2023-2024学年人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters知识点+练习 学案.docx

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1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersPeriod I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking1. rescue n.营救；救援名词短语：the/ones rescue 搭救某人；救助某人动词短语：rescue. 从中拯救答案：come to; from练习：1) Finally they(rescue) by helicopter.2) It took the firefighters 5 hours to rescue the boy the well.3) A wealthy businessman came to(they)

2、 rescue with a generous donation.答案： were rescued; from; their2. damage n.损坏；损失；损害赔偿金 v.损害；破坏/damage to. 对 造成伤害答案：do; cause练习：1) The accident caused some damage my car, but its nothing serious.2) Smoking seriously(damage) your health.3) Several cars(damage) in crash which happened last night.4) His

3、doctor told me that his nerves(damage) and he was unconscious (昏迷的).蒙受巨大损失：心脏病发作：suffer 遭受；患病；因而痛苦答案：sufferer; suffering; suffer pain; suffer a defeat; suffer huge losses; suffer a heart attack; from练习：1) The war has caused terrible to the local people.2) She received many letters of support from fe

4、llow.3) Shortly after from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city tookon a new look.4) You have no feeling for the of others.5) He head injuries in a road accident.答案：suffering; sufferers; suffering; sufferings; suffered长难句1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!as if的用

5、法意为“仿佛；好像”，与asthough同义，可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。1) as if/as though引导表语从句，主语中的系动词常用look, appear, seem, sound等。It sounds as if/as though you had a good time.2) as if/as though引导方式状语从句I remembered the whole thing as if/ as though it happened yesterday.3） as if还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生（存在）的情况时，从句谓语常用

6、虚拟语气，结构如下：与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去时（be动词用were）与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用过去完成时（had done）与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/might do1) They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。2) It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？3) He

7、 opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说些什么。练习：He treats me as if I(be) his own daughter.They talked as if/though they(be) friends for years.(3)It seems as if .噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。答案： were; had been; the noise came from upstairs.2. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.“主语+系动词+表语+

8、todo”结构 在此结构中，表语一般为性质形容词，常见的性质形容词有easy, hard, difficult, safe, interesting, heavy, light, pleasant, good, nice, comfortable, dangerous, impossible 等。止匕句型可转 换成“It + be+adj.+动词不定式”的结构。注意:1）在该结构中，当动词不定式或句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时丁不定式多用主动形式 表示被动意义。He is not easy to get along with.=It is not easy to get along with

9、him.The book is very interesting to readmit is very interesting to read the book.2）当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后加上适当的介词。The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to sit on.=The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to sit on the chair.练习:1) This machine is very e

10、asy(operate). Anyone can learn to use it in a few minutes.2) The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable(hold).3) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good(breather).4) The noise outside is hard to put up.5) is unfit to d

11、rink the water in this well.答案：to operate; to hold; to breathe; with; It3. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soliders to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.常接动词不定式作宾补的动词 advise, allow, ask, command (命令)，encourage, invite, persuade (说月艮),prefer, tell练习：1) First

12、 of all, please allow me(introduce) myself to you.2) Toms brother who is now a doctor always encourages him(study) hard and go to college.3) The Chairman thought it necessary to invite at the meeting.答案：to introduce; to study; to speakPeriod II Discovering Useful Structure & Listening and Talking1.

13、supply n. C供应（量）；储备；（复数）补给品，必需品U供应；供给1V.提供；供应n.供应商in supply 供应短缺supply sb sth.给某人提供某物supply sth sb提供某物给某人be/supplied with sth.某物供应充足/不足答案：supplier; short; with; to; well; poorly练习：1) A pipeline has been built(supply) some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China.2) Water is short su

14、pply, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housingleft for them to buy.3) The brain requires constant(supply) of oxygen.4) The lounge was well supplied ashtrays.答案：to supply; in; supply; with2. survive vt.幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过；比活(或存在)的时间长 Vi.生存；存活；继续存在 n.幸存者；生还者 n. U幸存C残余物；幸存物survive 依靠生存下来答案：

15、survivor; survival; on练习：1) As far as I know, he survived a small bottle of water in the desert.2) In the traffic accident, the(survive) were all badly injured.3) If cancers are spotted early, there9s a high chance of(survive).4) Her parents died in the accident, but she(survive).5) Not everyone has

16、 realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights(survive).答案：on; survivors; survival; survived; to survive3. calm adj.镇静的；沉着的；(海洋、湖泊等)风平浪静的；(天气)无风的V.(使)镇静；(使)平静 adv.镇定地；沉着地丁 n,平静；镇定形容词短语：/保持冷静动词短语：calm (sb) (使某人)安静下来；(使某人)平静下来答案：calmly; calmness; keep; remain; stay;

17、 down练习：1) All things there gave him s feeling of security and(calm).2) Everyone must think this situation through(calm) and coolly.3) Some people say soft music(calm) our nerves (神经).4) He was very excited, and it was long before he(calm) down.5) Never have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself.答案

