专题28完形填空之说明文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx

《专题28完形填空之说明文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题28完形填空之说明文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx（30页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题28完形填空之说明文类考点题型 技巧考向分析说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。说明文类的完形填空的特征如下：1.文章多用现在时态说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时

2、态。2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。3.文章主题明确，层次分明说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。1.利用说明文首句，明确说明对象2.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等）和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等）。3.逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项对特定的语境作深

3、入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。【题型分析】Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28_ , your body clock is confused. Youre sleepy all day, but when its time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously your

4、e 29 _jet lag(时差反应）.28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate【解析】：下文的“jet lag(时差反应）”说明，在旅行时要适应时差。29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to【解析】：上文的“hardly fall asleep”说明人们常常不能顺利地倒时差；suffer from“受折磨”。【答案】：28.B29.AHow long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age

5、think that the human body is 1 _to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live-if he or she is 2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_. They wear

6、 out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die .1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered【解析】：此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。design“设计”。2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely【解析】：根据上下文可知，此处表示110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的时间了如果一个人极其健康和幸运的话，extremely“极度，极其”。3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessl

7、y D. separately【解析】：这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖，所以人才会变老。endlessly“无止况地，无限地”。4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately【解析】：get old的最终结果就是死亡，因此用eventually表示“最终”。【答案】：1.A2.D3.C4.A检测训练1、 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight

8、from late September to mid-March- 1 six months out of the year. Of course, we 2 it when the sun is shining, says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism office. We see the sky is 3 , but down in the valley its darker its like on a 4 day.” But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to r

9、eflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 7 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along with the sun throughout

10、 the 10 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the towns central 11 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 , Rjukan residents gathered together. People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other,

11、 Ro says. The town square was totally 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. The 3,500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 18 residents. Its not very 19 ,” she says, but it is enough when we are 20 .”

12、1. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely2. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice3. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide4. A. cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm5. A. helpedB. changedC. happenedD. mattered6. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras7. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined8. A.

13、repairB. riskC. restD. use9. A. forbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows10. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year11. A. libraryB. hallC. squareD. street12. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped13. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. siting14. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold15. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent16

14、. A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store17. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly18. A. nature-lovingB. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved19. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy20. A. tryingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing【答案】 （1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；（11）C；（12）A；（13）D；（

15、14）A；（15）B；（16）C；（17）B；（18）D；（19）A；（20）D； 【解析】【分析】本文讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。 （1）考查副词辨析。A.only仅仅；B.obviously；显然地；C.nearly几乎；D.precisely精确的。根据前文fromlateSeptembertomid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故答案为C。 （2）考查动词辨析。A.fear害怕；B.believe相信；C.hear听见；D.notic

16、e注意。根据后文 but down in the valley its darker 可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。 （3）考查形容词词义辨析。A.empty空的；B.blue蓝色的；C.high搞得；D.wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。 （4）考查形容词辨析。A.cloudy多云的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.warm温暖的。根据前文 but down in the valley its darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故答案为A

17、。 （5）考查动词辨析。A.helped帮助；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B。 （6）考查名词辨析。A.computers电脑；B.telescopes望远镜；C.mirrors镜子；D.cameras相机。根据后文toreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，可知是镜子，故答案为C。 （7）考查动词辨析。A.remembered记得；B.forecasted预报；C.received获得，收到；D.imagined想象。根

18、据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故答案为C。 （8）考查名词辨析。A.repair修理；B.risk风险；C.rest休息；D.use使用。根据前一句theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，putsthtouse把某物投入使用。故答案为D。 （9）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A.forbids禁止；B.directs指导，导演；C.predicts预测；D.follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移

19、动，故选B。 （10）考查名词辨析。A.day白天；B.night夜晚；C.month月；D.year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故答案为A。 （11）考查名词辨析。A.library图书馆；B.hall大厅；C.square广场；D.street街道。根据后文Thetownsquare可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故答案为C。 （12）考查动词辨析。A.appeared出现；B.returned归还；C.faded褪去；D.stopped停止。根据后文Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故答案为A。 （13）

20、考查动词辨析。A.driving驾驶；B.hiding隐藏；C.camping露营；D.sitting坐。根据本句andstandingthere可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故答案为D。 （14）考查名词辨析。A.pictures照片，图片；B.notes笔记；C.care照顾；D.hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故答案为A。 （15）考查形容词辨析。A.new新的；B.full满的；C.flat平坦的；D.silent沉默的。根据后文Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可

