Unit 4 重点单词变形词组短语句型练习-2022-2023学年高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林2020）.docx

《Unit 4 重点单词变形词组短语句型练习-2022-2023学年高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林2020）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Unit 4 重点单词变形词组短语句型练习-2022-2023学年高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林2020）.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习(知识点全覆盖)重点单词变形1broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 adv.广泛地2intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指 n打算3trial n试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验 v尝试4limited adj.有限的 n& vt.限制5container n容器；集装箱，货柜 vt.包含6beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 n益处 vt.对有益处7illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于 n图解，图示8surrou

2、nd vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与紧密相关 adj.周围的 n周围的事物9indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出 n表明；暗示10intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 n才智11favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的12politician n政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 n政治 adj.政治的13electricity n电，电能 adj.电的，发电的，电动的14scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 n科学 n科学家15moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n品行，道德；寓意

3、 adj.不道德的16apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 n申请；应用 n申请人17 ignorance n无知 adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的 vt.忽视；不理睬18freedom n自由free adj.自由的；免费的 adv.自由地19permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n允许，许可20responsibility n责任，负责；职责，义务 adj.负责任的21nationality n国籍；民族 adj.国家的；民族的 n国家；民族22marriage n结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 v结婚一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1I question the _ (wi

4、se) of giving a child so much money. 2They dont believe in _ (marry). 3A _ (politics)is a person whose job is connected with politics. 4She made a _ (favour)impression on his parents. 5Thanks _her skilful handling of the affair, the problem was averted. 6Other schools might have somewhat different r

5、ules_(base) on different conditions.7We found further _ (science) evidence for this theory. 8The problem _ (refer) to in his speech has raised public concern.9The new regulations will be of _ (beneficial) to everyone concerned. 10The president _ (broad) got what he wanted out of his meeting. 11Some

6、people feel that _ (experiment) on animals is wrong. 12Scientists have known that in the reaction to stress, an important role is played by a kind of chemical _ (release) by the body. 13_ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.14_ accident I found the book

7、I lost yesterday.15The guy felt sick because of mild _ (electricity) shocks.16The students have put _ a series of ideas in the class meeting. 17This programme was set up with the _(intend) of providing help for homeless people. 18He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks, _ (indicate) the int

8、erview was a failure. 19Now, we scientists take it for _(grant) that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.20_（locate）in the central district, the hotel offers the best service with the lowest price. 21Before the lecture began, the professor came in, _ (follow) by a group of young people. 22

9、_ (give) more time and attention, you can do much better next time. 23If you had months of _(limit) sleep, youll have built up a big sleep debt. 24Your recommendation will be _ (benefit) to the development of our company. 25After he _（survive）the earthquake, the old man became one of the few _（survi

10、ve）of the family and his _（survive）made his old friends very happy.26“I have matured and I admit _（responsible）for my actions, ” he said in the letter. 27The _(apply)of scientific discoveries is popular among ordinary people. 28The restaurant, _(base) on trust, is working all right. 29I am eighteen

11、years old now, which means Ive become an adult and have more_(responsibility). 30The minister took full_(responsible) for the disaster and resigned. 31Who do you think the teacher is referring_? 32She is old enough to have the_ (free) to do what she likes. 33_(affect)with high fever, he continued wi

12、th his work. 34About two hours later, we arrived at a pleasant park which_（surround）with trees and flowers. 35To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _(conduct) in Australia in 2019. 二、根据汉语意思填写单词36It will be harder if you choose to_ (申请) for a well-known universit

13、y. 37_(与比较) with them, were more confident of success. 38The pianist_(包围，围绕) by a crowd of fans will hold a concert in the Workers Stadium. 39The nation was surprised to hear the news that the minister took full _(责任) for the disaster and resigned. 40A man of great _ (智慧) often appears slow.41_ (环绕)

14、 by beautiful flowers and green trees, the lake becomes a top attraction of this area. 42One or two glasses of wine a day can be _ (有益的). 43He is so careless that there are many spelling _ (错误) in his homework. 44The teacher tried to_(包括，使参与) every child in the game. 45_ (沉迷于) to computer games, he

15、lost interest in his study. 46He took _ (掌管) of the farm after his fathers death. 47It is said that poverty and_ (无知) are the enemies of progress. 48Let me _(阐明) my points with some simple but vivid stories. 49_(暴露) to strong sunlight directly, your skin is likely to get sunburnt. 50The footballer t