18、：calmness; calmly; calms; calmed; down易混辨析：calm, quite still 与 silent易混词用法calm指湖泊、海洋等处于一种风平浪静的状态；指人镇静或不慌张；还可以指地点、时 期、情况等是平静的或稳定的。quiet指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于一种静止的状态或宁静的环境；指人时，表示不发出声音或不发表意见，也可指人的性格温和、文静、不易激动等。still主要指完全无动作，通常用于表示物理上的静止，不表示心理上的平静。silent着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动。练习：1) Youd better keep about

19、 this and dont tell anyone else.2) He lives a life in the country.3) Please sit when I take your photo.4) After the storm the sea was.答案：silent/quiet; quiet; still; calm4. aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资；援助款项v.帮助；援助名词短语：give aid 进行急救the aid of 在的帮助下/to sbs aid二/to the aid of sb. 帮助某人aid ofsb./sth.为了帮助某人/某事动词短语:aid

20、 sb(doing) sth.帮助某人(做)某事aid sb to do sth.帮助某人做某事aid sb sth.在某方面帮助某人答案：first; with; come; go; come; go; in; in; with练习：1) A large crowd came the aid of the injured.2) A dictionary can aid us learning a new language.3) the aid of the local guide, we finally made it out of the jungle.4) The neighbours

21、are planning a concert aid of the church repairs.答案：to; in; With; inPeriod III Reading for Writing1. sweep （swept, swept） v.打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行n.清洁工；清扫机器sweep 打扫；清扫sweep 消灭；摧毁；彻底消除sweep 扫视； 掠过sweep 扫过；掠过；风行答案：sweeper; up; away; over; across; around; through2. strike vi. & vt. （struck, struck/strick

22、en）In.前锋1）突然发生（某种不幸）；（灾难、疾病等）侵袭常用搭配：be struck 被侵袭2）碰撞；撞击3）攻击；突然袭击strike 朝打去 strike 回击；反击4）（使）突然想起；（使）突然想到使某人突然想起=It occurs to sb that.5）（摩擦）打（火花）；划；击出（火星）、6）（时钟）敲，鸣，响7) v.&n.罢工be strike 在罢工 go strike 举彳亍罢工答案：striker; by; at; back; It strikes sb that; on; on练习：1) The tower of the church(strike) by li

23、ghting last night.2) The electricity workers have been strike for several weeks.3) He fell, his head(strike) on the table.答案： was struck; on; striking4) deliver vt. & vi.递送；传达vt发表ln.传递；传送deliver sth.把某物投递/传送/运送到deliver sb.把某人从中解救出来deliver a/ 发表演讲答案：delivery; to; from; speech; address5) effect n.影响；结

24、果；效果；效应；作用v.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动I5) Actually, severe damage(do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution (进化).答案：to; damages; were damaged; were damaged/had been damaged; done3.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭；消灭；破灭I n.U摧毁；毁灭；破坏Xadj.造成破坏的；毁灭性的destroy one,s/ 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰答案：destruction; destructive; co

25、nfidence; hope; faith易混词：destroy, damage 与 ruindestroy v.指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或难以修复。damage可用作动词或名词，指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的。作名词表示 抽象的“损害；破坏”时，为不可数名词。ruin可以作动词也可以作名词，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽 等，多用于比喻用法中；它有时还泛指一般意义上的“毁坏”。作名词时常构成短语：fall into ruin/lie in ruins“严重破损；破损不堪”练习：1) The whole village(destro

26、y) in the sudden flood, leaving nothing to the native people.2) Thousands of houses(damage) by the storm, and the repair work would last halfa month.adj.无效的Iadv.有效地；实际地常用搭配：have an/no/much/little effect.对有/没有/有很大/几乎没有影响and effect因果(关系)side effect(s)effect开始起作用；见效take effect/come into effect 生效答案：aff

27、ect; effective; ineffective; effectively; on; cause;副作用；take练习：1) What the teacher says and does always has a great effect his students.2) The law will come effect at the start of October.3) This trend has had some unintended side(effect) such as overweight and heart disease.4) They have reduced pol

28、lution through(effect) measures.5) I cant balance work and home duties(effect).答案：on; into; effects; effective; effectively长难句1. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused bythe strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.过去分词(短语)作定语1)前置定语单个的过去分词，往往是及物动词的

29、过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前，表示被动 和完成意义；不及物动词的过去分词一般作前置定语，不表被动，指表完成。表示被动意义：an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人the injured workers受伤的工人表示完成意义：a retired teacher 一位退休教师2)后置定语过去分词(短语)作后置定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语 从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written.)Who were the so-called

30、guests invited(=who had been invited) to your party last night?练习：1) The bell(indicate) the end of the period rang,(interrupt) our heated discussion.2) There was a sudden burst of light(follow) by a terrible noise.答案：indicating; interrupting; followed3) Indian offlcials said as many as 1900 had been

31、 killed along the southern coast.结构：asas.原级比较基本用法：as+adj./adv.+as和一样否定形式：not as/so+adj./adv.+as表示前者不如后者加名词时：as +adj.+(a/an) n.+asThe mobile phone is as useful a tool as the computer.4) when的用法be doing.when.正在做这时be on the point of doing sth. when.正准备做某事,这时be about to do when正准备做某事，这时had (just) done w

