02 故事高潮的设计与表达-2024年高考英语一轮复习读后续写必备微技能(策略+PPT).docx

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1、02 故事高潮的设计与表达故事高潮的作用及宏观设计策略1.故事的高潮是什么在故事创作中，高潮一词具有双重内涵： 第一，它是作品结构的重要组成部分。只要是完整的作品，都可分为序幕、开端、发展、高潮、结局、尾声六个分部。第二，高潮也是一种艺术效果，会给予接受者一种强烈的心理感受。能否达到后者，需要依靠前者整体 (尤其是高潮群体)的完善与丰富。在一篇故事中，开端指矛盾冲突正式展开的第一个事件；发展指矛盾 冲突从展开到激化的演变过程；高潮指矛盾冲突充分激化，对立双方的斗争发展到最紧张、 最尖锐的阶段；结局指矛盾冲突发展的最后阶段；序幕指作品基本冲突展开前对故事发 生的社会条件、历史背景、主要人物及其他

2、人物相互关系等所作的提示、说明或交代；尾声指作者对基本情节所作的补充性交代 。故事中的高潮(climax)是故事达到最紧张或扣人心弦的那一部分。高潮有时候是剧情中的“危机”点。有时候，它只是达到了关键时刻或者转折点，发生了一些事情，或者主角必须做出决定，从而导致一个结果或其他。 我们在分析叙事类故事或者小说故事的时候常常用下面的图表来表示故事情节：2.故事高潮有哪些特征动态性、生动性、紧张性是叙事语篇高潮一般具有的语言特点 。由语言经验和相关研究可知，叙事语篇高潮还可能具有其他语言特点，如叙事语篇各部分在心理描写、直接引语与间接引语、句类等的使用。心理描写也是高潮的语言特征之一。高潮是决定作品

3、主要人物命运的关键时刻，主要人物的思想性格和作品主题在此得以充分展现。高潮中出现相对较多的心理描写，符合高潮的语篇功能，有助于刻画人物和表现主题。叙事语篇通常离不开对话语境。直接引语相对较多是高潮的语言特点。高潮是人物矛盾冲突最集中的部分，而言语活动是表现矛盾冲突的 一种重要形式。发展是矛盾冲突的酝酿阶段，人物活动已相对活跃，直接引语的数量也不会少。开端与结局，是故事情节的始发点和终止点，人物活动不够活跃，直接引语的数量不会太多。叙事语篇各部分，陈述句均占绝对优势，疑问句、感叹句、祈使句的数量均很少。3.故事高潮有哪些作用高潮不一定是故事中最热闹的场面，但一定是性格冲突最激烈、思想感情交锋最深

4、沉的地方。在高潮中，主要人物的性格和故事的思想内涵都获得了最集中、最充分的体现。 一般来说，高潮出现在故事的 后半部，高潮之后，矛盾冲突得到解决，情节即进入结 局阶段。可见，高潮点就是指主要矛盾冲突激化后，其内容所达到的最激烈、最紧张的顶峰，是故事中戏剧 性最强的部分。高潮点可以是诙谐、刺激、悬念的，也可以是深刻、具有启示的，故事和戏剧化冲突是靠高潮 点来支撑的，高潮点需要创作者严格控制其出现的时间及数量，在最合适的 地方去设置，化理论为技巧，将其实实在在地运用到故事创作中去。因此，高潮点的设置技巧训练，对于提高叙事的美学价值、增强故事的可读性、扩大读者的心理接纳性，具有极高的现实意义。4.读

5、后续写的故事高潮的构建的宏观策略有哪些故事缺乏必要的高潮，激不起的读者的情感反应。高潮既是针对主人公的情绪经验，也是针对读者的阅读情绪而言的。 故事创作的步骤和过程可能因人而异，创作者对待同一主题的表现形式也各不相同，但是， 把高潮作为创作的起点已成为一种行之有效的具体途径和创作规律：由于高潮是事件体系的关键，我们可以从高潮着手、开始设计写作。高潮作为创作的起点，容易使作品具有情感的动人力量。因为故事的核心是创作者的情感，没有真情实感的创作，就是无病呻吟，也打动不了别人。而高潮之处所表现的情感，通常是创作者感受最深之处，是把自己最强烈的生活情感加以提炼，升华而成的审美情感的文字化的表现。在故事

