专题13 定语从句-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx

《专题13 定语从句-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题13 定语从句-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题13定语从句考点题型 技巧考向分析考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分定语从句；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。复习建议一、关系代词引导的定语从句；二、关系副词引导的定语从句；三、“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句；四、as引导的定语从句；考点导航考点01关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代

2、词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。2whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”来代替。3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few,

3、 little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。 (2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, .，the last修饰时。(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。5在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前

4、时，只能用which。考点02关系副词引导的定语从句当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which；来源:Z&xx&k.Comwhy表原因的介词(如for)which。1关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词

5、。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which；why表原因的介词(如for)which。xkw2way和time后接定语从句的情况。(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。如：考点03“

6、介词which/whom”引导的定语从掌握“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：1关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：2介词的位置介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。3关系代词前介词的确定(1) 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定(2)根据先行词来确定。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。4“名词/代词介词关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largestofwhich/whom”等。5 “复

7、合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。6“介词which/whom不定式”结构考点04as引导的定语从句1as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。注意：such.as.与such.that.的区别such.as.中的as引导的是定语从句，而such.that.中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。(从句是完整的句子，前面的that只

8、起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。2关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：(2)意义不同as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well knownas is known to all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；as

9、has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：(3)用法不同【题型分析】1.Children, in my opinion,_creative ability is unbelievably rich, should be trained in that area.AwhichBwhatCwhoDwhose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在我看来，孩子们的创造能力丰富得令人难以置信，应该在这个领域进行训

10、练。A. which先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；C. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；D. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构，结合句意可知，“_creative ability is unbelievably rich”在名词Children后面作修饰成分，是非限制性定语从句，又因先行词Children和creative ability之间是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，用whose引导该从句。故选D。2.There are nearly one hundred foreign students in

11、 our university, most of_ are from America and Australia.AwhichBthemCwhomDthose【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们大学有将近一百名外国学生，大部分来自美国和澳大利亚。分析句子。逗号及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为foreign students，结合设空前介词of，可知，先行词在从句中作介词的宾语，根据“介词+关系代词”的用法，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，故选C。3.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mista

12、kes _ we can learn without repeating them.Afrom whichBin whichCwith whomDfor whom【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。4.He has been busy wi

13、th his work the whole day, _ has made his girlfriend unhappy.AwhichBitCthatDwhat【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他整天忙于工作，这使他女朋友很不高兴。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是句子He has been busy with his work the whole day，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选A项。5.At last we found a path leading to the top of the mountain,_ we saw a be

14、autiful sunrise.Ain whereBin whichCwhichDfrom where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最后我们找到了一条通往山顶的路，在那里我们看到了美丽的日出。分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，where代表the top of the mountain这个地方，from where=from the top of the mountain，需要注意的是which只能代表the mountain，故选D。6.The Voice of China set up a big stage _ those people with a talent for mu

15、sic could stand out and realize their dreams.AwhenBwhereCwhatDwhich【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国好声音搭建了一个巨大的舞台，让那些有音乐天赋的人脱颖而出，实现他们的梦想。句中先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B。1.They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【答案】masters【解析】who / that此处用who或that引

16、导定语从句修饰先行词masters。2.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that / which【解析】根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少引导定语从句的关系代词。先行词是a piece of cloth，为物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用that或者which。3.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 m

17、inutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【答案】that / which【解析】that / which 此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。4.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil testing program _ gives specific fertilizer rec

18、ommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】that / which【解析】根据语境“ gives s specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”修饰 “a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。5.Im not sure _ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly a

19、ppears out of nowhere. 【答案】which【解析】【名词性从句 / 连接词】根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。6.Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 【答案】who / that【解析】此处缺引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，故用who或tha

20、t。假定你是李华。你在国际学校就读的好友Tom想了解你校下周六将进行的劳动课。请你给他写 一封电子邮件，内容如下：1.介绍劳动课的内容；2.邀请参加；3.提醒相关事项。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear Tom,How is it going? Im delighted to tell you a labor class is scheduled at 8:00 next Saturday morning in our school.The labor class aims to improve students skills in life,

