专题一 名词（课件）-2022年中考英语语法知识点大全.ppt

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1、备战备战2022中考英中考英语语语语法法专题过专题过关关 专题专题一一 名名词词20212021年中考考点真题年中考考点真题1.（呼伦贝尔）（呼伦贝尔）In a conversation between two persons,65%of _ is done through body language.A.informationB.pronunciationC.introductionD.communication2.（苏州）（苏州）In 1961,Yuan Longping found a natural hybrid rice plant that had many a_ over oth

2、ers.advantages考点考点1：名词词义辨析：名词词义辨析考点考点2：名词的数：名词的数D20212021年中考考点真题年中考考点真题3.(杭州杭州)The doctor told the patient to take the m_three times a day4.(铜仁铜仁)You have a nice house!Whose room is this？Its _.A.Jack and PetersB.Jacks and Peters C.Jacks and PeterD.Jack and Peter5.（阜新）（阜新）I want to think about it a b

3、it longer before I make a _（decide）.考点考点4：名词所有格：名词所有格A考点考点5：名词变形：名词变形decision考点考点3：名词的数：名词的数medicine名词名词名词的分类名词的分类普通名词普通名词名词的数名词的数个体名个体名词词,如如:friend，apple，city集体名集体名词词,如如:family，team，class物物质质名名词词,如如:milk,wood，beef抽象名抽象名词词,如如:health，love，courage专有名词专有名词特定的人、地方或机构的名称特定的人、地方或机构的名称,专专有名有名词词的第一个的第一个字字专专

4、有名有名词词母必母必须须大写。如大写。如:Hemingway，Chinasome bread,a cup of tea规则变规则变化化,如如:girlgirls，boxboxes,babybabies，tomatotomatoes不不规则变规则变化化.如如:footfeet，mousemice,fishfish，childchildren 图 解 语 法名词所有格名词所有格可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词s所有格所有格:of所有格所有格:双重所有格双重所有格:David s book the top of the hill a friend of Li Mings考点考点1 1：名词词义辨

5、析：名词词义辨析1.Thank you for the _ you gave me.Im glad theyre helpful.A.suggestionsB.adviceC.newsD.information2.When you go rock climbing,you need to be careful so that you dont have a(n)_.A.chanceB.accident C.secretD.action3.If you work harder,youll have another_ to play the violin at a concert.A.sleepB

6、.chanceC.mistakeD.problem4.His beautiful music has brought _ to people all over the world.A.difficulty B.pleasure C.weatherD.dangerABBB5.There is no _ to make an excuse for your mistake.Youd better correct it right now.A.choice B.chance C.reason D.power6.To keep our city clean and beautiful,the _ ar

7、e always very busy cleaning the streets.A.drivers B.postmen C.firemen D.cleaners7.The Chinese Doctors is a famous movie,and I have seen it twice in the _.A.bank B.cinema C.market D.library8.Maria is always full of _ because she takes exercise every day.A.energy B.talent C.humour D.wealth C D B A考点考点

8、1 1：名词词义辨析：名词词义辨析 22 year old Michael Ha has become an example of young people because of his story of success.He was born in a very poor 1 with five people.His family moved to Britain,but they couldnt find any jobs there because they spoke little English.The whole family lived in a small 2 in a poo

9、r area.Growing up was not easy for Michael,but he never gave up.At the 3 of ten,he set his heart on going to Cambridge University.Michael studied at a 4 which used to be the worst school in Britain.However,young Michael made up his 5 to try his best,no matter what kind of school he was studying at.T

10、he smart boy studied very hard and did well in every subject at school.As a result,Michael reached his 6 .Now Michael is a top medical student in Cambridge University.He hopes he can be an 7 for other young people from disadvantaged backgrounds.考点考点1 1：名词词义辨析：名词词义辨析()1.A.country B.village C.city D.f

11、amily()2.A.home B.house C.building D.office()3.A.stage B.age C.time D.year()4.A.school B.garden C.park D.museum()5.A.mind B.word C.love D.plan()6.A.advice B.goal C.idea D.record()7.A.interest B.example C.opinion D.engineerDBBAABB考点考点1 1：名词词义辨析：名词词义辨析可可数数名名词词有有单单数数、复复数数两两种种形形式式，如如：chair,chairs。单单数数可可

12、数数名名词词不不能能单单独独使使用用，其其前前面面可可加加不不 定定 冠冠 词词(a/an)，定定 冠冠 词词(the)，指指 示示 代代 词词(this/that),形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词或或名名词词所所有有格格等等。a month,the dictionay,his mother,Lucys friend等等。考点考点2 2 名词的数名词的数可数名词可数名词可数名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词单数变复数的规则变化规则规则示例示例一般情况，加一般情况，加sstar_；gift_；invention_以字母以字母s,x,sh,ch等等结结尾的尾的词词，加，加esbus_；box_；w

