新概念英语第二册+Lesson+4+An+exciting+trip+讲义.docx

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1、新概念英语第二册 Lesson 4 An exciting tripI have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian ca

2、r and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding? this trip very exciting.参考译文我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂 姆是个工程师，正在为一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。 他刚买了一辆澳

3、大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。 他不久还将到达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此, 他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。单词l.exciting adj.令人兴奋的excited adj.（感到）兴奋的 excite v.令兴奋（人作主语）It must be an exciting trip.那一定是一次令人兴奋的旅行。类似的词：surprising令人惊奇的 surprised感到惊奇的 interesting令人感兴趣的 interested感到感兴趣的 shocking令人震惊的 shocked感到震惊的 statisfying令人满意的 sta

4、tisfied感到满意的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 moving令人感动的 moved感到感动的 touching令人感动的 touched感到感动的 embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed感到尴尬的2. receive vt.（1）接到，收到，得到：When did you receive that letter?你什么时候收到那封信的？Susan received a gift/card this morning. 今天上午苏珊收到了一份礼物/一张卡。receive是收到，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与不接受并不清楚。

5、take 则是主动地拿、”取：He told me to take the keys from his pocket.他让我从他口袋里把钥匙拿出来。I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.我叔叔给了我一枝漂亮的钢笔。昨天我弟弟把笔拿走了。（2）招待，接待：You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.如果你要接待这么多客人，你就需要一个大房间。We usually receive guests

6、on Saturday.我们通常星期六招待宾客。receive 收到accept接受take拿走bring带来receiver收到的人；电话听筒He put down the receiver angrily.他生气地挂断电话。3. different adj.（名词为 difference）（1）不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）：Desks are different from tables.书桌与桌子不一样。My room is different form yours.我的房间与你的不同。We are planning something different this year.我们

7、今年有不同的打算。（2）各种各样的，不同的：He has visited many different places in China.他去过中国的不少地方。This department store sells a large number of different things.这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。difference n.区别，差别tell the difference between A and B 辨认 A 与 B 的区别4. firm1） n.（尤作口语）公司He is working for a big firm, 他在一家大公司工作。company （更口语化）

8、公司corporation 公司，法人。团体enterprise事业单位，企业，单位，公司，商行group集团公司2） adj.牢固的，稳固的，坚实的Prices are still firm.物价仍旧很稳定。as firm as rock坚如磐石a firm foundation坚实的基础3） adj.坚定的，坚决的His reply to the request was a firm No!他坚决地拒绝这个要求。5. centre （U.S. -ter）shopping center 购物中心shopping mall大型购物商城training center 培训中心service ce

9、ntre 服务 中 心Beijing is the center of politics, economics and culture of China.北京是中国政治，经济和文化的中心。6. abroad adv. 在国夕卜（in or to another country overseas）be abroad在国外go abroad 出国live abroad在国外居住traval abroad出国旅行He w川 go abroad next month.他下个月出国。语法一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1 . 一般过去时表示在过去的具体时间里发生的动作，而现在完成时是表示在 过去不确定的

10、时间里发生的事情。I finished my work two hours ago.两个小时前我就完成了我的工作了。I have already finished my work.我已经完成我的工作了。（表示刚完成）I was in Europe last year / when I was ten years old.去年/在我10岁那年我在欧洲。（表示现在不在）I have been in Europe many times / once （no mention of time）.我曾经来过欧洲很多次。（现在可能在欧洲，也可能不在。未提到过去的具体时 间。）2 .现在完成时表示某一已完成的

11、动作对现在所造成的影响和结果，强调的是 现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时只是单纯表 示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He has lived in Beijing since liberation.解放后他一直住在北京。He lived in Beijing before liberation.解放前他住在北京。We have visited a power station.我们曾经参观过一个发电站。We visited a power station last week.上周我们参观了一个发电站。He has gone ba

12、ck to his native town.他已经回到他的家乡了。He went back to his native town last month.他上个月回到了他的家乡。二、现在完成时与现在进行时的区别现在完成时的时间概念有时是不确定的。我们所关心的是现存的结果，或者 过去发生的事对现在的影响。现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的副词如ago, yesterday等连用。经常和现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语有：before （以前）， so far （到目前为止），up to now （直到现在），just （刚刚），already （已经）, lately （最近）；疑问句和否定句中常用ev

