专题31语法填空-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx

《专题31语法填空-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题31语法填空-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题31 语法填空考点题型 技巧考向分析综观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势，全国卷中的完形填空中，说明文类完形填空出现的几率很小。但是，我们也不能马虎，它们作为高考题型的重要补充，还是有可能考的。因此，说明文类完形填空也要进行一定量的练习。考点导航 语法填空题的命题方式是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供的单词的正确形式。语法填空题着重从句子和语篇两个层级，考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法、语用与语篇知识，对语言的形式、意义与功能的综合运用能力，对考生理解语篇语用、分析句子结构、把握语篇话

2、题以及熟练使用语法知识等方面的能力要求比较高。语法填空题的测试点包括英语的词法、句子关系、以及在具体情景中如何确保语义连贯的篇章知识等。在试题设置上，语法填空题在形式上主要分两类：（1）有提示词填空题：通常考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、形容词与副词的等级变化、以及词类转换等；（2）无提示词填空题：通常考查冠词、代词、名词、介词与连词的正确选用等。无论是哪一类的填空题，其核心目的在于考查考生如何通过语言的、语法的、语用的以及语篇的知识，去实现语篇意义的连贯性。复习的重点是要掌握句子的基本结构。首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1）主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）（2）主语+系

3、动词+表语。其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1）充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2）充当谓语的一定是动词。（3）充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。（4）在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5）作状语的典型词类是副词。再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：（1）用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。 (2) 用if,unless,before,after,until,althoug

4、h,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。（3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。解语法填空，要从词、句、篇三个层面去思考。1. 词汇层面方法1：作主语或宾语的名词或形容词+名词前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，

5、根据上下文填冠词。方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。方法6：当（+限定词）+名词或+代词/doing/从句在句中不作主语或宾语时，通常填介词。2. 句子层面方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（作主语/宾语/表语/同

6、位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句中的成分和意义确定连词。方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（作定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句作主语和宾语，作状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（作状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。3. 篇章意义层面方法：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。【题型

7、分析】 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 1 six months out of the year. Of course, we 2 it when the sun is shining, says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism office. We see the sky is 3 , but d

8、own in the valley its darker its like on a 4 day.” But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 7 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountains

9、ide were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the towns central 11 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 ,

10、 Rjukan residents gathered together. People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other, Ro says. The town square was totally 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. The 3,500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light feels lik

11、e more than enough for the towns 18 residents. Its not very 19 ,” she says, but it is enough when we are 20 .”1. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely2. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice3. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide4. A. cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm5. A. helpedB. changedC. happenedD. mat

12、tered6. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras7. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined8. A. repairB. riskC. restD. use9. A. forbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows10. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year11. A. libraryB. hallC. squareD. street12. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped13.

13、A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. siting14. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold15. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent16. A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store17. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly18. A. nature-lovingB. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved19. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy20. A. tr

14、yingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing【答案】 （1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；（11）C；（12）A；（13）D；（14）A；（15）B；（16）C；（17）B；（18）D；（19）A；（20）D； 【解析】【分析】本文讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。 （1）考查副词辨析。A.only仅仅；B.obviously；显然地；C.nearly几乎；D.precisel

15、y精确的。根据前文fromlateSeptembertomid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故答案为C。 （2）考查动词辨析。A.fear害怕；B.believe相信；C.hear听见；D.notice注意。根据后文 but down in the valley its darker 可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。 （3）考查形容词词义辨析。A.empty空的；B.blue蓝色的；C.high搞得；D.wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。 （4）考查形容词辨析。A.c

16、loudy多云的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.warm温暖的。根据前文 but down in the valley its darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故答案为A。 （5）考查动词辨析。A.helped帮助；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B。 （6）考查名词辨析。A.computers电脑；B.telescopes望远镜；C.mirrors镜子；D.cameras相机。根据后文toreflectsunlightfromneigh

17、boringpeaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，可知是镜子，故答案为C。 （7）考查动词辨析。A.remembered记得；B.forecasted预报；C.received获得，收到；D.imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故答案为C。 （8）考查名词辨析。A.repair修理；B.risk风险；C.rest休息；D.use使用。根据前一句theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，putsthtouse把某物投入使用。故答案为D。 （9）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控

18、制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A.forbids禁止；B.directs指导，导演；C.predicts预测；D.follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。 （10）考查名词辨析。A.day白天；B.night夜晚；C.month月；D.year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故答案为A。 （11）考查名词辨析。A.library图书馆；B.hall大厅；C.square广场；D.street街道。根据后文Thetownsquare可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故答案为C。 （12）考查动词辨析。A

