2014年英语专八真题解析.pdf

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1、2014年专八真题详解（新题型优化）PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SE-CTION A How to Reduce Stress Good morning.Today we look at how to reduce stress.As you all lmow,life always has stressors,er,things which are causing us stress and living without stress is virtually impossible.So,if we have to live with stress,we m

2、ay as well find out more about what it is,how we can deal with it and so on.What is stress then?2The tenn was ori inall used in h sics to describe the force exerted between two touching bodies.111 restrict it a term describing a physical reaction.3Then in the 1930s a doctor named Hans Sel e S-e-1-e

3、first used this term to describe a humans reaction to a demand laced on it pleasant or not.4 And he included in this res onse thin s like accelerated breathin accelerated heart rate increased blood ressure muscle tension and so on.5Now lease notice that I said that stress can be leasant or not.This

4、res onse can also be leasant or not and stress can be both ne ative and ositive.Lets take a look at positive stress.Positive stress occurs in a life situation towards which one feels positively.Things like Christmas or getting married are usually positive events,but still stressful nonetheless.6Anot

5、her exam le is that ressure in a ob can ive some eo le incentive to work and excitement but it still is stress.Negative stress is what most of us think of when we think of stress.And negative stress occurs logically enough in situations towards which one feels negatively.7And those examples could be

6、 test-taking,a friends death and so on.But here a thing to remember is that stress in itself is not hazardous,rather the danger is in the individuals reaction to the stress.So psychologists have found that if we develop appropriate ways to cope with stressful situations,individuals can reduce the ph

7、ysiological harm which is caused by stress,or which can be caused by stress.And thats what I want to talk a bit about today:what are these appropriate ways to deal with stress;how to minimize any negative reactions.8The缸st thing that most psychologists su est is to learn to reco nize our own stress

8、si nals.We all have different types of stress signals,9but individuals should monitor themselves for stress si nals so that they can focus on minimizing or aclmowledging-the stress before it gets out of control.9And common early signs for many people include irritability,insom血，weight loss or even w

9、eight gain,smoking,drinking,increases in small errors.All kinds of things that people get which could be an early signal of stress.lOYou can consider ways to protect yourself when you start seeing these signs coming on,so you might decide to withdraw from the stressful situation or reward yourself w

10、ith equal amount of low stress activity time.That is really the frrst important way to deal with stress appropriately.The second important way to deal with stress is to pay attention to your bodys demands.llMost s cholo ists are findin that a ood exercise ro ram ood nutrition decreases the amount of

11、 stress or the effect of stress on the bod or in the mind.And this seems quite apparent because exercise can provide a stress-free environment away from your usual stressors,and it keeps your body busy and preoccupied with non-stressful things.OK.The third thing to reduce stress is to make plans and

12、 act when appropriate.What is suggested is that rather than wasting energy on worrying,an individual can direct his or her energy to plan the steps and act.And often just the planning of the action helps to reduce the stress because it reduces the worrying.12And also the result of the lan or action

13、ma serve to remove or weaken the ori inal cause of the stress.Please notice that I just now said when appropriate,and this next suggestion has to do with that idea 专八2014-1 1 of when appropriate.The third suggestion was to make plans and act when appropriate,rather than just sit around and worry.13B

14、ut the fourth Ian or fourth idea sa s to learn to acce t situations which are out of your control.These two then go hand in hand.You can make plans and act when its appropriate,but when its not appropriate or when its impossible,13the onl wa is to learn to acce t that some thin s are unchangeable,an

15、d out of your hands.So,for example,if you are in traffic,lateness caused by traffic is out of your hands.There is no sense in getting really crazy about that.If you do so,it only increases your stress to waste energy trying to resist whats inevitable,or what cant be avoided.14The last item that s ch

16、olo ists su est is to ace our activities.15By pace I mean giving yourself some mana eable tasks to do at a reasonable s eed.That is,you.go at a speed that you can handle.Break your task into manageable parts,rather than杠y to deal with the whole task all at once.So as an example in your life as a stu

17、dent,a whole term paper might feel overwhelming.But if you say to yourself:today Im going to the library and get the resources;tomorrow Im going to read three articles,and so on,you w出have broken this one large task,thats writing a term paper,down into many smaller and more manageable tasks.This wil