16、ried to stop us _ (出版) the article. 三、完成句子51跳广场舞对身体有好处。 (beneficial) Square dancing _ _ _our health.52我想去买一本专供英语初学者使用的词典。 (intend) I want to buy a dictionary which _ _ _English beginners.53突然出现了一个穿红衣服的女孩。 Suddenly there appeared a young girl _ _ _.54十年之后，他们的努力终于有了回报。Ten years later , their efforts _

17、 _at last.55如果没有许可证，你将不被允许进入这栋大楼。(permit)If you_, you_ this building.56与音乐和绘画这些艺术形式相比，广受欢迎的电影的历史相对短一些。_ _ such art forms as music and paintings, film,_enjoys great popularity, has a much shorter history.57昨晚，那位科学家在演讲中三次提到全球气候变暖。The scientist _ _ global warming three times in his speech last night.58

18、他被这种音乐打动了，他说：“那种感觉就如同是第一次看见色彩一样。”_ _ _ _, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”59I borrowed a book _ _ Mark Twain from the library.我从图书馆借了一本马克吐温写的书。60You shouldnt _it _ _ that your parents love you so much. 你不应该把父母深爱你看作是理所当然的。四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese s

19、tructural biologist Yan Ning announced on November 1st, 2022 that she would resign _61_ Princeton University in the US and join in the establishment of Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART) in the near future. “In the near future, I will return to China full-time _62_(assist)

20、in establishing a new research and development institution in Shenzhen called SMART, _63_(integrate) several functions including scientific research, transformation, education and financial support, Yan said at the Shenzhen Global Innovation Talent Forum. While teaching at Tsinghua University in 201

21、4, Yan Ning _64_(lead) a team to analyze the three-dimensional crystal structure of the human glucose transporter GLUT1 initially. After the achievement _65_(publish) in Nature, it_66_, (immediate) received widespread attention and praise from the international academic community.Yan earned her Ph.

22、Dat Princeton in 2004 _67_ returned in 2017 as the _68_(one) Shirley M. Tilghman Professor of Molecular Biology. Yan said she wanted to support more outstanding _69_(scholar) and tackle the various health threats facing mankind. Shenzhen offered _70_ right opportunity, and the city can build its pla

23、ce in the global biomedicine field, Yan said.试卷第3页，共4页学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司参考答案：重点单词变形1broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的broadly adv.广泛地2intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指intention n打算3trial n试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验try v尝试4limited adj.有限的limit n& vt.限制5container n容器；集装箱，货柜contain vt.包含6beneficial adj.有益的，有用

24、的benefit n益处 vt.对有益处7illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于illustration n图解，图示8surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与紧密相关surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n周围的事物9indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出indication n表明；暗示10intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的intelligence n才智11favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒favorable adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的12politician n政治家，从政者；投机钻

25、营者politics n政治political adj.政治的13electricity n电，电能electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的14scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的science n科学scientist n科学家15moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n品行，道德；寓意immoral adj.不道德的16apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关application n申请；应用applicant n申请人17ignorance n无知ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的ignore vt.忽视；不理睬18fre

26、edom n自由free adj.自由的；免费的freely adv.自由地19permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能permission n允许，许可20responsibility n责任，负责；职责，义务responsible adj.负责任的21nationality n国籍；民族national adj.国家的；民族的nation n国家；民族22marriage n结婚，婚姻；已婚状态marry v结婚1wisdom【详解】考查名词。句意：我怀疑给孩子这么多钱是否明智。空格处用名词作宾语，wise的名词是wisdom，意为“明智”，是不可数名词，故填wisdom。2

27、marriage【详解】考查名词。句意：他们不相信婚姻。句中介词in后应用名词作宾语，marriage“婚姻”符合题意，抽象名词不可数。故用marriage。3politician【详解】考查名词。句意：政治家是工作与政治有关的人。根据句意和句子结构可知，设空处应该填写名词做主语，同时根据空后的is a person可知，主语应该是人。politician意为“政治家”，符合句意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填politician。4favourable【详解】考查形容词。句意：她给他的父母留下了很好的印象。根据句中的impression，可知设空处应该填写形容词作定语。favour为动词，意为