21、 which has many interesting activities, including planting trees or flowers, raising chicks and helping do some cleaning. Therefore, I would very much like to invite you to join us in it. If you do, please take some necessary working tools, such as brooms and gloves. Besides, dont forget to arrive a

22、t our school on time.Looking forward to your coming!Yours,Li Hua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Tom写封信，介绍下周六学校将进行的劳动课。1.词汇积累提高：improveenhance有（涉及）：hasinvolves帮助：helpassist此外：besidesadditionally2.句式拓展简单句改为复合句原句：The labor class aims to improve students skills in life. Therefore, I would very much like to invite

23、you to join us in it.拓展句：The labor class aims to improve students skills in life so that I would very much like to invite you to join us in it. 【点睛】高分句型1 Im delighted to tell you a labor class is scheduled at 8:00 next Saturday morning in our school. (运用了宾语从句）高分句型2 The labor class aims to improve st

24、udents skills in life, which has many interesting activities, including planting trees or flowers, raising chicks and helping do some cleaning. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和including结构)检测训练、单项选择1Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.AwhomBwhoseCasDwhere【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂

25、，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。根据句意可知，设空处指代前文的St. Pauls Church，所以设空所在句是一个定语从句，St. Pauls Church是先行词；分析定语从句成分可知，you作主语，hear作谓语，some lovely music作宾语，可知设空处作状语，所以此处应用关系副词；先行词 St. Pauls Church表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以此处应用表示地点的关系副词where引导。故选D项。2.There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, _ I like the Ancient Cultural

26、 Street best.AwhichBwhereCamong themDamong which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：天津有很多景点，其中我最喜欢的是古文化街。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词attractions，表示“在那些景点之中”，用介词among，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which，所以用among which引导。故选D项。3.After a 57-day hiking, the explorers finally reached a place, _ they believed was the South Pole.Awhic

27、hBwhereCthatDas【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：经过57天的徒步旅行，探险者们终于到达了一个地方，他们认为那就是南极。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，they believed是插入语，且先行词为place，指物，所以应用关系代词which。故选A。4.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhy【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。在

28、定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为activities，为抽象地点，所以应用关系副词where。故选B。5.I think youve got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise youll fail.AwhenBwhereCthatDwhich【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我认为你已经到了需要改变的地步，否则你会失败的。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰的先行词为地点名词the point，且引导词在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B项。6.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel

29、Prize, _ is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhere【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖，这被认为是一个人能获得的最高国际荣誉之一。此处the Nobel Prize是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，定语从句由which引导。故选C。7.There are hundreds of scenes in English novels _ characters walk through a la

30、ndscape of fallen leaves, which mirrors their feelings.AthatBwhereCwhichDwhen【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在英国小说中，有数百个场景，人物在落叶中穿行，这反映了他们的感受。根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为“scenes”，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选B项。8.He often goes to school by bike, _ helps him keep fit.AwhereBwhichCwhenDthat【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他经常

31、骑自行车上学，这有助于他保持健康。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选B。9.Here are four experiments we have to finish before June 6th, _ two should be done in the wild.Aof whichBwhoseCin whichDthat【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这里有4个实验需要在6月6日前完成，其中2个需要在野外完成。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词是four experim

32、ents，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，还原定语从句是：of four experiments two should be done in the wild.表示“四个实验中的两个”，指物，故用关系代词which。故选A。10.I place those photos taken with my friends _ I can see them every day so that it could remind me of those beautiful days.AwhatBthatCwhenDwhere【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。句意：我把和朋友一起拍的照片放在我每天都能看到的地方，这

33、样我就能想起那些美妙的日子。place sth. 地点状语，此处的状语是从句形式，因此为地点状语从句，故选D。11.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.AwhereBwhichCthatDwhen【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表