18、l certainly reduce your stress.OK.Having said all these,I want you to remember that the problem is not in the stressful experiences themselves.We all experience stress and stressful events.The problem is in our reactions to these experiences.And each of us has our own limits for stress and our own w

19、ays of coping with stress.So long as we have our own appropriate ways,stress or stressful situations can certainly be dealt wi出OK.Thats all for todays lecture.See you next week 1.physical【解析】本题考查压力 的第一种定义。录音提到最初人们把“压力”这一术语用来形容两个接触的物体间产生 的 力，是物理概念，故应填上 physical,与 下 面 的human reaction 形成对照。2.two touchi

20、ng bodies【解析】录音在给压力下定义时，就提到人们用“压力”来形容两个接触的物体(twotouching bodies)间产生的力。答案就在此。注意此题答 案 出 现在第 1 题之前。3.a demand【解析】空格所在处是对小标题 human reaction 的解释，录音 中解释说 Selye 博士将“压力”这一术语用来描述“人类对施加到其身上要求(a demand)的反应”，故本题应填 a demand。4.blood pressure【解析】录音提到呼吸和心跳加快、血压升高以及肌肉紧张都是人类对压力反应的具体身体表现，提纲中已提供了其他三种表现，需填入的是 blood pres

21、sure。5.Types of stress【解析 抽 空 格下 面 出 现 的 A.positive stress 和 B.negative stress 可知此部分是“压力的类型”，同时参照第 1 点(Definition of stress)和第 3 点(Ways to cope with stress)的写法，此空填 Types of stress。6.job/work【解析】此题问积极压力 出现的场合。录音在谈及这类压力 时提到 了三种场合，包括圣诞节、婚礼以及工作压力(pressure in a job),前面两种场合已在提纲 中出现，故本空应填job 或 work。7.a fri

22、ends death【解析】此题间消极压力 出现的场合。录音举出 了两个例 子，包 括参 加 考试(test-taking)和 朋 友 的 去世(afriends death)空格应填上后者。8.stress signals【解析】录音提到的第一个建议是学会识别 自 己 的压力 信号(recognize your own stress signals),由 于空 格 不 能 填 超 过 三 个 词，故 简 略 填 stress signals 即 可。9.early signals/signs【解析】此题是第一个建议下的第一个分点。录音提到人 们 应 随 时 留 意 自 己 身 上 的 压 力

23、 信 号(monitorthemselves for stress signals),随后重点提到一些压力 的早期信号，因 此答 案 应 填 early signals 或e扛ly signs。10.protect oneself【解析】录音提到，当知道压力要到来时，就应该考虑方法去保护 自 己(protect yourself),由 于原文的主语是 you,故用 了 yourself,此处答案应改为表泛指的 oneself。11.exercise and nutrition【解析】此题是针对应对压 力 的第二个方法 出 的题目。录音提到一个好的运动计划和有营养的食物可以 减少压力 或 降低其

24、影 响，故可填 exercise and nutrition。12.result【解析此题是针对应对压力 的第三个方法“合理计划和行动”出 的题 目。录音在解释第三个方法时，首先提到了制定计划 的原因，然后说明制定计划本身和计划及行动 的结果(result of the plan or action)都可以帮助消减压力，故此处答案应为 result。13.accept out-of-control situations/accept unchangeable situations 专八2014-12【解析】此题是应对压力 的第 四个方法。录音提到此方法是要学会接受超 出 你控制能力 的情形(a

25、cceptsituations which are out of your control)。回答此题时注意既要体现核心意思，又要将答案控制在三个词 以 内。考生可将原 文 的 accept situations which are out of your control 改为 accept outof-control situations,或根据 录音 随后提到 的 unchangeable,填入 accept unchangeable situations。14.pacing(ones)activities 解析】录音末尾提到最后一种方法，即“调整活动步调(pace your activi

26、ties),答案可将原文的形容词性物主代词 your 改成表泛指 的 ones,或者直接写pacing activities。15.reasonable speed【解析】此题针对应对压力 的最后一个方法。录音明确提到 pace 的意思是以合理的速度(at a reasonable speed)去完成 自 己可处理的任务(manageabletasks)。提纲中 已提供 manageable task,故本题应填另一个要素：reasonable speed。SECTIO_-B Part One:Now listen to t加interview between Oscar-winning ac