6、的高潮之前，各种人物关系、事态发展铺垫，使得读者融入其中，心系情节，代入感极强，读者的心理历程也随着故事的波动而波动。在故事的高潮处，即黄金时间段，是展示故事质量、带动读者情绪的最佳时机，也是使读者对故事心理定性的重要时段。在这一重要时段要设置较多的高潮点，比如，对人物命运的悲惨性揭示、对事实真相的揭露、情感世界的崩塌等。其中，一句话、一个动作、一个表情都可能引起一个高潮点，高潮点存在于故事的高潮，故事的高潮通过高潮点表现 出来。高潮点的高频率设置并不代表步步为营，而是要 依据剧情的转折点，在故事高潮的节奏范围内进行设置，超过了这个节奏规范，会显得做作，不及这个节奏规范，则达不到表达程度。每一

7、个转折或冲突都能 直观地给读者心理刺激才是目的。这一时段的高潮点设 置，可以有效地激起读者情绪，让读者的心理随着高潮 点的频繁出现而逐渐破碎，最终导致读者心理的决堤！ 所以，在故事高潮这个黄金时间段，应在故事高潮的发 生节奏范围内进行适当的高密度高潮点设置。高潮的意义并非只是表现情感这样简单，尤其是结构的高潮部分。高潮应是情感的高潮 (感情最强烈的时刻、最紧张的时刻)、命运的高潮 (主要人物命运的关键)、主题的高潮 (点题和完成主题的地方)、性 格的高潮 (性格集中体现和最后完成的地方)、动作的高潮(动作的顶点，过了这一点，紧张就松弛和消失)、视觉与想象的高潮 (配合高潮的图景等的冲击力)。作

8、为一个多种高潮的复合体，高潮部往往会由 若干高潮点组成，因为动作的顶点往往不能一次性表达情 感和主题思想的全部内容，经常需要分开来叙述。当全部冲突尚未完全爆发，这时往往采取多次进入高潮的叙述方式，可以分成主高潮、次高潮、并列高潮。据此，对这高潮创作步骤可简单归纳如下：对高潮部分情感的确定-对主题的确定-对动作线的设置-对结构分部的设置-回到高潮部的创作-结尾处深化和强调主题并完成写作。故事高潮的设计与表达微观技巧1增加外部冲突增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的可以达到故事高潮的方式。(1)角色之间的冲突【例如】On the fourth or fifth night，we had trouble f

9、inding a hotel with a vacancy.After driving in vain for some time，Mom suddenly got a great idea：Why didnt we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up a tent there? David and I became nervous.【分析】开车找旅馆徒劳无功母亲建议在他人后院搭帐篷David和“我”倍感紧张，心有不悦(母子的观点不一)(2)角色与环境之间的冲突【例如】Then Mac h

10、eard quick and loud breathing behind him.he saw instantly that it wasnt a dog at all，but a wolf，quickly catching up with him.Macs heart jumped.he fired the spray at the wolf.A bright red cloud enveloped the animal，and to Macs relief，it fell back，shaking its head.But a minute later.Then it.，tearing o

11、pen his tent bag.He fired at the wolf a second time，and again，it fell back. 【分析】Mac骑车独行，路遇恶狼，与之搏斗，险象环生。人(角色)狼(环境)大战(3)角色与时间的冲突【例如】The car abruptly stopped in front of him.“Get into the car.” Paul shouted at Mac.Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without delay as the wolf was just two step

12、s away and was about to tear Mac into pieces.What a narrow escape! 【分析】汽车突停面前急喊上车Mac上车避险恶狼近在咫尺(此情此景，刻不容缓)2放大内心冲突放大内心冲突(文中角色的内心斗争)也有助于建立一个高度紧张和不确定的时刻。现在我们再来看高考读后续写中的内心冲突是如何体现的。 【例如】(原文见2016浙江10月)But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Jane was so tired，hungry，and extremely frighten

