专题21阅读理解之词义猜测题-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx

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1、专题21阅读理解之词义猜测考点题型 技巧考向分析1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。考点导航考点01构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, s

2、ee , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能的，可的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。考点02利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。考点03利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已

3、知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。考点04利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。考点05利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以

4、定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。考点06根据语义转折猜词有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。考点07利用经验和常识猜词词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上

5、下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。【题型分析】Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”

6、70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .A. value B. result C. performance D. connection【答案】B【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。Fermats Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seve

7、nteenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65. Which of the following best explain

8、s the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit peoples imagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一

9、信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A. A party designed by specialists.B. A plan requiring c

10、areful thought.C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D. A demand made by guests.【答案】C【解析】根据前句的否定doesnt与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been

11、 a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former pri

12、soner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. I

13、m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We cant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably me

14、an？A. End ones struggle for liberty.B. Waste ones energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。52.D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fi

15、xed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。检测训练1、As a classic love movie of the twentieth century, Titanic makes one scene a long-lasting cinematic shot: Jack let go of his hand and sank in the icy seawate

16、r, leaving the chance of living to his lover Rose, who finally survived on a wooden door debris (残骸).More than 100 years since the disastrous event and more than two decades after the earliest release of the movie Titanic, there have been many “door theories”. Audiences debate heatedly over whether

17、or not Jack and Rose could have both fit onto the wooden debris and survived. So, was there room for Jack?In a TV program, hosts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an exact replica (复制品) of the wooden piece from the movie, and the two proved that if they had tied Roses life jacket to the bo

18、ttom of the door to strengthen its buoyancy ( 浮 力 ), they would have managed to stay afloat.However, their conclusion was debunked when director Cameron said that the freezing water and Jacks high temperature would have made the life jacket solution impossible. He also said that the debate is beyond

19、 the point the movie was trying to make, which is focused on the tragic love story of Jack and Rose, not physics.The largest debris recovered from the real Titanic is now displayed in the Maritime Museum. The museums website states that a replica was once built for the movie based on the museums Tit

20、anic collection which was known as the “door” used in the death scene. Unfortunately, the size of the debris coupled with the weight of Rose on top could work, but not if Jacks additional weight was added to it.In a word, science has proven that Jack didnt die for nothing and did indeed sacrifice hi

21、mself to save the love of his life.1. Whats the purpose of paragraph 1?A. To lead into the topic.B. To introduce a movie.C. To raise a question.D. To highlight characters.2. What is the conclusion of Jamie and Adam based on?A. The development of the plot.B. A physics experiment.C. The theme of the m

22、ovie.D. A heated debate.3. What does the underlined word “debunked” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Confirmed.B. Opposed.C. Approved.D. Concerned.4. We can infer that the movies ending is .A. unrealisticB. confusingC. reasonableD. surprising【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影泰坦尼克号最早上映20多年后，出现了许多“门理论”

23、，认为杰克可以活下来，而科学已经证明电影的结局是合理的。1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a classic love movie of the twentieth century, Titanic makes one scene a long-lasting cinematic shot: Jack let go of his hand and sank in the icy seawater, leaving the chance of living to his lover Rose, who finally survived on a wooden door debris (残骸

24、).(泰坦尼克号是一部20世纪的经典爱情电影，其中的一个场景是一个持久的电影镜头：杰克松开手，沉入冰冷的海水中，给他的爱人罗斯留下了生存的机会，罗斯最终在木门残骸上幸存下来。)”及下文对此场景的讨论可推断，本段的目的是引出话题。故选A。2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a TV program, hosts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an exact replica (复制品) of the wooden piece from the movie, and the two proved that if they had tie

25、d Roses life jacket to the bottom of the door to strengthen its buoyancy ( 浮 力 ), they would have managed to stay afloat. (在一个电视节目，主持人杰米和亚当甚至做了一个实验用的一个木制的复制品的电影，和两个证明，如果他们把罗斯的救生衣绑在门的底部以加强它的浮力，他们会设法保持漂浮。)”可知，杰米和亚当的结论是基于他们所做的物理实验。故选B。3. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“when director Cameron said that the freezing water

26、 and Jacks high temperature would have made the life jacket solution impossible. (因为卡梅隆导演说冰冻的水和杰克的高温不可能让救生衣解决问题。)”可知，杰米和亚当的结论被推翻了。所以debunked为“ 揭穿真相，暴露，推翻”之意。oppose“反对”是近义词，故选B。4. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Unfortunately, the size of the debris coupled with the weight of Rose on top could work, but not if Jacks

27、 additional weight was added to it. (不幸的是，碎片的大小加上罗斯在上面的重量可能会起作用，但如果加上杰克的额外重量就不行了。)”可推断，这部电影的结局合理的。故选C。2、Last year, I went through every high school seniors nightmare: I was refused from all the colleges I applied to. Its not that I was a bad student. I had a narrow vision, applying only to some key

28、schools. So when I got refused, I got into a panic. I thought there was only one path to success, and I wasnt on it. While all my friends were picking out twin extra-long sheets, I was left wondering what kind of future I could have.When my panic faded, I signed in the community college. I wasnt exc

29、ited. I imagined community college classrooms with incompetent teachers that taught their students to sleep. I was so wrong. My art history professor was so poetic, and her lectures felt spoken word. My classmates were intelligent and came from all walks of life still figuring things out like me.I d