27、tress Angelina Jolie and CNNs Andrew Damon.M:First of all thank you obviously for your time,Angelina.You are now in Iraq.So what is your main aim in this visit?What are you trying to accomplish while you are out here?W:Well I came to the region about 6 months ago.I frrst went to Syria because I work

28、 with U.N.H.C.R.and there are 1.5 million refugees in Syria alone from Iraq and while I was there,I went inside and met with some internally displaced people.You know,these are the people made homeless because of the war.1 The are refu ees and this tri is to et a better icture of the intemall dis la

29、ced eo le and to discuss the situation with the local ovemment with our ovemment with the NGOs and with local eo le and t to understand what is ha enin 2because there are over 2 million internally displaced people and lthere doesnt seem to be a real coherent lan to hel them and theres lots of good w

30、诅and lots of discussionbut just a lot of talk at the moment and a lot of pieces need to be put togeth.er.lSo,trying to figure out what they are.M:What kind of a sense have you been able to get so far in terms of how severe the crisis is and what actually needs to be done to help out?W:Well,I in my r

31、esearch before I came here,I looked at the numbers and there are over 4 million people displaced and of the 2 m皿on internally displaced its estimated that 58 percent are under 12 years old.3So its a ve hi h number of eo le in a ve ve vulnerable situation and a lot of oun kids.So far the different of

32、ficials Ive met with and different local eo le Ive met with all have shared concerns and ve stron 1 ou know the have s oken out about the humanitarian crisis but um there seems to be a block in.Im not good at policy and fixing all this and saying whats wrong.4But I do know that for exam le U.N.H.C.R

33、.needs to be more active inside Ir .M:How do you think U.N.H.C.R.should be doing?W:Well,I dont have the answers 4/5but I know that this is one thin that needs to be addressed and solved because there does need to be a real resence here to hel count the eo le and re ister the people.1.What is the mai

34、n purpose of Angelinas visit to Iraq?D【解析】题 目 问 Angelina 访问伊拉克的主要 目 的，这是对话中记者提出 的第一个问题。Angelina 说她此次到访的 目的是为了 了解难民的情况，和当地政府、美国政府、非政府组织以及当地民众探讨局势，弄清情况。她又说现在似乎只有 良好愿望而没有真正明确的计划去帮助他们，她要做的就是制定(figure out)计划，所以答案应是 D。【点睛】A使世人关注难 民危机”和 B照 顾伊拉克难 民”在 Angelina 的 回 答 中 都 没 有 出 现，易 排 除。录 音 确 实提到 Angelina 和 U.N

35、.H.C.R.一 起 工 作(work with U.N.H.C.R.),但这并 非 她 此 行 的 主 要 目 的，故 应 排 除 C 为 U.N.H.C.R.工作”。2.How many internally displaced people are there in Syria?B【解析】题 目 问叙利亚境内有多少流离失所的人。Angelina 在访谈一开始就讲到她先去了叙利亚，探访当地难民情况。其中提到 了 internally displaced people 的人数为 over 2 million,所以本题选 B。【点睛】A 项 的 1.5 m诅 ion 是指从伊拉克逃到 叙利 亚

36、 的 难 民，不 是叙利 亚 难 民 的 总 数。C 项 的 4 million 是 Angelina 所专八2014-13看过 的研究数据，而且是指该 片 战 乱地 区 的难 民 总 数，也不是指叙利 亚 当 地 的 难 民。D 项 的数 字 在 录 音 中 未提及，也找不 到 任何原 文依据。3.What do.we learn about the current crisis in Iraq?A 解析采访者问 Angelina 觉得这次难民危机到底有多严重，并问需要做些什么去帮助解决这个危机。Angelina 的回答中提到难民数最很多，其中还有不少是 12 岁 以下的小孩，他们的处境堪忧

37、；她还提到 当地的这些人和官员都向外界发出 了人道主义求救。综合起来，A 项所说的“包括幼童在内 的难民缺乏救助”符合原文信息。【点睛Angelina 在 讲 那 里 缺乏人道主义救助 时，的 确 有提 到 there seems to be a block in,但 没有说是 由 叙利 亚 造成 的 封锁，故排 除 B 项。研 究 数据 显 示 有 400 万 人流 离 失所，其 中 200 万是境 内 难 民，这 200 万境 内 难 民 中 有 58%是 12岁 以 下 的 小孩，C 项扩大 了 统计的 范 围。Angelina 提到 当 地人 向 外界发 出 了 人道主义求 救，D 项

