《化合物的英文命名》课件.pptx

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1、PowerPoint presentation on the English nomenclatur目录IntroductionRules for Naming Compounds in EnglishExample analysisExercises and AnswersSummary and Outlook01IntroductionCourse overview This presentation provides an overview of the English nomenclature of compounds,including their classification,na

2、ming conventions,and practical applicationsCourse objectives By the end of this presentation,participants will have a clear understanding of the English nomenclature of compounds and will be able to apply this knowledge in their professional and academic pursuitsCourse IntroductionUnderstand the cla

3、ssification of compounds according to their structure and compositionRecommend the importance of proper naming conventions in scientific communicationLearn the basic principles of naming compounds in EnglishBe able to apply the learned knowledge to correctly name compounds accounted in practiceLearn

4、ing objectives02Rules for Naming Compounds in EnglishImportance of standardizing compound names Ensuring clarity and consistency in scientific communicationHistorical development The evolution of English naming conventions over time,influenced by various factors such as international cooperation and

5、 practicalityGlobal application The widespread use of English naming standards in the international scientific communityOverview of English NamingIUPAC recommendations01 Following the rules laid out by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)for naming organic and inorganic compo

6、undsSystematic names02 Assigning unique names to compounds based on their structure and composition,following a set of established rules and guidelinesShortened names03 Using abbreviations or shortened forms of names for common known compoundsEnglish naming conventions Analysis of common problemsCon

7、flicting namesThe issue of different names being assigned to the same compound by different authors or communitiesHomonymsThe occurrence of different compounds sharing the same name,leading to potential fusionChallenges in updatingThe differences and controversies associated with updating and adapti

8、ng new naming conventions over time03Example analysis Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2 They have only single bonds between carbon atomsAlkanes Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more carbon carbon double bonds They have the general formula CnH2nAlkene

9、s Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more carbon carbon triple bonds They have the general formula CnH2n-2AlkynesNomenclature of hydrocarbon compoundsAlcohols The suffix-alcohol is used to name alcohols,which have the general formula R-OH The alcohol group is named as metano if the alc

10、ohol group has only one carbon atomPhenols Phenols have a hydroxide group attached to an aromatic ring They are named as phenol alcohol with the suffix-phenolEthers Ethers are named as ether with the suffix-ether and have the general formula R-O-R Nomenclature of Alcohols,Phenols,and EthersKetones K

11、etones have the general formula R-CO-R and are named as oxo with the suffix-ketoneAldehydes Aldehydes have the general formula R-CHO and are named as formal with the suffix-aldehydeQuinones Quinones are named as quinone and have two carbonyl groups attached to an aromatic ringNomenclature of aldehyd

12、es,ketones,and quinones Acids have the general formula R-COOH and are named as carboxylic acidAcids Esters have the general formula R-COO-R and are named as ester with the suffixEsters Anhydrides have the general formula R-CO-OCO-R and are named as anhydrideAnhydridesNaming of Acids,Esters,and Anhyd

13、ride CompoundsAmines Amines are named as amine with the suffix-amine and have the general formula R-NH2Nitro compounds Nitro compounds have one or more nitro(-NO2)groups attached to an alkyl or aromatic ring They are named as nitro with the suffix-nitroNaming of amine and nitro compounds04Exercises

14、and AnswersName the following compounds using the IUPAC systemExercisesNaHSO4Ca(NO3)2Fe2(SO4)3ExercisesNH4ClConvert the following empirical formulas to the molecular formulaExercisesNa2SMgO2Al2(CO3)3ExercisesN2H4Determine the oxidation state of each metal ion in the following coordination complex:Fe

15、(CN)6 4ExercisesName the following functional groupsCarboxylic acid(-COOH)ExercisesAlcohol(-OH)Aldehide(-CHO)Amine(-NH2)Exercises Sulfuric acid,disodium saltNaHSO4 Calcium nitrateCa(NO3)2 Iron(III)sulfonateFe2(SO4)3Answer AnalysisNa2S Sodium sulfideMgO2 Magnesium oxide,also known as magnesiaNH4Cl Am

16、monium chlorideAnswer AnalysisAl2(CO3)3:Aluminum tricarbonateAnswer AnalysisN2H4:HydrazineFe(CN)6 4-:Ferricyanide ionCarboxylic acid(-COOH):Benzoic acidAnswer Analysis03Amine(-NH2):Ethylamine(or ammonia)01Alcohol(-OH):Methanol02Aldehide(-CHO):AcetaldehideAnswer Analysis05Summary and OutlookSummary o

17、f this courseThe differences between systematic names and trial names,as well as common names,and how to apply them correctly in various contextsCourse highlightsTo introduce the English nomenclature of compounds,its importance,and its application in various fields such as chemistry,biology,and mate

18、rials scienceCourse objectivesLectures on the basic principles of compound nomenclature,including systematic names,trial names,and common namesCourse contentVS Review the course materials regularly,practice naming compounds on your own,and seek help from classes or teachers if you accountant discipl

19、inesProspects This course is a foundation for further studies in chemistry,biology,materials science,and other related fields It will help you understand compound names more accurately and communicate with other professionals more effectivelyLearning suggestionsLearning suggestions and perspectivesTHANKS感谢观看