28、“支持，赞同”，其形容词是favourable，意为“有利的，给人印象好的”，符合句意。故填favourable。5to【详解】考查固定短语和介词。句意：多亏她处理这件事的技巧，问题才得以避免。由“her skilful handling of the affair, the problem was averted”可知，句子表示“多亏她处理这件事的技巧，问题才得以避免”，“多亏了”是固定短语thanks to，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。6based【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：其它的学校可能基于不同的条件有着颇为不同的规定。“_(base) on different condition

29、s”作定语，修饰rules，baseon“把建立在基础上”，rule与base是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动关系。故填based。7scientific【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。设空处用形容词scientific作定语修饰名词evidence，故填scientific。8referred【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他演讲中提到的问题引起了公众的关注。动词refer和谓语has raised之间没有连词，所以refer需用非谓语形式。因为refer和problem之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以设空处需填过去分词referred，表被动，referred t

30、o in his speech充当定语。故填referred。9benefit【详解】考查名词。句意：新规定对有关的每一个人都有好处。观察句子可知，of为介词，空处用名词作宾语，be of benefit to=be beneficial to，意思为：对有好处。故填benefit。10broadly【详解】考查副词。句意：总统大体上从会议中得到了他想要的东西。此处修饰动词got，应用副词，作状语。故填broadly。11experimenting【详解】考查动名词。句意：有些人觉得用动物做实验是错误的。分析句子可知， 空处是that引导的宾语从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填experimen

31、ting。12released【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们已经知道，在对压力的反应中，身体释放的一种化学物质起着重要作用。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词release和前文名词chemical之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填released。13Seen【详解】考查过去分词。句意：从塔顶往下看，山底的南部是一片树木的海洋。动词see和逻辑主语the south foot of the mountain之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写。故填Seen。14By【详解】考查介词短语。句意：我碰巧发现了我昨天丢的书。by accident 偶然地。故填By。15e

32、lectric【详解】考查形容词。句意：这家伙因为轻微的电击感到恶心。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词shocks，electric电的，形容词。故填electric。16forward【详解】考查固定短语。句意：学生们在课堂会议上提出了一系列的想法。短语put forward，意为“提出”，根据句意和语境，故填forward。17intention【详解】考查名词。句意：这个计划是为了帮助无家可归的人而设立的。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据句意，intend为动词，意为“打算”，其名词为intention，意为“目的，意图”，此处表示特指，故使用单数。故填intention。

33、18indicating【详解】考查现在分词。句意：他默默地站着，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来，这表明面试失败了。动词indicate的逻辑主语是前面的句子内容，两者之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作状语，故填indicating。19granted【详解】考查固定句型。句意：现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全可能的。表示“认为理所当然”句型为take it for granted that.。故填granted。20Located【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家酒店位于市中心，服务最好，价格最低。分析可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，be located in意为“坐落于”，所以空处用过

34、去分词作状语。故填Located。21followed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：讲座开始前，教授走了进来，后面跟着一群年轻人。逻辑主语 the professor与follow之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填followed。22 Given【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果给你更多的时间和注意力，下次你就能做得更好。逻辑主语you与give之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填Given。23limited【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你几个月睡眠缺乏，你会积欠一大笔睡眠债。形容词limited作定语，修饰名词sleep。故填limited。24beneficial【详解】

35、考查形容词。句意：您的推荐将有利于我们公司的发展。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。beneficial意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。25 survived survivors survival【详解】考查动词、名词。句意：老人在地震中幸存下来后，成为家里为数不多的幸存者之一，他的幸存使他的老朋友们非常高兴。分析句子可知，第一空为动词的填入，he和survive为主动关系，结合主句时态可知，为一般过去时。故填survived；第二空由空前few可知，为复数名词填入，结合句意为“幸存者”。故填survivors；第三空由空前his可知，为名词填入，结合句意为“幸存”。故填surv

36、ival。故分别填survived；survivors；survival。26responsibility【详解】考查固定短语。句意：“我已经成熟了，我确认对自己的行为负责”，他在信上说。admit sth.“承认某事”，所以此处应用名词形式。responsibility“责任”为名词，故填responsibility。27application【详解】考查名词。句意：科学发现的应用受到普通人的欢迎。分析句式结构再根据空格前的The可知，此处应该用名词作主语，所以用提示词的名词形式。故填application。28based【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家基于信任开起来的餐厅运营得很好。本句

