英语议论文写作课件.pptx

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1、English argumentative essay writing courseware延时符Contents目录Introduction to argumentative essaysThe argument of an argumentative essayThe argumentative methods of argumentative essays延时符Contents目录Language expression in argumentative essaysWriting Techniques for Argumentative EssaysWriting exercises f

2、or argumentative essays延时符01Introduction to argumentative essaysArgumentative essays are written to express a point of view on a specific topic and to support that view with evidence and reasoningThey require the writer to present a clear position,gather and evaluate evidence,and submit opposing arg

3、umentsDefinition of argumentative essays Classification of argumentative essaysPosition papersThese essays express a specific point of view on a topic and provide evidence and reasoning to support itPro/con essaysThese essays present both sides of an issue,discussing the pros and cons of each positi

4、onRebuttalsThese essays focus on reflecting opposing arguments and providing evidence to support the reflection The introduction should clearly state the topic and the position take,as well as preview the evidence and reasoning to be presented in the essay The body paragraphs should present evidence

5、 and reasoning to support the position take,reflecting opposing arguments if necessary Each paragraph should have a topic presence,followed by evidence and reasoning to support that topic presence The conclusion should summarize the main points made in the essay and reiterate the position take on th

6、e topic It should also provide a final evaluation or leave the reader with a last impressionIntroductionBody paragraphsConclusionThe structure of argumentative essays延时符02The argument of an argumentative essayIdentifying the topic01 The first step is to identify the topic of the argumentative essay

7、It should be a table topic that has two or more sidesResearching the topic02 After selecting the topic,the next step is to conduct through research on the topic to understand all sides of the argumentIdentifying the main argument03 The main argument is the position that the essay will support It sho

8、uld be a debitable claim that can be supported with evidence and reasoningMethods for determining arguments The essay should provide valid evidence to support the argument,such as statistics,research studies,or personal experiencesValid evidence The essay should use logical reasoning to connect the

9、evidence to the argument,showing how the evidence supports the claimLogical reasoning It is important to address any potential counterarguments to the argument,showing how they are either misguided or invalidCounterargumentsReasons to support the argumentUnderstanding the opposing viewpoint It is im

10、portant to understand and acknowledge the opposing viewpoint,showing that it has been given due considerationCounterevidence The essay should provide counterevidence to refer to the opposing viewpoint,showing how it is either unsubstantiated or incorrectPoint by point reflection The essay should ref

11、lect the opposing viewpoint point by point,addressing each of its claims and showing how they are either false or unsupported by evidenceTo reflect the opposing viewpoint延时符03The argumentative methods of argumentative essaysCausal argument is a method of argument that involves establishing a cause a

12、nd effect relationship between the promises and the conclusion of the argumentIn cause argument,the writer identifies a cause that products a specific effect,and supports the claim by providing evidence that demonstrates the validity of the cause relationshipTo strengthen the causal argument,writers

13、 can utilize additional causal reasoning techniques,such as applying to expert opinion,providing statistical evidence,or citing relevant researchCausal argument单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提一一二三四五六七八九一二三四五六七八九一二三四五六七八九文，单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果单击此4*25When using example demonstration,it is important to ch

14、oose examples that are relevant,representative,and credible,and to explain how they support the argumentBy providing examples,writers can make their arguments more vivid and convincing,as the examples can illustrate abstract ideas or complex concepts in a concrete manExample demonstration01Comparati

15、ve argumentation involves comparing different entities or ideas to establish the superiority of one over another02In this method of argumentation,writers compare the characteristics,performance,or sequences of two or more entities to demonstrate which one is more attractive03To make a comparative ar

16、gument,writers need to establish a clear basis for comparison,identify the relevant criteria,and provide evidence to support their claim of superiorityComparative argumentThe contemporary evidence method involves presenting evidence that counters the claim or position being arguedBy understanding an

17、d addressing contemporary evidence,writers can strengthen their arguments by showing that they have considered and responded to opposing viewpointsTo effectively use the contemporary evidence method,writers need to identify and evaluate the reliability and relevance of the contemporary evidence,and

18、then refer to it by providing counter arguments or additional evidence in support of their positionContrary evidence method延时符04Language expression in argumentative essaysLanguage accuracyStick to a formal register to maintain a professional tone and receive a sense of severityUse formal languageEns

19、ure that the vocabulary used in the argumentative essay is appropriate and accurate,avoiding any ambiguity or fusionUse precision vocabularyProofread the essay to identify any grammar or spelling errors that may underlie the credibility of the argumentCheck grammar and spellingStructure the essay co

20、herently Organize the essay in a logical flow,with each paragraph contributing to the overall argumentUse transitional phrases Employee transitional phrases to link ideas and paragraphs,ensuring a smooth flow of ideasSupport arguments with evidence Back up assignments with relevant evidence,such as

21、facts,statistics,or expert opinions,to strengthen the logical validity of the argument010203Logical tigerUse active voice Write in the active voice to receive a sense of urgency and directionAverage jargon and technical language Stick to plain language that is accessible to the general reader,avoidi

22、ng complex or specialized vocabulary that may fuse or align the readerEdit for consensus Remove any unnecessary words or phrases that do not add value to the argument,making the essay more consensus and to the pointExpress clearly延时符05Writing Techniques for Argumentative EssaysHook Use a captioning

23、hook to draw the readers attention and interest This can be a declarative statement,a question,or a faxing factIntroduction State the argumentative essays main idea or thesis in a clear and consensus man The introduction should set the stage for the rest of the essayThe beginning is capturing Provid

24、e evidence to back up the argument This can include facts,statistics,expert opinions,or personal experiences Arrange the essay in a logical and coherent Manner,with clear transitions between ideas and paragraphsThe intermediate argument is strongOrganized StructureSupporting EvidenceConclusion Summa

25、rize the main points and reset the argument Be sure it has an impact,leaving a last impression on the readerCall to Action Provide a clear call to action or recommendation for implementing the argument This can be a call for change,further research,or actionable stepsThe ending is consistent and pow

26、erful延时符06Writing exercises for argumentative essaysWriting topicTopic selectionProvide students with a variety of argumentative essay topics,including transitional and current issues,to enhance critical thinking and argumentationTopic analysisGuide students to analyze the topic,identify the main po

27、ints and arguments,and formulate a clear and logical structure for their essays Enhance students to present and share their essays with the class,which helps to improve their public speaking skills and understanding of different perspectivesStudent exhibition Encourage students to review and provide

28、 feedback on each others essays,which helps them learn from each other and improve their writing skillsPeer reviewExhibition and Review of Student WorksWriting advice and guidanceProvide advice on grammar,punctation,and language usage to ensure that students writing is clear,accurate,and coherentDev

29、elopment of argumentsGuide students on how to develop their arguments logically and coherently,including the use of evidence,reasoning,and counterargumentsStyle and organizationTeach students about different writing styles and how to organize their essays effectively,including the use of heads,paragraphs,and transitionsGrammar and punctationTHANKS