30、ecided to give myself a year of experiment. Aside from general education, I took a range of classes. I know it seems like a random kind of classes, but it allowed me to know what I like and dont like. I used to have this idea that I had to rush in order to achieve a certain level of success by a cer

31、tain age, but a year of community college has taught me to slow down, and to recognize that things take time to adjust. I still hope to transfer to a four-year university next year, but Ill be going about it as a more mature person.Being around students from all walks of life has made me realize tha

32、t Im not late in the game at all. Theres more than one way to get where you want to be.9. What caused the authors “high school seniors nightmare”?A. He was rejected by the colleges he applied to.B. He didnt do well in some subjects at school.C. He only took some key schools into consideration.D. He

33、got confused about which school to apply to.10. What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 1?A. The authors friends have extra sheets.B. The future for the authors friends is clear.C. The way to success is long for the authors friends.D. The authors friends have many choices.11. Why was the aut

34、hor unhappy in the community college at first?A. His art history professor was extremely expressive.B. He didnt like studying with students from all walks of life.C. He thought the teachers in the community college had poor ability.D. He learned students in the community college always slept in clas

35、s.12. What did the author learn from his experience in the community college?A. Theres no need to hurry to achieve certain success.B. A year of experiment is not worthwhile for him at all.C. The way to success is to transfer to a four-year university.D. Its a waste of time being around students from

36、 all walks of life.【答案】9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在被申请的所有大学拒绝后，选择就读社区大学。在那儿作者接触到来自各行各业的人及老师后，改变了他之前的想法，从而深刻的体会到：一个人若想实现梦想，其实不只有一种方法。9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I had a narrow vision, applying only to some key schools. So when I got refused, I got into a panic. I thought there was only one path t

37、o success, and I wasnt on it. (我的眼光很狭隘，只申请了一些重点学校。所以当我被拒绝时，我陷入了恐慌。我以为成功只有一条路，但我没有走)”可知，他只考虑了一些重点学校，就造成了作者的“高中生噩梦”。故选C。10. 词句猜猜题。根据划线部分所在句“While all my friends were picking out twin extra-long sheets, I was left wondering what kind of future I could have.(当我所有的朋友都在挑选超长的纸张（录取通知）的时候，我却在想我的未来会是怎样的)”可知，划

38、线部分意为作者的朋友有很多其他的选择。故选D。11. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I thought community college classrooms with incompetent teachers that taught their students to sleep.(我以为社区大学的教室里有不称职的老师教他们的学生睡觉)”可知，作者起初对社区大学很不满意，因为他认为社区大学的教师能力很差。故选C。12. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I used to have this idea that I had to rush in order to achieve a certa

39、in level of success by a certain age, but a year of community college has taught me to slow down, and to recognize that things take time to adjust. I still hope to transfer to a four-year university next year, but Ill be going about it as a more mature person.(我曾经有这样的想法，为了在某个年龄达到一定的成功水平，我必须匆忙，但一年的社区

40、大学教会我放慢脚步，认识到事情需要时间来调整。我仍然希望明年能转到四年制大学，但我会以一个更成熟的人的身份去做)”可知，作者从他在社区大学的经历中了解到没有必要急于取得一定的成功。故选A。3、When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, the listeners react wildly. Some pull his hair or jump on his piano. Others steal his music. The behavior is normal, however, because

41、 these crowds are truly wildwild monkeys to be exact.Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona virus(COVID-19) crisis.The disease has caused problems for the monkeys,

42、too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them.The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethovens Fur Elise and Michael Nymans Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up his body and

43、touch his head. But, Barton keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument. Other monkeys take control of his music papers. “I was glad and surprised to find that they were actually eating the music as I was playing it.”The monkeys are Bartons la

44、test animal fans. Past wildlife audience included elephants living in special protected areas. Barton hopes to raise peoples awareness of the monkeys hunger. At the same time, he hopes to study their behavior as they react to classical music.“Come together and dont let the pandemic stop the wild mon

45、keys getting good nutritious food. We need to make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer,” said 59 -year-old Barton.17. Why does the musician play to the wild monkeys?A. To see the wild animals just being themselves.B. To study their behavior a

46、s they react to pop music.C. To raise money for the wild monkeys hunger.D. To help calm them during COVID -19 crisis.18. What kind of music docs the musician play?A. Contemporary music.B. Classical music.C. Country music.D. Popular music.19. What docs the underlined phrase “eating the music in Parag

47、raph 4 refer to ?A. Stealing his music papers.B. Eating his music papers.C. Disturbing his performance.D. Enjoying his playing20. What can we infer from the text?A. Wild monkeys like to play with the musician.B. People will start to protect the wild monkeys.C. The COVID-19 has damaged much to the wo

48、rld.D. Music can make the wild animals more active.【答案】17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。英国音乐家Paul Barton最近在泰国中部演出，希望能缓解新冠病毒危机带给动物的压力，带来了很好的反响。17. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona virus(COVID-19) crisis.)( Barton经常和Lopburi的动物们玩耍，Lopburi是一个以野生猴子群而闻名的地区。这位钢琴家希望音乐表演能在冠状病毒疫情期间给动物带来平静)”可知，音乐家对着野生猴子演奏是为了帮助他们在新冠肺炎疫情期