英语通用五级语法宝典.docx

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1、剑桥通用五级 KP 语法宝典 1 目录2比较级和最高级-K&P1频率、时间和地点的状语短语-K&P1冠词-K&P1WOULD LIKE-K&P1动名词和不定式-K&P1一般将来时-K&P1一般现在时-K&P1祈使句-K&P1现在进行时-K&P1一般过去时-K&P1现在完成时-K&P1过去完成时-K&P1过去将来时-P1过去进行时-K&P1连词-K&P1代词-K&P1介词-K&P1数词-K&P1THERE BE 句型-K&P1宾语从句-K&P1定语从句-K&P1条件状语从句-K&P1反义疑问句-K&P1表语从句-P1被动语态-K&P1副词-K&P1HOW-K&P1常见动词短语-K&P1将来完成时

2、-P1过去完成进行时-P1WISH / IF ONLY-K&P1 比较级和最高级-K&PMark is not as tall as Roy. Roy is taller than Mark.Evan is much taller than Mark. Evan is a little taller than Roy.Mark is the shortest boy of the three.n 比较级和最高级的构成单音节和部分双音节构成原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er, -estgreatfastgreaterfastergreatestfastest以字母e 结尾只加-r, -stnic

3、ewidenicerwidernicestwidest以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写尾字母再加-er, -esthotfathotterfattesthottestfattest以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，将 y变为i，再加-er, -esthappylazyhappierlazierhappiestlaziest部分双音节和多音节构成原级比较级最高级加 more 或 mostdifficultdifficultlymore/less difficultmore/less difficultlymost/least difficultmost/least difficultly不规则比较级和最

4、高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新旧/年龄）elder（兄弟姐妹长幼关系）oldest/eldestfarfarther（距离：更远）further（程度：进一步）farthest/furthestn 原级的两种结构名称结构意思注意同级比较（肯定）asas与一样中间加形容词或副词的原级同级比较（否定）not so/asas不如，不像n 比较级的结构剑桥通用五级 KP 语法宝典 35 名称结构意思注意递增比较级more/-er + than比更more 与

5、er 不共存-er and -er越来越单音节和部分双音节more and more +原级部分双音节和多音节递减比较级less + adj./adv. +than比更不less+形容词原级n 最高级的结构名称结构意思注意最高级the+ -est最单音节和部分双音节the most +原级最部分双音节和多音节the least +原级最不.部分双音节和多音节n 各种比较级之间可以如何转换呢？Mark is not as tall as Evan.=Evan is not as short as Mark.= Mark is shorter than Evan.= Evan is taller

6、than Mark.= Mark is less tall than Evan.= Evan is less short than Mark.n 比较级和最高级之间可以如何转换Evan is taller than any (other) boy of the three.=Evan is taller than the other boys of the three.35=Evan is the tallest of the three.单项选择题。1. Travelling by air may be, but not so.A. quicker, cheaperB. more quick

7、ly, cheapC. quicker, cheapD. more quickly, cheaper2. Which is, English or Chinese?A. interestingB. interestingerC. more interestingD. most interesting3. I think science isforeign languages.A. more difficult asB. as difficult asC. very difficult thanD. much difficult than答案1. C2. C3. B 频率、时间和地点的状语短语-

8、K&P状语短语是一组总是在一起的词。它们描述某事发生的地点、时间或频率。1. 频率状语短语描述某事发生的频率，常见的短语如下：every morning, every afternoon, every day, every month, every Sunday on Sundays on Sunday afternoonsonce a day, twice a daythree / four / five times a day all the time例句：I have toast for breakfast every day.We visit our grandparents twic

9、e a month.2. 使用时间副词和副词短语来谈论何时做某事，常见的副词/短语如下：today, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday, tomorrow, nowadays now, first of all, beforehandsoon, afterwards, later, next, then例句：Tomorrow, Im going to the beach. Im going to the beach tomorrow.3. 使用地点副词和副词短语来谈论某事发生的地方，常见的副词/短语如下：outside, inside, indoors, upstair