21、知广场全是人，故答案为B。 （16）考查动词辨析。A.block阻挡；B.avoid避免；C.enjoy喜欢，享受；D.store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。 （17）考查副词辨析。A.Instead代替；B.However然而；C.Gradually逐渐地；D.Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故答案为B。 （18）考查形容词辨析。A.nature-loving热爱自然的；B.energy-saving节能的；C.weather

22、-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D.sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故答案为D。 （19）考查形容词辨析。A.big大的；B.clear清晰的；C.cold冷的；D.easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故答案为A。 （20）考查动词辨析。A.trying尝试；B.waiting等待；C.watching观看；D.sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。2、There are good stories to be found in nearly every volunteer ex

23、perience. But Laurie Scott is positive that 1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and the very deeply meaningful outcomes. Scott

24、 4 Christine, for example, a student from Norway. 5 at a restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with 6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or sal

25、ad”.Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. They had just moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 . Through the agency I have found the best pa

26、rt of my community in our great families and have been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young man from Germany named Jens, about how Ameri

27、cans volunteer. In Germany, where young people are 14 to spend a year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very involved with local schools. 18 all stories that come out of intern

28、ational exchange, theres a (an) 19 in this one: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.1. A. adoptingB. hostingC. raisingD. teaching2. A. internationalB. promisingC. needyD. urban3. A. relativesB. collegesC. housesD. friends4. A. missesB. remembersC. praisesD. loves5. A. QueuingB. Work

29、ingC. CallingD. Ordering6. A. surpriseB. angerC. delightD. fear7. A. announcedB. realisedC. explainedD. concluded8. A. obviouslyB. frequentlyC. probablyD. originally9. A. make upB. give awayC. take overD. bring about10. A. talentedB. involvedC. organizedD. relaxed11. A. familiarB. flexibleC. positiv

30、eD. controversial12. A. sacrificeB. devotionC. responseD. addiction13. A. teachingB. remindingC. questioningD. warning14. A. requiredB. advisedC. determinedD. considered15. A. compulsoryB. widespreadC. validD. unusual16. A. frightenedB. relievedC. attractedD. challenged17. A. foundedB. inspiredC. jo

31、inedD. permitted18. A. ExceptB. LikeC. Rather thanD. Regardless of19. A. differenceB. anecdoteC. amusementD. lesson20. A. mindsB. homesC. eyesD. schools【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了斯科特做志愿者家庭接待国际学生的

32、过程中遇到的事情以及做志愿者工作的意义。1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯科特很肯定接待一个交换生会产生一些伟大的故事。A. adopting 采纳；B. hosting 接待，主办；C. raising 提高，养育，募集；D. teaching 教。根据下文中“Scott and her husband_8_volunteered to be a host family in August 2003.(斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份)”可知，此处应填hosting。故选B。2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个帮助国际学生在美国期间与温暖关爱的家庭建立联系的中介公司的

33、长期志愿者，斯科特亲眼看到了幽默和意义深远的结果。A. international 国际的；B. promising 有前途的；C. needy需要的；D. urban 城镇的。根据下文“Scott_Christine, for example, a student from Norway.(例如，斯科特想起了克里斯汀，一位来自挪威的学生)”可知，这是来自挪威的学生，所以应是帮助国际学生。故选A。3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个帮助国际学生在美国期间与温暖关爱的家庭建立联系的中介公司的长期志愿者，斯科特亲眼看到了幽默和意义深远的结果。A. relatives 亲戚；B. colleges

34、 大学；C. houses住所，家庭成员；D. friends 朋友。根据上下文可知，此处指国际学生来到美国，中介公司帮助他们与寄住家庭建立联系，斯科特是志愿者。故选C。4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，斯科特想起了克里斯汀，一位来自挪威的学生。A. misses思念；B. remembers 记起，想起；C. praises 表扬；D. loves 爱。根据上文可知，提到幽默，斯科特想起了一位曾经接待过的挪威学生。故选B。5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天在一家餐馆点餐时，克里斯汀被问到是要喝汤还是吃沙拉。A. Queuing 排队；B. Working 工作；C. Calling 叫喊