13、er, yet, never, not.ever等。现在进 行时经常用于表示在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况，因此往往不需要和时 间状语连用。试比较：Have you washed the dishes yet?你洗完那些碟子了吗？Im washing them now.我正在洗。I have just made the cakes.我刚做好这些蛋糕。I am making cakes.我正在做蛋糕。三、同位语一个名词（或名词短语）与另一个名词（或名词短语）并列而作为其说明或限 定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。课文中有 两句话含有同位语：I have just

14、received a letter from my brother, Tim.我刚刚收到我弟弟蒂姆的来信。（Tim是my brother的同位语。它们指的是同一 个人。Tim用来补充说明my brother的名字）He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。（在这句话中，a small town in the centre of Australia 是 A

15、lice Springs 的同位语, 补充说明这是个多大的镇子，在什么地方。）在译成汉语时，同位语或插入主语中，或另外译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗 号隔开。请参阅课文中两个句子的译文。同位语如果太长，可以另译为一句。如 课文中第二个例句的后半部分可以译为：现在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。这是澳大利 亚中部的一个小镇。其他同位语的例句如：This is John, one of my best friends.这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad.我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。课文讲解An exciting

16、 tripexciting adj.令人兴奋的。注意区分它与excited的用法excited adj.某人自己感到兴奋的，动词的宾语是人，让后面的人感到激动或兴 奋。例如：an exciting story/discovery激动人心的故事/发现He was very excited to be asked to play cards.他非常高兴被邀请去玩扑克。I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.句中receive可以用get替换，表示收到，得到。在我们以前的学习中，hear from 也表示收到某人的来信，尽管提及信，但并不

17、将letter写出来。receive v,接受,收到。同义词 accept； take。固定搭配 receive sth from sb.例如： The mother received a gift from her son.妈妈收到了 一个来自儿子的礼物。He is in Australiao大家知道多少国家的英语名称？想去这些国家旅游吗？Canada加拿大；Brazil巴西Russia俄罗斯；India印度Germany 德国；France 法国New Zealand 新西兰；South Africa 南非Ke has been there for six months.动词的现在完成时：

18、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词（done） o1）肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他2）否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他3） 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在 有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如：I have spent all of my money.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了。）Jane has laid the table.（含义是：现在桌子已经

19、摆好了。）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作（用行为动 词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for （+时间段），since （+时间点或过去时 的句子）连用。例如：Mary has been ill for three days.玛丽病了三天了。I have lived here since 1998.自从1998年我就住在这了。He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number ofdifferent places in Australia.work in强调工作的地点；wor

20、k for强调在工作。例如：A great number of people have applied for the job.很多人申请了这工作。The number of homeless people has increased.无家可归者的人数增加了。现在完成时基本句型：has/have+been+过去分词。现在完成时把过去与现在联系起来。用现在完成时来谈过去发生并且持续或影响 到现在的事情或者动作。句子中常常出现already、yet等标志性词语。例如： Hasnt Peter come home yet?彼德还没回家吗？He has gone to America,他已经去美国了。

21、From there, he will fly（乘飞杆L） to Perth.from从 ，from China to American 从中国到美国；fly to some place=go to some place by airMy brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting, before adv.用在句子的末尾，意思是在此之前，也是现在完成时态的标志。 find+宾语+形容词：sb.find it + adj. todosth.是属于宾语补足语的语法。句子中 的adj.是

22、it的宾语补足语,修饰it。例如: He finds the story interesting.他发现这个故事很有意思。I find it hard to understand.我发现它很难懂。sb.find+(that)从句中，that可以省略。以上两句话也可改为宾语从句。例如： He finds (that) the story is interesting.他发现这个故事很有趣。I find (that) it is hard to understand.我发现这个很难懂。专项练习一、用正确的时态填空，完成练习后再对照课文核对你的答案。I just(receive) a letter

23、from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He (be) there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he already(visit) a great number of different places in Australia. He just (buy) anAustralian car and(go) to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.He will soo

24、n visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother never (be) abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.二、模仿例句完成以下练习。The bell is ringing.The bell hrs just rung.1. He is leaving the house.2. He is having breakfast.3. She is writing a letter.4. My sister is turning on the radio

25、.5. My mother is making the bed.6. She is buying a new hat.三、模仿例句完成以下练习。He is still having breakfast.He hasnt had breakfast yet.1. He is still washing the dishes.2. She is still making the beds.3. He is still combing his hair.4. She is still sweeping the carpet.5. We are still reading Macbeth.四、模仿例句提问。Ive already had lunch.Have you had lunch yet?1. Ive already seen the new play at The Globe.2. Ive already taken my holidays.3. Ive already read this book.4. Ive already done my homework.5. Ive already finished my work.