13、atch_特例：特例：stomach_以字母以字母f或或fe结结尾的尾的词词，变变f或或fe为为v，再加，再加esleaf_；wife_；knife_；life_以以辅辅音字母加音字母加y结结尾的尾的词词，先，先变变y为为i，再加，再加escountry_；baby_；story_；city_starsgiftsinventionsbusesboxeswatchesstomachs考点考点2 2 名词的数名词的数leaveswiveskniveslivescountriesbabiesstoriescities构成方法构成方法示例示例以元音字母加以元音字母加y结结尾的尾的词词，加，加stoy_

14、；monkey_以以辅辅音字母加音字母加o结结尾的尾的词词，若，若表示有生命的加表示有生命的加es，若表示无，若表示无生命的加生命的加stomato_；hero_；photo_；piano_；zoo_；radio_toysmonkeystomatoesheroesphotospianoszoosradios可数名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词单数变复数的规则变化考点考点2 2 名词的数名词的数易失分点易失分点以以s结结尾的尾的词词不一定都是可数名不一定都是可数名词词的复数形式，的复数形式，maths,physics,news是不可数名是不可数名词词。可数名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词单数变复

15、数的规则变化构成方法构成方法示例示例改改a为为eman_；woman_特例：特例：German_；human_改改oo为为eetooth_；foot_在在词词尾加尾加renchild_单单复数形式相同复数形式相同sheep;Chinese;Japanese其他特殊形式其他特殊形式mouse_menwomenGermanshumansteethfeetchildrenmice考点考点2 2 名词的数名词的数1.不可数名词没有复数形式，如：不可数名词没有复数形式，如：water,meat。2.可修饰不可数名词的修饰语：可修饰不可数名词的修饰语：much,little,a little,a bit

16、of,a good/great deal of,a large amount of等。等。3.不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰。直接修饰。若若表表示示数数量量，可可用用量量词词加加不不可可数数名名词词表表达达。常常见见的的计计量量词词有有 piece,kilo,bag,glass,cup,drop 等。等。a bottle of water,a piece of music,two pieces of advice考点考点2 2 名词的数名词的数不可数名词不可数名词a/an+计计量量词词基数基数词词（大于（大于1）+计计量量词词（复数形式

17、）（复数形式）+of+不可数名不可数名词词1.Hurry up!Some _ and _ are on sale in the supermarket.A.tomato;egg B.tomatoes;egg C.tomatoes;eggs D.tomato;eggs2.Micky Mouse is one of the famous _ in American _.A.symbol;culture B.symbol;culturesC.symbols;culture D.symbols;cultures3.Shanghai is one of_in the worldA.the biggest

18、 cities B.biggest citiesC.the biggest city D.bigger cities4.What else do we need to make vegetable soup?_.A.Two bowl water B.Two bowls waterC.Two bowl of waterD.Two bowls of water考点考点2 2 名词的数名词的数考点练习考点练习 C C A D类别类别构成方法构成方法示例示例有生命的名有生命的名词词不以不以s结结尾加尾加 smy sisters bag以以s结结尾加尾加the students vacation表示几个

19、人共同表示几个人共同拥拥有有在最后一个人名后加在最后一个人名后加s Lily and Marys home表示每个人各自表示每个人各自拥拥有有在每个人名后加在每个人名后加sToms and Jacks shoes用于构成不同的用于构成不同的节节日日加加s或或Childrens DayTeachers Day考点考点3 3 名词所有格名词所有格s的所有格的所有格考点考点3 3 名词所有格名词所有格s的所有格的所有格表示两者各自的所属关系表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所各自所有有)，则每个名词都分别使用所有，则每个名词都分别使用所有格形式。格形式。Pauls and Marks mothers.表示

20、两者共同拥有的人或物表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有共有)时，只在后一个名词使用所有格形时，只在后一个名词使用所有格形式即可式即可,Mary and lilys mother.(1)表示表示“店铺店铺”、“某人的家某人的家”、“诊所诊所”、“办公室办公室”的名的名词所有格后，一般省去表示地点的名词。如：词所有格后，一般省去表示地点的名词。如：at the doctors(在诊所在诊所)；go to my uncles(去我叔叔家去我叔叔家)。(2)一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如someone,everybody等和等和else连用时，连用时，s应加在应加在e

21、lse后。如：后。如：everyone elses decision(其他人的决定其他人的决定)。考点考点3 3 名词所有格名词所有格s的所有格的所有格of所有格所有格“名词名词of名词名词”构成了构成了of所有格。其用法主要有：所有格。其用法主要有：用法用法示例示例表示无生命的表示无生命的东东西西the top of the hill表示表示“有关，关于有关，关于”a story of love表示部分与整体的概念表示部分与整体的概念the bottom of the sea表示抽象概念表示抽象概念the cost of livingof所有格有时也可以用于有生命的东西，表示所属关系，此所有

