云南省大理市白族自治州2024届高三下学期二模英语试题 Word版含解析.docx

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1、大理州2024届高中毕业生第二次复习统一检测英语注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号及科目，在规定的位置贴好条形码。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFami

2、ly dynamics in the animal kingdom are as different as the animals themselves. In the animal world, there are advantages to be gained from being part of an extended family.ChimpanzeesChimpanzees are the worlds largest living primates. These creatures are peace-loving and may live together for a lifet

3、ime. The dominant male has many wives who may stay with him for most of their lives, which can cause everyday conflicts. It is the male who settles the conflicts by a warning stare or hitting the back of the offenders heads.ElephantsFemales stick together in the elephant world, living in herds under

4、 a stateswoman. The experience and knowledge of this elder one, who may be 60-years-old, are of great benefit. She will remember, for example,the location of water holes and seasonal food supplies. In times of danger, the group bunches around the young and it is the stateswoman who decides whether t

5、o flee or confront the threat.LionsLions are the only cats to live in a large family group, guarded by a pair of powerful males. Family life is relatively harmonious and baby lions may be fed by any mother with milk, so orphaned babies do not starve. Males live in the wilderness for some years befor

6、e seeking their own pride by challenging resident males in a bloody battle. The male lion protects his pride from other males and enemies.Ostriches (鸵鸟)Ostriches travel in bands of 10-50 individuals, the most remarkable birds being the eight-foot-tall males. The largest birds in the world, ostriches

7、 cannot fly, but run fast. The wives of the male ostrich all put their eggs in the same nest. A primary female will then join the male to hatch (孵化) the eggs and she will push away other eggs on the outside to ensure her own are in the middle.1. How is an elephant herd different from other three ani

8、mal groups?A. The leader should be the oldest and experienced.B. The number of the animals in a herd must be large.C. An experienced female elephant dominates the herd.D. They will protect their young when they are in danger.2. Which of the following statement is correct?A. Baby lions often go hungr

9、y as they cant hunt.B. A female and a male ostriches hatch eggs jointly.C. Elephants remember every place they have been to.D. The female chimpanzee leader settles daily conflicts.3. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A text book.B. A science fiction.C. A course plan.D. A wildlife journal.【答案

10、】1. C 2. B 3. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物王国中不同动物家庭结构的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Chimpanzees部分中“The dominant male has many wives who may stay with him for most of their lives, which can cause everyday conflicts.(占主导地位的雄性有很多妻子，这些妻子可能会陪伴他一生的大部分时间，这可能会导致日常冲突)”、Elephants部分中“Females stick together in the elephant wor

11、ld, living in herds under a stateswoman.(在大象的世界里，雌象团结在一起，在女领袖的领导下群居)”、Lions部分中“Lions are the only cats to live in a large family group, guarded by a pair of powerful males.(狮子是唯一生活在大家庭中的猫科动物，由一对强大的雄性守护)”和Ostriches (鸵鸟)部分“Ostriches travel in bands of 10-50 individuals, the most remarkable birds being

12、 the eight-foot-tall males.(鸵鸟以10-50只为一群，最引人注目的是8英尺高的雄性)”可知，象群与其他三个动物群体不同之处是象群由一头经验丰富的母象统治。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Ostriches (鸵鸟)部分中“A primary female will then join the male to hatch (孵化) the eggs and she will push away other eggs on the outside to ensure her own are in the middle.(一只主要的雌性会和雄性一起孵化蛋，她会推开外

13、面的其他蛋，以确保自己的蛋在中间)”可知，雌鸵鸟和雄鸵鸟一起孵蛋。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Family dynamics in the animal kingdom are as different as the animals themselves. In the animal world, there are advantages to be gained from being part of an extended family.(动物王国的家庭动态就像动物本身一样不同。在动物世界里，作为大家庭的一员是有好处的)”和下文内容可知，文章介绍了动物王国中不同动

14、物的家庭结构，所以文章很可能出自野生动物杂志。故选D项。BJim Curry lights a stove in the parking lot of Christ Episcopal Church in Guilford. Itll get up to 2,000 degrees, hot enough to soften the metal of shotgun parts so they can be reshaped.A crowd is watching, and Curry picks out a 9-year-old named Oliver to help him. “This

15、 is really magic,” Curry says. “Right before your very eyes, youre gonna see Oliver transform this gun, this instrument of potential harm, into something that could never be a gun ever again. Its gonna be a trowel (泥铲), which could be used to plant flowers in a garden.”“It is exciting,” Oliver says.