13、ed.She thought to herself，“If only I had not quarrelled with Tom.Where is Tom? He must have made the emergency call.What I need is enough courage.If I continue my spirits tomorrow，I will be likely to guide the helicopter.” Lying beside the stream，she fell asleep very soon.Suddenly，she heard the shou

14、ts of tigers，which made her scared to death.After she held her breath for a few minutes，everything was quiet again.In the terrible darkness，she slept again.【分析】夫妇争吵妻子独自行走荒野走散，夜色渐黑独处森林阴森恐怖后悔莫及(内心冲突的刻画)内心独白(往昔对比虚拟语气的使用旁白描写是常见技巧之一)写作策略实践与强化1阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Once a middle aged man lo

15、st his job and was looking for a job to support his living. One day, in a newspaper he found that a job of “office boy” was available. He needed a job so badly that he applied for the post of “office boy” at once. It was at a big famous company.Next day he was called for an interview. The manager in

16、terviewed him and gave him a test. Surprisingly, he cleared the test, which meant he was hired and he could make money. He was pleased beyond description. “Now give me your e-mail address so that I can send you further details and your joining letter,” the manager said. Sadly, he replied, “Sir, I do

17、nt have a computer and neither do I have any e-mail address.” The manager replied, “What? You dont have an e-mail address? In modern times, if you dont have it, which suggests you dont exist and also means you cant get this job. I am really sorry but you are not hired.”He left, completely overcome b

18、y disappointment. He didnt know what to do as he had only $200 left in his pocket and no job. He had no hope of getting any other job anytime soon. He didnt know what to do. He didnt want to go home without a job. He thought for a long time. Then an idea occurred to him. He decided to go to the supe

19、rmarket and buy 10 kg vegetables with that money and then went door to door to sell those vegetables. Till evening he was able to sell off all those vegetables and even doubled up his money. This made him realize that he could survive by this and started to go to supermarket every day early in the m

20、orning and bought fresh vegetables and then the whole day he would sell them going door to door. To his delight, by evening he would sell all the vegetables he bought in the morning.He worked very hard every day and with his determination and persistence, just in 5 years he became a well-established

21、 businessman.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。One day, a reporter wanted to have an interview with him._The man replied, “I still dont have an e-mail address now.”_2阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When I was young, there was an apple orchard (果园) near my home. The man owning the orchard e

22、mployed some migrant families to gather apples and care for the trees. They worked hard but got paid and fed little.Once my grandmother struck up a conversation with one of the young women. Her name was Maria. She and her husband, Tony, were expecting a baby. “Were going to stay with my parents,” Ma

23、ria said. “We work here to earn money for the bus ticket.”“Theyre going to need a lot of things when the baby comes,” Grandmother told me when we got home. “Lets ask God to send angels to help that young couple.”“Angels?” I was surprised.“If we do our part, angels will do the rest.” she said. Grandm

24、other went to the closet and brought out a box filled with S & H trading stamps, which can be used to buy things. She spilled the pile of stamps on to the kitchen table. “You can see Ive been saving up the stamps for just the right purchase.”We sat down at the table and looked through the baby s

25、ection of the S & H content. My eyes fell on a bassinet (摇篮) with a silk canopy (罩篷) over it. “Thats what a young mother will need,” Grandmother said. “Lets see if we save 20 books of stamps, we can get a bassinet.”In the coming weeks, we tried hard to collect the stamps, but before Maria and To

26、ny left, we were three books short. And there were no angels helping us with the stamps either.“Open the content,” Grandmother said. “Lets pick a bassinet we can afford.” We chose one without a canopy. The next day we went to the Green Stamp store to get it. “Maria will love this one just as much.”G

27、randmother assured me as she pushed the door open. I couldnt help but feel disappointed. Grandmother gave the clerk the information and handed over the 17 books of stamps we saved. The clerk walked to the backroom and returned empty-handed. “Im sorry,” she said. “We dont have such a bassinet for the

28、 17 books of stamps.”注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。I couldnt believe it. No bassinet for the 17 books of stamps._“Thats a lovely replacement with a canopy,” Grandmother said._3阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。The 16th of September was my cousins birthday, He is 4 years younger than me a

