nature . . and well-being. n 和空后的 unurturing creativity . as parents可

43、推知,如果想要培养出健康、明智 的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故C项承上启下，符 合语境。12 .选G根据空前一句可推知，观察星空能够加深对自然界的理解。G项中 的it指代空前一句中的“the universe”,故G项承接上文，符合语境。13 .选D空处承接空前一句，并与空后一句呼应，此处作者建议父母开辟 一个小菜园，帮孩子种点蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故D项承上启下，符 合语境。III.完形填空From the moment my husband brought home a box of six chicks from Tractor Supply Compan

44、y at the start of the pandemic, our nine year old, Sophie, hasn，t let them out of her sight. She 14 them Trixie, Bearty, Sweet Pea, Speedie, Captain Flint, and Adrian (we were reading Treasure Island and watching Rocky at the time) and was very 15 when we wouldn，t let them sleep in her bed.Sophie ta

45、kes at least one chicken everywhere we let her and has done 16 things with her chicks. One hot day, she wanted to take Captain Flint to the river. I wasn，t so _1 about it: Could chickens swim? Sophie j 8 a stick on her swimming ring for Captain Flint to stand on, and the two floated down the creek.N

46、aturally, Sophie 19 as a chicken for Halloween and convinced us Trixie had to come. The 20 from neighbors were funny. Wait, is that a real chicken youre holding? ” Trixie cooed the whole time.The chickens are teaching us about love as well as loss and grief. 21 , Captain Flint faced an untimely deat

47、h after a hawk attack. We had a chicken 22, said a few words about what a good chicken she was, and thanked her for the joy she brought to our lives 23 we buried her.The chickens weren，t 24 in the house until one morning after online school when Sophie told me, “Theres nothing to feel about. Since t

48、hen, weve allowed one inside at a time if Sophie immediately 26 after the visit. The chickens brought 27 back to our lives. In a few short months, they have taught us to 2g situations we can5 t change and find joy where we can.1 am so grateful.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家和六只小鸡之间的故事, 这些小鸡给作者一家带来了欢乐。14. A. gaveB. toldC. namedD. showed解析：选 C 根据后文“Trixie, Bearty, Sweet Pea, Speedie, Captain Flint, and Adrian”可知，此处是指苏菲给这些小鸡起名。故选C。15. A.guiltyB. upsetC. delighted. embarrassed解析：选B 根据上文“hasnt let them out of her sightv可知，此处 是指如果作者不让小鸡们在她的床