16、 “I love the fact that you can take metal thats random and shape it into something useful.”Curry, a retired priest, is a co-founder of Swords to Plowshares (犁) Northeast, the organization putting on this event, which helps police departments manage their gun buyback programs and repurpose the weapon

17、s into gardening tools.The finished tools are donated to community gardens and agricultural high schools and the harvested vegetables donated to soup kitchens and homeless shelters, according to the groups website.Retired priest Mary Ann first volunteered with Swords to Plowshares when a family memb

18、er fell victim to gun violence. She helps collect guns through police buybacks. “When theres such despair now in our country, people need to know that we can change. There is hope,” she says.Curry wears a constant reminder of that hope around his neck. Its two large pieces of metal molded into the s

19、hape of a cross. “Its made out of pieces of an AK-47 used for killing”, he says. “But Gods love breaks it apart, reshapes it, then transforms it into the sign of greatest hope the cross. And thats why I wear it.”4. What do Curry and Oliver do in the parking lot?A. They measure the temperature of a h

20、ot stove.B. They do magic tricks in front of many people.C. They turn whats threatening into whats useful.D. They do experiments on how to make useful tools.5. Where can you find the reshaped tools from the text?A. In homeless shelters.B. In some famous gardens.C. In agricultural high schools.D. In

21、kitchens of the community.6. What can be inferred from Marry Anns words?A. She feels desperate as she lost her beloved one.B. Her country may be under threat from gun violence.C. She will do something significant to rescue the world.D. Her family member was killed because of gun violence.7. What can

22、 you learn about Curry from the last paragraph?A. He made the cross all by himself.B His cross is a weapon used to kill.C. The cross reminds him to reshape more tools.D. The cross represents his hope for a better life.【答案】4. C 5. C 6. C 7. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一位名叫吉姆柯里的退休神父和他所创办的组织“Swords to Plow

23、shares Northeast”举办的活动。在这个活动中，他们通过将枪支重新加工成园艺工具，将暴力武器转化为有益社会的事物，从而带来积极影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Jim Curry lights a stove in the parking lot of Christ Episcopal Church in Guilford. Itll get up to 2,000 degrees, hot enough to soften the metal of shotgun parts so they can be reshaped.(吉姆库里在吉尔福德基督圣公会教堂的停车场点燃炉

24、子。温度可达2000度，足以融化猎枪零件的金属以便重新塑造)”和第二段中“Right before your very eyes, youre gonna see Oliver transform this gun, this instrument of potential harm, into something that could never be a gun ever again. Its gonna be a trowel (泥铲), which could be used to plant flowers in a garden.(就在你眼前，你会看到奥利弗把这把枪，这把潜在的伤害

25、工具，变成了永远不会再是枪的东西。这是一把泥铲，可以用来在花园里种花)”可知，库里和奥利弗在停车场融化具有威胁的枪支，把它们变成有用的劳动工具。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“The finished tools are donated to community gardens and agricultural high schools(制作完成的工具被捐赠给社区花园和农业高中)”可知，重新铸造的工具可以在农业高中找到。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中Mary Ann的话“When theres such despair now in our country, p

26、eople need to know that we can change. There is hope, (当我们的国家现在如此绝望时，人们需要知道我们可以改变。还有希望)”中“theres such despair now in our country”可推知，她的国家可能正受到来自枪支暴力的威胁。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Its made out of pieces of an AK-47 used for killing”, he says. “But Gods love breaks it apart, reshapes it, then transforms

27、 it into the sign of greatest hope the cross. And thats why I wear it.”(他说：“它是用AK-47步枪的碎片做成的。但是上帝的爱把它拆开，重新塑造，然后把它变成最大希望的标志十字架。这就是我戴它的原因。”)”可知，Curry的十字架是用AK-47步枪的碎片做成，Curry认为它象征着杀戮可以转变成爱。由此推知，Curry的十字架代表着他对美好生活的希望。故选D项。CWe grow up -unavoidably-with a strong attachment to a plan A, that is,an idea of

28、how our lives will go and what we need to do to achieve our particular set of well-defined goals.But then, for some of us and at one level all of us, life turns out to have made a few other plans. A sudden injury puts a certain career forever out of reach. A small but significant error changes every

29、thing about how crucial others view us. And so, promptly, we find we have to give up on plan A altogether, which can feel devastating. We alternately weep and anger at the turn of events. It is for such moments that we should consider one of lifes most vital skills: that of developing a plan B.The f

30、irst element involves fully acknowledging that no one gets through life with all their careful plan As.Plan As simply do not work out all the time. Something unexpected,shocking and hateful regularly comes along, not only to us, but to all human beings.The further point is to realize that we are, ds

31、pite moments of confusion, absolutely capable of developing very satisfactory plan Bs. Adults are good at keeping needing to refresh in our minds and drawing comfort from in anxious moments. We have enormous capacities to act and to adapt. Perhaps well have to leave town forever, maybe well have to

32、resign an occupation we spent a decade nurturing - until we rediscover our potential plan B muscle. In reality, there would be a possibility to relocate, to start afresh in another field, to turn around the terrible event. There was no one script for us written at our birth, and nor does there need

