专题15 语法填空（教师版）.docx

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1、专题15 语法填空1.（2023年新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, _36_ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot

2、. To eat one, you have to decide whether _37_ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), _38_ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the _39_ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians

3、 will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long haos birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _40_ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing th

4、em _41_ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of _42_ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with _43_ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _44_ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am alw

5、ays left _45_ (want) more next time.【答案】36. tasty 37. to bite 38. or 39. recognized 40. by 41. to be lifted 42. their 43. a 44. rarely 45. wanting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填

6、tasty。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。【38题详解】考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether.or. “是还是”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词hom

7、e前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lif

8、t out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。【42题详解】考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸

9、笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。2.（2023年新高考II卷）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the B

10、erlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teachthe animals? Since June 2017, right before the _36_ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable a

11、nd _37_ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English _38_? Not the pandas, even though _39_ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _40_ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the

12、pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give _41_ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is _42_ they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? _43_ (basic), how to describe a pandas life. Its been an honor to watch the panda programme deve

13、lop _44_ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I _45_ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, Im living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.【答案】36. arrival 37. confident 38. with 39. the 40. visiting 41. interviews 42. why 43

14、. Basically 44. and 45. wished【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。37题详解】考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和

15、前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意“与某人交谈”。故填with。【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫

16、。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。【41题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。【42题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填

17、why。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。【44题详解】考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。【45题详解】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名

18、动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。3.（2023年浙江卷1月）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。During Chinas dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57 (original)meaning “water

19、well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of

20、 these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smal

21、ler in scale and 62 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijings long history 63 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64 (event)

22、. In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots Beijingers.【答案】56 and 57originally 58surrounded 59were permitted 60featured 61spacious 62simpler 63as 64events 65The【原文

23、】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。56.考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。57考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。58考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surrou

24、nd之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。59考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。60考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。61考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大

25、的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。62考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。63考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。64考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些

26、还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。65考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。1.（2022年新高考1卷)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set

27、 up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). _1_ (cover)an area about three times _2_ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _3_ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of t

28、he existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _4_ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _5_ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity

29、and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, _6_ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _7_ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and _8_ (eve

30、ntual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve _9_ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _10_ live wit

31、hin the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.【答案】1. Covering 2. the 3. were 4. to increase 5. is designed 6. and 7. populations 8. eventually 9. as 10. that【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分

32、析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。【2题详解】考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。【3题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a sig

33、nificant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。【5题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙

34、后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。【7题详解】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的

35、复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。【8题详解】考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。【9题详解】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词a

36、s。故填as。【10题详解】考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。2.（2022年新高考II卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging fro

37、m a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _36_ (fall) child. Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say hell be OK. _37_ Brown family live

38、in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell _38_ (sleep) while watching TV. Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up _39

39、_ (see) them. When he looked down, he _40_ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes _41_ screamed for his father, but his father didnt hear him. Henry _42_ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _43_ (

40、throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. He saved my _44_ (son) life, said Mrs. Brown. I dont know _45_ to thank him.”I just didnt want the boy to be hurt, said Henry.【答案】36 falling37The38asleep39to see40accidentally41and42was fixing43threw44sons45How【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公

41、寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。36.考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。37考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，

42、首字母应该大写。故填The。38考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。39考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。40考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑

43、了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。41考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。42考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发

44、生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。43考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。44考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sons。45考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾

45、语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。3.（2022年1月浙江卷）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _31_ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences,

46、lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _32_（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others _33_ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and _34_（change） their personal behavior

47、 to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _35_（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _36_ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak _37_ she could do so remotely; about three