32、hen.刚做完某事，这时3) My new white dress was totally(ruin) by the dirty water.4) A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the(destroy) of the rain forests.答案： was destroyed; were damaged; ruined4. affect v.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动；使感动；使悲伤（或怜悯）；使（某人）深 有感触I n.喜爱；钟爱I n.影响名词短语：have an affection 喜爱

33、have an effect 对 产生影响答案：affection; effect; for; on练习:on drivers.my decision.1) Alcohol has a very bad2) Their objection will not3) Cancerhis lungs and brought his life to an end.答案：effect; affect; affected5. sheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避（风雨或危险）名词短语:躲避shelter/shelter 寻找地方躲避.sb. shelter庇护某人the shelt

34、er of sth.在的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下动词短语：shelter sb./sth.保护某人/某物以避免shelter sth. 躲避某物答案：sheltered; under; of; look for/seek from; give; from; from练习:1) Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids every kind of danger.2) She used an umbrella to take shelter the burning sun.3) We sat in the

35、shade,(shelter) from the sun.4) My mother, who had a(shelter) upbringing (抚育),has fantastic memories of childhood.5) He managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to shelter him bad weather.答案：from; from; sheltering; sheltered; from6. ruin n.C废墟(pLmins) U破坏；毁坏；破产v.毁掉；使破产名词短语:ruins严重受损；破败不堪动词短语:r

36、uin ones hope使某人的希望破灭ruin ones health损害某人的健康ruin oneself自我毁灭答案:lie/be; in练习:1) Yesterday a heavy rain(ruin) our picnic.2) When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in3) At that time my wife(ruin) her health through worry.答案：ruined; ruins; was ruining7. in shock 吃惊sh

37、ock vt.（使）震惊；（使）气愤；愤慨 n.U休克；震惊C令人震惊的事；点击adj.吃惊的；震惊的adj.令人气愤的；令人震惊的形容词短语：be shocked/ 对吃惊be shocked that 对感到震惊be shocked sth.做某事很吃惊答案：shocked; shocking; at; by; to do练习：用shock的适当形式填空1) They by her rudeness at yesterdays party.2) The news every one of us at that moment.3) All the people present felt at

38、 the accident.答案： were shocked; shocking; shocked; shocked; shocking8. the number of的数目a number of很多；许多在number之前可加large, small, great, good等表示程度的词；只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式the number of的数目修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式练习：1)对比填空(a number of, the number of)students were absent from the meeting.(2) As a consequence,

39、polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller.2)用所给动词的适当形式填空(3) The number of undergraduates(increase) over the years.(4) A good number of books in the market(be) still examination-oriented.答案： A number of; the number of; has increased; are9. trap vt (trapped; trapped)使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.圈套；困境；(捕捉动物的)夹子，罗网，陷

40、阱be/get trapped/ 困在中；陷在中tr叩sb.(doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事a trap for 给设圈套a trap落入圈套/陷阱答案：in; on; into; set; fall into练习：1) Because of the greenhouse effect the earth is warmed by gases(trap) in the atmosphere.2) These incidents led some scientists to develop ways to keep the costly robots from (trap) in the

41、 sand.答案：trapped; being trapped9. bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏I n.埋葬；葬礼bury ./.把埋藏在be buried 埋头于；专心于bury oneself 埋头于；专心致志于；隐居在bury ones face/head in hands 答案：burial; in; at; in; in;双手抱头；掩面练习：1) He(bury) himself in the country to write a book last year.2) Our dog often(bury) its bones in the garden.3) Once th

42、e house(bury) under ten feet of snow.4) He walked slowly, his hands(bury) in his pockets.5) Her head was buried the book while she was reading.6) In the evenings he buried(he) in his books.答案：buried； buries； was buried; buried; in; himself10. breathe vi. & vt.呼吸n.呼吸；气息 adj.气喘吁吁的 adv.气喘吁吁地adj.令人惊叹的；惊

43、人的动词短语:breathe吸气/呼气名词短语:beones breathones breathbreath恢复正常呼吸屏住呼吸喘不过气来take ones breath away a breath of air/wind答案：breath; breathless; breathlessly; breathtaking; in; out; catch; hold; out of;令某人惊叹；一丝微风 练习：1) There isnt a(breathe) of wind today.2) It is good(breathe) in fresh air instead of city smok

44、e.3) He was(breathe) heavily after chasing the bus.4) Heavy smoking makes him(breath).5) The new manager has(breathe) fresh life into the company.6) He has great difficulty in catching(he) breath.7) She was out of(breathe) from climbing the stairs.8) The doctor told me to breathe and then breathe out slowly.答案：breath; to breathe; breathing; breathless; breathed; his; breath; in11. effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力make efforts 努力；尽力make efforts/an effort to do sth.(尽一切)努力做某事12. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦；遭受；变差X n.C受难者；患者I n.C,U(身体/精神上的)痛苦(作可数名词时常用复数)经受痛苦：遭受失败：