33、to be only one going forward.Crucially, we dont need to know right now what our pla Bs might be or anticipate every frustration that might come our way; we should simply feel confident that, were the universe to command it, we would know how to find a very different path.8.Whats the function of the

34、opening paragraph?A.To arouse thinking. B. To introduce the topic.C.To define a concept. D. To set the background.9.What does the underlined word mean in the second paragraph?A. Disastrous. B.Indifferent. C.Entertaining. D. Relaxing.10.Which statement is true according to the passage?A. We must be b

35、lamed for having to make a plan B.B.There will be only one script for us written in life.C.Adults are an adaptable species to tackle problems. D. Plan Bs are actually superior to plan As all the time.11.The best structure of this passage is_.A. B. C. D. DAnyone keen to view from on high the prospero

36、us cityscape of Guangdong may soon can do so from the cabin of a flying taxi. On October 13th the Civil Aviation (航空) Administration of China (CAAC) awarded a “type certificate” to the worlds first electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) taxi. And the small two-seater, called the EH216-S, was

37、 also permitted to fly without a pilot on board.The EH216-S is made by EHang, a company based in Guangdong. It looks like a large consumer drone with a passenger bubble installed on top. Propulsion (推动力) is provided by 16 small rotors (转子), installed on the tips of eight arms that fold away when the

38、 vehicle is not in use, allowing it to park in small spaces.The CAAC gave its approval after EHang had conducted more than 40,000 test flights, including with volunteer passengers in 18 cities across China. It also monitored the EH216-S to structural analysis and crash tests, and checked its ability

39、 to keep flying if one of its rotors fails. Regulators (监管机构) also inspected the wireless network EHang uses to link its flying taxis to a control centre on the ground. That allows backup pilots to land an aircraft by remote control if there is a problem.EHang says its pilotless eVTOLs will be quiet

40、er than helicopters and much cheaper to operate, thanks to the ability to swap out an expensive pilot for a second paying passenger. The firm also thinks that doing away with pilots will make things safer. A computers attention never swings, and its reaction operate at a high speed. And it is much e

41、asier to automate than driving, for there are fewer barriers and unexpected situations to navigate.EHang has ambitions beyond China, too. It has carried out demonstration flights in Amrica and Europe with the aim of obtaining type certificates in both markets. But their regulators both have signalle

42、d that they will allow autonomous flights only after the vehicles have proved themselves safe in human hands.8. Which of the following best describes EH216-S?A. EH216-S has a high safety factor than pilot driving.B. EH216-S requires the pilots to land by remote control.C. EH216-S taking is more expe

43、nsive due to automation.D. EH216-S looks like a consumer drone with foldable rotors.9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The firm has gained type certificates in both markets.B. The two countries regulators are likely to be careless.C. Ehang is not alone in expanding the overseas marke

44、ts.D. Ehang may make more efforts to get widely recognized.10. Which is the main idea of the text?A. The test of pilotless aircrafts.B. The history of two seats and no pilot.C The advantages of pilotless flying taxi.D. The approval of the worlds first flying taxi.11. Whats the attitude of author tow

45、ards EH216-S?A. Favorable.B. Objective.C. Negative.D. Critical.【答案】8. D 9. D 10. D 11. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国广东省一家名为亿航智能的公司制造的世界上第一架电动垂直起降出租车EH216-S，该车获得了中国民航局颁发的“型号证书”，允许无人驾驶。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“It looks like a large consumer drone with a passenger bubble installed on top. Propulsion (推动力) is pr

46、ovided by 16 small rotors (转子), installed on the tips of eight arms that fold away when the vehicle is not in use, allowing it to park in small spaces.(它看起来像一架大型消费级无人机，顶部安装了一个乘客舱。动力由16个小转子提供，安装在8个臂的顶端，当车辆不使用时，可以折叠起来，允许它停在小空间)”可知，Eh216-3看起来像一架可折叠旋翼的消费级无人机。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“EHang has ambitions

47、beyond China, too. It has carried out demonstration flights in Amrica and Europe with the aim of obtaining type certificates in both markets. But their regulators both have signalled that they will allow autonomous flights only after the vehicles have proved themselves safe in human hands.(亿航在中国以外也有

48、野心。它已在美洲和欧洲进行了示范飞行，目的是在这两个市场获得型号证书。但两国的监管机构都表示，只有在车辆被证明在人类手中是安全的之后，他们才会允许自动飞行)”可知，亿航要想在美洲和欧洲获得型号证书必须先证明EH216-S在人类手中是安全，由此推知，亿航要想获得广泛认可，可能还要做出更多努力。故选D项。【10题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Anyone keen to view from on high the prosperous cityscape of Guangdong, may soon can do so from the cabin of a flying taxi. On October 13th the Civil Aviation (航空) Administration of China (CAAC) awarded a “type certificate” to the worlds first electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL)taxi. And the small two-seater, called the EH216-S, wa