34、，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。12.He may have missed the train, _ he wont arrive in another hour.Ain which caseBin that caseCunder which conditionDon that occasion【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他可能误了火车，如果那样的话，他再过一个小时就到不了了。in which case用于引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and in that case，意为“如果那样的话”，符合句意。故选A项。、语法填空1Gr

35、anddaughter Gayle Parks, 31_ works alongside her in the family business said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：31岁的孙女盖尔帕克斯与艾琳一起在家族生意工作。她说，谁提名艾琳获得这一奖项，目前还不得而知。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Gayle Parks”，为人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。2.The Crescent Spring,

36、 _beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise for visitors.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：月牙泉吸引了海内外游客，成为游客的浪漫天堂。分析句子可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Crescent Spring，在从句中作beauty的定语，指“月牙泉的美”，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。3.The sample, _ includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is la

37、rger than previous ones.【答案】which【解析】考查关系代词。句意：该样本包含1,700克月球岩石和土壤，比以前的样本大。分析句子结构可知，该处是非限制性定语，指代主语the sample，所以是which在从句中作主语。故填which。4.It marked the successful conclusion of Chinas current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, _ began in 2004.【答案】whi

38、ch【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Chinas current three-step lunar exploration program，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。5.The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, _ are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds even outside the reserve.【答案】

39、who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：保护区内野生鸟类数量的增加给观鸟者带来了好处，他们甚至可以在保护区外看到东方鹳和其他野生鸟类。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为birdwatchers，所以用关系代词who。故填who。6.As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, _ can cause colds or coughs.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。这里为非限定性定语从句，用which指代前面的事情。句意：

40、随着天气变暖，天气比较干，人们很容易口干舌燥，容易因此患上感冒或咳嗽。故填which。7.Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, _in turn can lower joint pain and help to protect us from injury.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：练习瑜伽或太极可以帮助我们的身体保持柔韧，这反过来可以减少关节疼痛，帮助保护我们免受伤害。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，先行词是前面一整句话，所以应用which。故填which。8.The 2020 Summe

41、r Olympics, _ were planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until 2021 because of COVID-19.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：原定于今年夏天在东京举办的2020年夏季奥运会，由于新冠肺炎疫情，已被正式推迟至2021年。分析可知，非限定性定语从句部分缺主语，先行词是前文的“The 2020 Summer Olympics”，所以此处需用关系代词which。综上，故填which。9.In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal

42、at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia, _is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and promote career of youth.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：2019年8月

43、，在俄罗斯喀山举行的第45届世界技能大赛电子类比赛中，梁获得金奖，该赛事是世界技能国际组织每两年举办一次的全球最大的职业教育和技能精品赛事，旨在展示青少年的技能和促进职业发展。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词World Skills Competition in Electronics，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。10.The most famous of these is the Great Red Spot, _ is so big that Earth could fit inside it.【答案】whic

44、h【解析】考查定语从句。句意：其中最著名的是Great Red Spot，它大得可以容纳下地球。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Great Red Spot，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。11.While flying through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu zheng, _ is a traditional Chinese musical instrument.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当它在风中飞的时候，会

45、发出像古筝一样的声音，古筝是一种传统的中国乐器。空格前有逗号，且空格后句子缺少主语，所以本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为gu zheng，表物，故填which。12.The valley including a museum claims to be the only place _visitors can safely observe wild Asian elephants.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个山谷包括一个博物馆，声称是唯一一个游客可以安全观察野生亚洲象的地方。分析句子可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词the only place在从句中做状语，所以要用关系副

46、词where。故填where。、短文填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Its never been so important to spend time outside,1thats because its the only place to experience different scenes or for the mental and physical good provided by fresh air and exercise. Its not always easy to be2(motivate), which, however, is where nature collecting can help.Start by looking3(closely) at the flowers in your garden or trees on your street than ever before. How many species or unusual features can you spot? Pick up a fallen leaf or examine a pretty flower. Allow yourself time4(stop), breathe, switch on