37、谓语动词是is，base在句中是非谓语动词作定语。因be based on是固定短语，意为“以为基础”，做非谓语时应把be动词去掉。故填based。29responsibilities【详解】考查名词。句意：我现在18岁了，这意味着我已经成为一个成年人，有更多的责任。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。responsibility为可数名词，意为“责任”。故填responsibilities。30responsibility【详解】考查名词。句意：部长对这场灾难负全责并辞职了。作宾语，应用名词responsibility，短语take full responsibility表示“负全责”。故填

38、responsibility。31to【详解】考查介词。句意：你认为老师指的是谁？短语refer to表示“提到；指的是”，符合句意。故填to。32freedom【详解】考查名词。句意：她已经长大了，可以自由地做她喜欢做的事。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。free为形容词，意为“自由的”，其名词词为freedom，为不可数名词。故填freedom。33Affected【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他发着高烧，继续他的工作。be affected with意为“患有疾病”，分析可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，所以此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首字母须大写。故填Affected。34w

39、as surrounded【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：大约两个小时后，我们到达了一个令人愉快的公园，公园周围都是树木和鲜花。 分析句子可知，which引导定语从句，指代a pleasant park，which作主语，故从句谓语动词surround与先行词保持人称和数的一致，根据句意和arrived可知，用一般过去时，先行词是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，且surround与park是被动关系，故填was surrounded。35conducted【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：回到水污染问题上来，我想让大家看看2019年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。设空处为非谓语动词，conduc

40、t与逻辑主语a study之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填conducted。36apply【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你选择申请一所知名大学，那就更难了。根据汉语提示“申请”以及不定式符号to可知，此处应用动词原形apply，构成不定式短语，作动词choose的宾语。故填apply。37Compared【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与他们相比，我们对成功更有信心。“与比较”用动词compare；分析句子可知，“(与比较) with them”作比较状语，compare是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语we之间是被动关系，表示“我们被拿来与他们相比较”，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大

41、写。故填Compared。38surrounded【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位被一群歌迷簇拥的钢琴家将在工人体育场举行音乐会。分析句子可知，“(包围，围绕) by a crowd of fans”在句中作后置定语修饰名词The pianist，“包围，围绕”用动词surround表示，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The pianist之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词表被动。故填surrounded。39responsibility【详解】考查名词。句意：听到部长为灾难承担全部责任并辞职的消息，全国都感到惊讶。表示“责任”应用名词responsibility，作宾语。故填responsibi

42、lity。40wisdom【详解】考查名词。句意：有大智慧的人往往表现得迟钝（大智若愚）。根据汉语意思提示以及空前great形容词可知，此处为不可数名词wisdom“智慧”，满足句意要求。故填wisdom。41Surrounded【详解】考查动词。句意：湖泊被美丽的花朵和绿色的树木所包围，成为这个地区的顶级景点。结合句子结构和汉语提示可知，动词surround符合题意，句中已有谓语动词becomes，故空处应用非谓语动词，surround和逻辑主语lake之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，作状语。故填Surrounded。42beneficial【详解】考查形容词。句意：每天喝一两杯葡萄酒是有益的

43、。此处应用形容词作表语，“有益的”为形容词beneficial，故填beneficial。43mistakes#errors#faults【详解】考查名词。句意：他太粗心了，作业中有许多拼写错误。根据汉语提示，“错误”应用名词mistake/error/fault在there be句型中作主语，由many可知，应用复数，故填mistakes/errors/faults。44invlove【详解】考查动词。句意：老师试图让每个孩子都参与游戏。根据汉语提示及所给句子可知，此处应用动词involve，动词短语involve.in“使参加，加入”，固定搭配try to do“试着做某事”。故填invlove。45Addicted【详解】考查过去分词。句意：沉迷于电脑游戏，他对学习失去了兴趣。be addicted to意为“沉迷于；对上瘾”，此处应用过去分词作原因状语，故用addicted，置于句首首字母应大写。故填Addicted。46charge【详解】考查名词和短语。句意：在他父亲死后，他负责管理这个农场。短语take charge of，意为“掌管”，根据句意和语境，故填charge。47ignorance【详解】考查名词。句意：据说，贫穷和无知是进步的敌人。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词ignorance，与名词poverty并列，作主语，故填ignorance。4