22、格有时也可以用于有生命的东西，表示所属关系，此时，有生命的时，有生命的of所有格可以和所有格可以和s所有格互换，如：所有格互换，如：the girls namethe name of the girl。考点考点3 3 名词所有格名词所有格双重所有格双重所有格考点考点2 2 名词所有格名词所有格 构成构成示例示例of+s 所有格所有格two students of Mr.Greensof+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词a dictionary of hersIt is a picture of your fathers.=It is one of my fathers pictures.这这是你父

23、亲的是你父亲的一张照片。一张照片。(你父亲的你父亲的照片照片不止一不止一张张).It is a picture of your father.这这是你父亲的是你父亲的一张照片。一张照片。(表示表示是你是你父亲本人的照片父亲本人的照片).1.Whether we can go on a vacation depends on my _time.He is always busy with his work.A.fathers B.father C.fathers D.fathers2._ mothers will both attend the parents meeting.They want

24、 to know how their children behave at school.A.Peter and Helens B.Peters and HelensC.Peters and Helen D.Peter and Helen3.When we were young,our parents often told us not to believe _ words.A.strangers B.stranger C.strangers D.strangers4.Miss White is a friend of my_.My sister always tells me somethi

25、ng between Miss White and her.A.sisters B.sister C.sisters D.sistersABCA考点考点3 3 名词所有格名词所有格考点练习考点练习名名词变词变形容形容词词考点考点4 4 名词名词变形变形1.n.y或或双双写写最最后后一一个个辅辅音音字字母母y(尤尤其其是是一一些些与天气有关的名词与天气有关的名词)：cloud_ fog_ health_ luck_ sun_ snow_sleep_ rain_ wind_ noise_ cloudy foggyhealthy luckysunny snowysleepy rainywindy n

26、oisy2.n.al或去或去eal：education_ nation_person_ centre_culture_ nature_3.n.ful：wonder_ color_ meaning_ harm_ peace_ use_educationalnationalpersonalcentralculturalnaturalwonderfulcolorfulmeaningfulharmfulpeacefuluseful名名词变词变形容形容词词考点考点4 4 名词名词变形变形4.n.ly：love_ friend_week_ day_5.n.(ce)t：silence_ patience_

27、absence_ difference_ importance_ lovelyfriendlyweeklydailysilentpatientabsentdifferentimportant名名词变词变形容形容词词考点考点4 4 名词名词变形变形1.n.istart_tour_ violin_(注意：注意：piano_ science_)2.n.ian：music_ magic_artisttouristviolinistpianistscientistmusicianmagician名名词变词变名名词词考点考点4 4 名词名词变形变形考点分析考点分析考点考点4 4：名词变形：名词变形1.My

28、 grandfather likes eating tomatoes and _(potato)very much.He always cooks them in different ways.2.Our English teacher is humorous and _(fun).We all like his class very much.3.My aunt is an _(art).She doesnt paint for money but for her own pleasure.4.Besides running after success,we have many other

29、_(wonder)things to do in our life.potatoes做宾语与做宾语与tomatoes 并列，用名词复数。并列，用名词复数。做表与做表与humorous 并列，用形容词。并列，用形容词。funny根据句意，此处填表职业的名词，根据句意，此处填表职业的名词，冠词冠词a/an之后之后,用单数。用单数。artist根据句意，空白处修饰名词根据句意，空白处修饰名词things，作定语，用形容词。，作定语，用形容词。wonderful1.You must return the two books to the library right now because you ha

30、ve kept them for _(week).2.Generally speaking,excellent learners have some good _(habit)in common.3.It is _(hope)that well finish the report ahead of time if we work as a group.4.Id like to buy a pair of sports _(shoe).Could you suggest one to me?5.What a great _(science)Yuan Longping is!He has made

31、 so many achievements in rice production for China.6.The _(music)has made nearly a hundred pieces of music.Most of them are popular among teenagers.考点考点4 4：名词变形：名词变形考点练习考点练习 weekshabitshopefulshoesscientistmusician Jack records all his activities so that he can learn how to do things more effectivel

32、y(有效地).He records his every action.His day begins from the night before,when he will make a plan ahead.When he first started to do this thing,one of his 1._(purpose)was time management.It could help him have a better understanding of how he was spending time.When he started recording his life,he not

33、iced that he was influenced deeply by small 2._(accident).For example,he used to go to school in his fathers car,or purposes考点考点4 4：名词变形：名词变形考点练习考点练习accidentssomeone might cut in line in front of their car,which caused bad 3._(feeling)throughout that day.“Now I take the underground or walk to school

34、.”Jack said.These small changes may seem nothing much,but putting them together is 4._(use)for his whole life.The records have similarly helped Jack to learn better from 5._(experience)at school.He knew clearly what he could do and couldnt do.He once said he wanted to be a 6._(violin)to play wonderful music in the future.feelings useful experiences violinist考点考点4 4：名词变形：名词变形考点练习考点练习