19、.appeared出现；B.returned归还；C.faded褪去；D.stopped停止。根据后文Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故答案为A。 （13）考查动词辨析。A.driving驾驶；B.hiding隐藏；C.camping露营；D.sitting坐。根据本句andstandingthere可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故答案为D。 （14）考查名词辨析。A.pictures照片，图片；B.notes笔记；C.care照顾；D.hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故答案为A。 （15）考查

20、形容词辨析。A.new新的；B.full满的；C.flat平坦的；D.silent沉默的。根据后文Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故答案为B。 （16）考查动词辨析。A.block阻挡；B.avoid避免；C.enjoy喜欢，享受；D.store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。 （17）考查副词辨析。A.Instead代替；B.However然而；C.Gradually逐渐地；D.Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受

21、到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故答案为B。 （18）考查形容词辨析。A.nature-loving热爱自然的；B.energy-saving节能的；C.weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D.sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故答案为D。 （19）考查形容词辨析。A.big大的；B.clear清晰的；C.cold冷的；D.easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故答案为A。 （20）考查动词辨析。A.trying尝试；B.waiting等待；C.wat

22、ching观看；D.sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。检测训练1、A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey,

23、 who shook it 3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the monkey always ignored his

24、7 . Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8 but without necessarily achieving 9 result.Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts

25、 and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 14 by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monke

26、ys some psychology is just like 15 of human beings.1. A. keptB. roseC. fedD. caught2. A. movingB. removedC. discoveredD. covered3. A. happilyB. anxiouslyC. hurriedlyD. instantly4. A. suddenlyB. accidentallyC. occasionallyD. quickly5. A. asB. thatC. whatD. until6. A. ButB. WhenC. ThereforeD. Thus7. A

27、. directionsB. explanationsC. performancesD. instructions8. A. effortB. strengthC. powerD. force9. A. expectingB. interestingC. satisfyingD. desired10. A. whatB. howC. whyD. which11. A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimplyD. Nearly12. A. putB. sendC. payD. shift13. A. gestureB. mouthC. handD. eye14. A. taken

28、awayB. taken offC. taken overD. taken on15. A. thatB. theC. thoseD. this【答案】ABBBA ADADA CDCCA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子做实验，发现猴子与人类的一些心理有相似之处。1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子。A. kept饲养；B. rose上升；C. fed喂养；D. caught抓到。既然是搞研究，自然是要长期的饲养，故A项正确。2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他拿起一个玻璃瓶，取出瓶塞，放了两颗花生进去。A. moving移动；

29、B. removed移除，去掉；C. discovered发现；D. covered覆盖。根据空后的put two peanuts inside it.可知，他放了两颗花生进去，这说明他拔掉了瓶塞，故B项正确。3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地摇晃了很久，当花生意外掉下来的时候，它能得到花生。A. happily高兴地；B. anxiously焦急地；C. hurriedly匆匆；D. instantly立即。猴子想要吃瓶子里的花生，自然是焦急地晃动瓶子，故B项正确。4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地摇晃了很久，当花生意外掉下来的时候

30、，它能得到花生。A. suddenly突然；B. accidentally意外地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. quickly很快。然后他把瓶子递给一只猴子，上文说 花生掉到了瓶子的底部，正常情况下是很难晃出来的，只能是在意外情况下掉出来，故B项正确。5. 考查连接词辨析。句意：科学家像之前一样又往瓶子里放了一些花生，向猴子展示只需要把瓶子倒过来花生就可以掉出来。A. as像；B. that那个；C. what什么；D. until直到。根据空后的he had done before可知，科学家像之前一样又往瓶子里放了一些花生，用as引导方式状语从句，故A项正确。6. 考查连词辨析

31、。句意：但是猴子总是无视他的指示。A. But但是；B. When当；C. Therefore因此；D. Thus因此。科学家向猴子展示只需要把瓶子倒过来花生就可以掉出来，猴子却总是无视他的指示，前后是转折关系，故A项正确。7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是猴子总是无视他的指示。A. direction说明；B. explanations解释；C. performances表演；D. instructions指示。上文说科学家向猴子展示只需要把瓶子倒过来花生就可以掉出来，这是他给猴子的指示，下文的instructs也是提示，故D项正确。8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次它只是疯狂地摇瓶子，努力

32、地摇，但不一定能达到它想要的效果。A. effort努力；B. strength力量；C. power权力；D. force武力。根据空前的it just shook the bottle frantically可知，猴子很努力地摇瓶子，故A项正确。9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次它只是疯狂地摇瓶子，努力地摇，但不一定能达到它想要的效果。A. expecting期待的；B. interesting有趣的；C. satisfying令人满意；D. desired想要的。猴子努力地药瓶子是想让里面的花生掉出来，这是它想要的结果，故D项正确。10. 考查宾语从句。句意：现在的问题是为什么猴子不能

