专题 01 冠词、名词（教师版) --十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）.docx

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1、专题01冠词、名词2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _63_ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural _64_ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪

2、的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。2.【2023年全国乙卷】Mom was sure same color would look great on her. 5.考查冠词

3、。句意：妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same前常加定冠词。故same前加the。3.【2023年新高考全国卷】Since June 2017, right before the _56_ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and _57_ (confidence) speaking English. .They also need to be ready to

4、give _61_ (interview) in English with international journalists. 【56题详解】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。【57题详解】考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构

5、可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。【61题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。4.【2023年新高考全国卷】Not the pandas, even though _39_ language used for the medical training instructions is actually

6、 English. 【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。5.【2023年新高考全国卷】The meat should be fresh with _43_ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。6.【2023

7、年全国甲卷】However, Carsons theme is a more weighty _69_ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【69题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。7.【2023年全国甲卷】In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to m

8、e.9.考查冠词。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散步”短语为take a walk。故the改为a。10.考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为一般现在时，主语为the singing of insects，谓语用三单形式。故become改为becomes。8.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在

9、邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文The bees可知，此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。5.考查形容词。句意：蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词lovely后跟形容词beautiful，作表语。故beautifully改为beautiful。2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】Covering an area about three times _ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the cou

10、ntry. 答案：the解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。2【2022全国甲卷】_ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 答案：A解析：考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。3.【2022全国乙卷】To celebrate _

11、 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 答案：the解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。4.【2022年浙江 1月】Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she co

12、uld do so remotely; about three-quarters of _ time, they agreed.答案：the解析： 考查冠词。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。5.【2022.6新高考1卷】The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _62_ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and _eventually (eventua

13、l)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 答案：populations 解析： 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。6.【2022全国乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _largest_ (lar

14、ge) tea-producing country, China has a _65_ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 答案： responsibility 解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。7.【2022新高考二卷】_37_ Brown family live in an a

15、partment building outside Toronto.He saved my _44_ (son) life, said Mrs. Brown.37. 答案：The 解析：考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。40. 答案：sons 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sons。8. 【2022.全国乙卷

16、 短文改错】Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.【答案】bicycle bicycles【解析】考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。8. 【2022年天津卷第二次】When people are depressed, some experience a loss of_ while others cant stop eating.A. appetiteB. power

17、C. memoryD. sight【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others cant stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。2021年1.【2021新高考1卷 】While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is10must to visit!【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，must 为名词，表示必须的事，

18、所以前应用冠词，且无特指。故填a。2.【2021新高考1卷 】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we2(human) are.【答案】humans【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。3.【2021.6全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and9(watchtowe

19、r) to take pictures.【答案】watchtowers【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。4.【2021.6全国乙卷】.9(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aimto have a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填

20、词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动。故填Activities。5.【2021.6全国甲卷 改错】Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because theyre of the same age and can understand each other. 【答案】friend改为friends【解析】考查名词的单复数。主语为Many students ， their friend or classmates 中or前后一致，故前面应该把

21、friend 改为friends。6. 【2021.1 浙江卷】It is calculated by dividing a3(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 254(consider) healthy.【答案】persons【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和pers

22、on是从属关系。故答案为persons。7.【2021.6全国甲卷】It took us about 3 hours to go all8way around the Xian City Wall. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配，意为 自始自终，一路上 。故填the。8.【2021.6全国乙卷】Due to5growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various typesoftrips are now being classified as ecotour

23、ism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of一起作to的宾语，构成the growing popularity of的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行。故填the。9. 【2021.6 浙江卷】In 1844 they bought itfor 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their3

24、(marry) ceremony in 1842. .9Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. 3.【答案】marriage【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marrymarriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为

25、一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。11.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. 【答案】dish改为dishes【解析】考查名词。根据此句中的after meals可知， 此处指多种菜品，应该用名词的复数形式。故把dish改为dishes。12.【2021.6全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to becomeedu

26、cated about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the2(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。13【2021年天津卷第一次】Great improvements in

27、 public health have been brought about by _ in medical science.AtraditionsBadvancesCpressuresDexamples【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符

28、合语境。故选B。14. 【2021年天津卷第二次】In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer _.A. systemB. methodC. investmentD. environment【答案】D【解析】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。202

29、0年1.【2020新课标I卷】The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。2.【20

30、20新课标I卷 改错】Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。3.【2020新课标II卷】Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the b

31、eginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。4.【2020新课标II卷 改错】Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】将vacations改为vacation【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations

32、改为vacation。5.【2020新课标III卷】Filled with 64 (curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。6. 【2020江苏卷】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _.A. reservationB. transformationC. dist

33、inctionD. submission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。7.【2020山东卷】Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重

34、要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。8.【2020浙江卷】Later，they learned to work with the 62 (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63（making） (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词

35、性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons.9.【2020年北京卷】 Now, lots of_7_(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.【答案】 7. countries【解析】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。2019年1.【2019年全国卷 】 One afternoon where I was in primary scho

36、ol, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. . All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 第三处：【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。第四处：【解析】考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并

37、且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。第第七处：【解析】考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。第八处：【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。2.【2019年全国卷 】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _65_ (report)

38、increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _66_ (believe) that populations are increasing. .Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 65. have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状

39、语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 66.belief 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。 69. the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。 70. are【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。3.【2019年全国卷】Since I was a kid, Ive consider

40、ed different job I would like to do.第一处：【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。4.【2019年北京卷】 No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various _6_(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or

41、save powerthe possibilities are endless.考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。5.【2019年全国卷III】 When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.petition【解析】考查

42、名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。6.【2019年全国卷III】I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.第九处：【解析】考查名词的用法。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。第十处：【解析】考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开

43、头的单词，前用a。故把an改为a。7.【2019年浙江卷6月】 Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. . Other American studies showed no _64_(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are _65_ (trad

44、ition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.57.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。64. c

45、onnection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。8. 【2018年浙江卷11月】 One study showed that _64_(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely _

46、65_(have) children with birth defects.64考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。65考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女，怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某事”是be likely to do sth.，用动词不定式，故填to have。9.【2019年江苏卷】Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension26

47、.A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。10.【2019天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象