29、nd his birthday is just seven days before mine. Those seven days were the worst days of my life. I thought “Isnt seven supposed to be a lucky number?” and wondered who came up with that idea.That evening my mother sent him and me to get some stuff from the store so she could make him a cake. On ever

30、y other Sunday at this time of the day Id be on the soccer field kicking the ball around with my older friends, but instead this Sunday found me walking to the shop with my cousin.On the way to the store my cousin spotted an apricot(杏) at the edge of a branch, It was as large as an apple and as yell

31、ow as a new crayon fresh from the box. The rule was whoever spotted it first owned it. Even if you climbed the tree to get it, it still did not belong to you. I decided to go to get the beautiful, delicious-looking fruit for my cousin, seeing that it was his birthday.I started to map out my course o

32、f action as to how I was going to get this fruit. I could have hit it with rocks until it fell, but no, it was too beautiful to be bruised(碰伤) by the force of a stone thrown at it. I continued to climb on to a fence which was directly parallel to the apricot tree. At the top of the fence I paused a

33、while to take a look around. “Wow! Cool view from 12 feet off the ground.” My cousin laughed and told me to hurry up and get it so we could go home. My next step was to jump from the fence, catch the main branch, and then climb to victory. Come on! Id done this tons of times, and I didnt even hesita

34、te.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。As I grabbed the branch, that juicy apricot met me eye to eye. _As we entered the house, my mother noticed I was covered in dirt. _参考答案1One day, a reporter wanted to have an interview with him. He accepted it with delight. During the interview, he talked about

35、 his poor life when he had no job and how he began to sell vegetables. “It was difficult at first, but due to my hard work, I succeeded finally,” he said. Of course, he mentioned the awkward job-hunting experience with the famous company. When hearing the experience, the reporter smiled and asked, “

36、Do you have an e-mail address now?”The man replied, “I still dont have an e-mail address now.” The reporter was surprised and said, “You dont have an e-mail address and yet you succeeded to build an empire. Can you imagine what you could have done and what you could be if you had an e-mail address?”

37、 The man thought for a moment and replied, “An office boy.” If we seek for something and dont get it, we should not lose hope. We dont know what destiny had in store for us. Never lose hope and keep trying.【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，一位失业的中年人正在找工作，在报纸上看到一家有名的公司的办公室文员的招聘后，他立刻申请了。第二天他去参加面试，并顺利通过了考试，但是在经理向他询问电子邮件

38、地址的时候，他因为回答没有电脑和电子邮件地址而被经理认为不能得到工作。在非常失望和迷茫的时候，他突然想到一个主意，决定用仅有的200美元去超市购买十公斤蔬菜，并挨家挨户推销，他的主意成功了，蔬菜被全部卖掉，他还赚到了钱。这让他意识到他能够以此为生，于是他每天早上都去超市买菜，然后一整天都挨家挨户地售卖。凭借努力工作、决心和坚持，他在五年后成为有名的商人。【解析】1. 段落续写：由第一段首句内容“有一天，一个记者想采访他。”和第二段首句内容“男人回答说：“我现在还没有电子邮件地址。”可知，第一段可描写他接受了采访，和记者讲述了自己的故事，提到了之前因为没有电子邮件地址而被拒的经历，记者问他现在有

39、没有电子邮件地址。由第二段首句内容“男人回答说：“我现在还没有电子邮件地址。”可知，第二段可描写记者针对这一点进行提问，他进行了回答，然后结合男人的经历进行总结：需要保持希望，不断努力。2. 续写线索：记者想采访他接受采访记者提问他仍没有电子邮件地址记者再提问他回答总结3. 词汇激活行为类谈论：talk about/discuss/speak about成功：succeed/achieve success/be successful/triumph提及：mention/bring up/raise想象：imagine/visualize/envision/picture思考：think/consider/contemplate追求：seek for/pursue/go after情绪类高兴：delight/joy/happiness惊讶的：surprised/astonished/amazed【典型表达】高分句型1 During the interview, he talked about his poor life when he had no job and how he began to sell vegetabl