33、理解科学家的指示。understand后的部分为宾语从句，从句中的instructs缺少宾语，应该用what引导这个宾语从句，故A项正确。11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：只是因为它所有的注意力都集中在花生上。A. Probably可能；B. Likely可能；C. Simply简单地；D. Nearly几乎。此处解释猴子不能理解科学家的指示的原因只是因为它所有的注意力都集中在花生上，故C项正确。12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，它必须把目光从花生上移开，迅速地将注意力转移到科学家的手部动作上。A. put放置；B. send发送；C. pay支付；D. shift转移。根据空后的its a

34、ttention to the _13_ movement of the scientist可知，它必须将注意力转移到科学家的手部动作上，故D项正确。13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，它必须把目光从花生上移开，迅速地将注意力转移到科学家的手部动作上。A. gesture手势；B. mouth嘴；C. hand手；D. eye眼睛。根据上文的介绍可知科学家是通过手来向猴子演示把瓶子倒过来花生就会掉出来的，故C项正确。14. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它必须冷静下来，不要被它的食欲所控。A. taken away带走；B. taken off 起飞；C. taken over接管；D. take

35、n on承担。根据空后的by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite.可知，它必须冷静下来，不要被食欲所控（接管），故选C项正确。15. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：正是这样的例子，揭示了猴子的某些心理与人类的相似之处。A. that那个（指代与前面提到的同一类人或物，表单数）；B. the定冠词，表特指；C. those那些；D. this这个。此处指代与前面的some psychology同一类事物，故A项正确。2、I was on a train in Switzerland. The train came to a stop and the conductors

36、voice over the loudspeaker 1. (deliver) a message in German, Italian, and French. Id made the mistake of not learning any of those languages before my vacation.Everyone started getting off the train and an old woman saw that I was 2. (confuse). She could speak some English and told me that an accide

37、nt had happened on the 3. (track). She asked me where I was trying to get to, then went and talked to some workers, and came back to tell me that wed have to get on trains three or four times to get there.I was really glad she was heading 4. same way because it would have been impossible for me to f

38、igure it 5. on my own. So we went from one train station to the next, getting to know each other along the way.She was really the 6. (sweet) woman. It was a 2.5-hour journey in total, and 7. we made it to the final destination, we got off and said our goodbyes. I had made it just in time to catch my

39、 train to Rome. She told me she had a train to catch as well. I asked her how much farther she had to go and 8. turned out that her home was two hours back the other way.She had jumped from train to train and traveled the whole way just 9. (make) sure that I made it. I was in shock. A woman spent he

40、r whole day sitting on trains and taking her hours away from her home just to help out a confused tourist 10. (visit) her country.【答案】1. delivered2. confused3. tracks4. the5. out6. sweetest7. when8. it9. to make10. visiting【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在异国他乡坐火车时遇到一个好心的人，全程给作者指引方向。1. 考查动词时态。句意：火车停了下来，喇叭里传来售票员用德

41、语、意大利语和法语传递信息的声音。分析句子可知，deliver在句中作谓语动词。根据上下文判断出应该用一般过去时，主语voice和deliver之间为主动传播，故答案为delivered。2. 考查形容词。句意：每个人都开始下车，一个老妇人看到我很困惑。根据空前的I was可知，此处应该填写修饰人的形容词，故填confused。3. 考查名词。句意：她会说一些英语，告诉我说轨道上发生了一些问题。根据常识判断，轨道是复数，故填tracks。4. 考查冠词。句意：我很高兴她也走了同样的路，因为要我自己弄清楚是不可能的。根据“same way”可知，此处应该填定冠词，故填the。5. 考查固定搭配。

42、句意：我很高兴她也走了同样的路，因为要我自己弄清楚是不可能的。figure out为固定搭配，意为“弄明白”，故填out。6. 考查形容词最高级。句意：她真的是最好心的女人。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应该填写形容词最高级，故填sweetest。7. 考查连词。句意：当我们到达了最终的目的地，我们下了车互相道别。分析句子可知，此处是时间状语从句，故填when。8. 考查代词。句意：我问她还得走多远，结果发现她家要从另一条路回去两小时。It turned out that .为固定句型，意为“结果是.”，故填it。9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她从一辆火车跳到另一辆火车，一路走来，只为了确保我能

43、赶上。分析句意可知，此处是表示目的，故用不定式，故填to make。10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个女人花了一整天的时间坐在火车上，远离自己的家，只是为了帮助一个困惑的游客去她的国家。分析句子成分可知，visit在句中作后置定语，修饰tourist，且两者之间为主动关系，故填visiting。3、In ancient China lived an artist. _61_ paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get hi

44、s portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their _62_ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. _63_(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel

45、 to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with _64_ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. _65_ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _66_ (point) down the river. Th

46、e next morning he hired a boat and set out _67_ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, _68_ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. _69_ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _70_ earth, Mother Nature.【答案】61. whose 62. finest 63. be chosen 64. curiosity 65. When/As