35、； D. Ordering 点餐。根据下文“Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott_7_that what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.(尽量笑的不要太厉害，斯科特解释说服务生问的是你想要“汤还是沙拉”)”可知，这是在餐馆点餐。故选D。6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女孩惊讶地转向斯科特，“我为什么要吃超级沙拉？”A. surprise 惊讶；B. anger生气；C. delight 开心；D. fear 害怕。根据后半句女孩问的话，可知女孩很惊讶服务生问的话。故选A

36、。7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽量笑的不要太厉害，斯科特解释说服务生问的是你想要“汤还是沙拉”。A. announced 宣布；B. realised 意识到；C. explained解释；D. concluded 得出结论。根据下半句“what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”可知，这里是斯科特向女孩解释服务生问的话。故选C。8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份。A. obviously明显地；B. frequently频繁地；C. probably可能地；

37、D. originally起初，最初。根据“in August 2003”可知，这里描述最初作志愿者的情况。故选D。9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过理解帮助他人实现世界和平的理念让我参与其中。A. make up 编造，化妆；B. give away 赠送；C. take over 夺取；D. bring about 带来。根据句意可知，斯科特认为帮助能带来和平。故选D。10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过理解帮助实现世界和平的理念让我参与其中。A. talented 天赋高的；B. involved 参与其中的，相关的；C. organized有组织的；D. relaxed 放松的。根据

38、上文“Scott and her husband_8_volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. (斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份)”可知，斯科特做了志愿者，所以她参与志愿者的工作。故选B。11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过中介公司，我发现我们社区最好的一部分在我们伟大的家族中，并且我可以和我们的学生分享美国积极的一面。A. familiar 熟悉；B. flexible 灵活的；C. positive积极的；D. controversial 有争议的。根据上半句“Through the agency I have

39、 found the best part of my community in our great families”可知，作者想和学生分享积极的一面。故选C。12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次又一次，她对服务的奉献精神打开了心扉。A. sacrifice 牺牲；B. devotion 奉献；C. response回应；D. addiction 上瘾。根据上下文可知，她很热衷于做志愿者服务。故选B。13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，实际上，他们其中一个奇妙经历来自教一个寄宿生，一个来自德国的名叫延斯的学生，关于美国人如何做志愿者的事情。A. teaching教；B. reminding

40、提醒；C. questioning质问；D. warning 警告。根据空格后“one hosted student”以及“about how Americans volunteer”可知，这里指教寄宿学生关于美国人如何做志愿者的事情。故选A。14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役一年，做志愿者服务是异常的。A. required要求；B. advised建议；C. determined 决定；D. considered 考虑。根据空格后“serving in the army”可知，服兵役是强制要求的。故选A。15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役一

41、年，做志愿者服务是异常的。A. compulsory义务的；B. widespread广泛传播的；C. valid 有效的；D. unusual 异常的，稀有的。根据上半句可知，在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役，所以做志愿者是异常的。故选D。16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：延斯被给予的理念深深吸引，所以他加入了中介公司来帮助推动交流并且他密切联系当地学校。A. frightened 害怕；B. relieved 放松；C. attracted 吸引；D. challenged 挑战。根据后半句可知，他被这一理念深深吸引。故选C。17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：延斯被给予的理念深深吸引，所以他加入了中

42、介公司来帮助推动交流并且他密切联系当地学校。A. founded 建立；B. inspired鼓舞，激励；C. joined参加；D. permitted允许。根据下文“became very involved with local schools”可知，他加入了中介公司一起推动交流项目。故选C。18. 考查介词和固定搭配辨析。句意：就像所有国际交流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：打开我们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A. Except 除了，B. Like就像C. Rather than 而不是；D. Regardless of 不管不顾。根据文章可知，这个故事只是所有交流故事中的一

43、个，但跟其他的故事一样，都有一个共同的教训。故选B。19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像所有国际交流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：打开我们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A. difference 不同；B. anecdote 趣闻，轶事；C. amusement 娱乐；D. lesson 课程，教训。根据下文“Opening our hearts and_20_is something we can all do.”可知，这是一个总结的经验教训。故选D。20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像所有国际交流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：打开我们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A.

44、minds思想；B. homes 家园；C. eyes 眼睛；D. schools 学校。根据上文“Scott and her husband_8_volunteered to be a host family in August 2003.(斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份)可知，这里是指给寄宿学生提供家园住所。故选B。3、A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanut

45、s inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it 3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed

46、 the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the monkey always ignored his 7 . Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8 but without necessarily achieving 9 result.Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on