38、 的 意 思 与 之相反。4.What do we learn about Angelina from the interview?C【解析】当记者问及该做些什么来帮助解决危机时，Angelina 的 回答是类似 U.N.H.C.R.的组织需要在伊拉克国 内更积极活跃，随后又提到一件急需做的事。从反面来看，这些都表明她对当前缺乏行动的事实感到忧虑。C 项为答案。【点睛】Angelina 在访谈 中 多 次提到她不 了 解政治，也 不 懂政策方针，并未对政府 官 员 的 意 见 提 出 评论，故 A 项“反 对 官员 的 意 见“没有根据。虽 然 Angelina 提到 了 儿童 难 民，但这是

39、在她看来为 什 么 应 更积极采取4于 动 的 原 因，而 非 应 对儿童难 民 给 予优先权，B 项也 不 对。Angelina 呼吁 的是采取 实 际行 动，而 非 单纯制定方针政策，故 D 项错误。5.What do we learn about U.N.H.C.R.?C【解析Angelina 说到 U.N.H.C.R.在伊拉克的救助行动还不够积极，接着在回答关于 U.N.H.C.R.应该如何行动的问题时，提到有一件急需解决的事情该组织在当地没有帮助清点和登记难民的实际驻扎点，C 项所述与此相符。【点睛】根据 Angelina 关 于 U.N.H.C.R的 回 答，可知 该 组 织 在

40、帮 助处理此次危 机 的 过程 中 未 够 积 极，A 项 不 对。Angelina虽 然 与 这个 组 织 一起工作，并且说到 是 因 此 而先 去 了 趟叙利 亚，但 只 是 去 了 解 当 地 的 难 民 情 况，没 有 说 帮 忙登记难 民，B 项 不对。D 项也 与 U.N.H.C.R.不 够积极”的说法不 符。Part Two:M:Do you think the global community has a responsibility to address that?W:Well,I think the global community always has a respons

41、ibility to any humanitarian crisis.6And I think its in our best interest to address a humanitarian crisis on this scale because dis lacement can lead to a lot of instability and aggression.We certainly dont want that.A lot of people feel its a little calmer now.this is the time to really discuss and

42、,and tcy to get these communities back together.But if these communities dont start coming back together properly,7Aif we dont start really counting the people7Bunderstanding where they are.what they need 7Dmaking sure the schools are being built.makin sure the electrici the water and all these need

43、s are bein met and also understanding that a lot of the people that w诅return are going to come back to houses that are occupied or destroyed and bombed out.Its going to be a big operation to understand the needs to address it,to help people put the pieces of their lie back tqgether and return to the

44、ir communities.8)80 its really ust ettin the lan to etherettin the rou to ether and eve bod activel focused on hel in the refugees.M:What would be the message that you would want to carcy out of here back home or even the message that you would want to get out internationally in terms of whats happe

45、ning here.the refugee crisis the consequences that could happen in the future if its not properly addressed?W:I always hate speculation on the news,so I dont want to be somebody who speculates.Um but I think its clear that a displaced unstable pop1Ilation is what happens in Iraq,and how Iraq settles

46、 in the years to come is going to affect the entire Middle East.9And a big part of what is going to affect how it settles is how these eo le are returned and settled into their homes into their communi and brou ht back to ether and whether the can live toaether and what their communities look like s

47、o it does have broad implications.M:On a personal level why is this so important to you.you willing to come here and risk your life?W:Uh,it was a vecy easy choice to make.I felt I had to come here because it is vecy difficult to get answers about especially the internally displaced people.Its as I s

48、aid even U.N.H.C.R.who I traditionally work with-the;y are not able to be inside at the moment and so I was vecy frustratedand just getting a bunch of ideas and papers but not knowing whats really going on,lOso today Im able to talk 专八2014-14 to all different eo le from our overnment and their overn

49、ment and reall et some answers as to what is holdin u the rocesses to reall assist these eo le ro erl.M:Do you think that you in your position can try to push this process forward,but pressure perhaps on our government?W:To put pressure on our government?M:Yes,or to try to just put pressure in gener

50、al.create awareness?W:I certainly think creating awareness.I spoke to the officials from mrr government today about meeting our goal and they still intend to reach that goal.You lmow there are many different people who can be cynical or say well how are they going to do it,and I will ask them how ar