10、s, downstairs (over) here, (over) thereabroad, overseas例句：Lets go indoors. （通常跟在动词后）Rachel works in the office upstairs.（通常跟在宾语后）1. We every day go the park. (句子改错)2. John goes swimming every days. (句子改错)答案 冠词-K&Pn 冠词的定义冠词本身不能单独使用，须和名词一起使用，在名词前面帮助指明名词的含义。n 冠词的分类I have a dog. I like playing football

11、with the dog.（不定冠词）（零冠词）（定冠词）n 不定冠词1. 概念：不定冠词 a/an 与数词 one 同源，后接可数名词单数。表示“一” 的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。2. 可数名词单数前，用 a 或 an 要取决于词首字母的读音是元音音素如果名词首字母的读音是元音音素，使用不定冠词 an（一般读作n）。an appleplan ice creamasan orangerndan honest boynstan umbrellambrelan houra(r)如果名词首字母的读音是辅音音素，使用不定冠词 a（一般读作 ）。a friendfrenda Euro

12、peanjrpi:na universityju:nv:sta one-eyed monsterwnada uniformju:nf:ma useful bookju:sfln 零冠词1. 概念：零冠词即名词前不加冠词a/an/the。2. 零冠词的常见用法节学三餐饭如： 节日（中国传统节日除外）：Today is New Years Day. 学科：My favourite subject is Chinese. 早餐/午餐/晚餐：My parents will have dinner outside tonight.年月星季换如：年份：I was born in 1999.月份：May i

13、s my favourite month.星期：Sunday is the first day of a week.季节：Leaves turn yellow in autumn.球人地国简如：球类运动： play football.人名：Mike is in the same class with me.地名：London is the capital of England.国家简称：China is not very far away from America.（China 是the Peoples Republic of China 的简称，America 是 the United St

14、ates 的简称）班年棋牌前如：班级、年级：Linda is in Class Two, Grade Six.棋类、牌类Lily and Lucy often play chess on Sundays and play cards on Saturdays.4. 零冠词口诀节学三餐饭年月星季换球人地国简班年棋牌前n 定冠词1. 概念： 特指：表示某个或某些、某类特定的人或事物。 重提：特指上文提到过的人或事物。2. 用法： 表示世界上独一无二的事物。the sun 太阳, the moon 月亮, the earth 地球, the universe 宇宙, 序数词前通常要用定冠词，表示顺序

15、。 用在形容词最高级前。 用于西洋乐器名词前play the pianoguitarviolin弹钢琴/弹吉他/拉小提琴 整十年份+s：表示某个世纪中的“十年代”。如：The war broke out in the 1880s. 用于姓氏的复数之前，表示“某某家人”或“某某夫妇”。We all like the Smiths. 含the 的某些习惯用语和固定搭配，如： 方位：on the left/right 在左/右边in the east/west 在东/西方时间：in the past 在过去in the future在未来 用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、国家全名、地名等专有名词前

16、。如：the Indian Ocean 印度洋the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国定冠词“the”口诀特指 重提 与 唯一，岛屿 河流 与 群山。方位 顺序 最高级，乐器 年代 与 固搭。姓氏复数 国全名，请你记住用定冠。the United States 美利坚合众国单项选择。1. Sally iseight-year-old girl, and shes very lovely.A. aB. anC. theD. 不填2. I hadheadache and stayed inbed for a whole day yesterday.A. a, th

17、eB. the, aC. /, /D. a, /3. Tim, do you havefootball? Lets playfootball together.A. a; aB. an; theC. the; /D. a; /答案1. B2. D3. D would like-K&PId like 是I would like 的缩写，意思是 want,即“想要”，但是 would 更礼貌。可以用在陈述句和疑问句中：Id like a biscuit. 我想要一块饼干。Would you like some tea? 你想要喝茶吗？ Would like 后可以直接跟名词或者 to do 形式：

18、 名词:Would you like a biscuit?动词:Would you like to go to Malaysia?注意 would like （想要）和 like（喜欢）的区别：用like 去谈论我们的长期喜好：I like chocolate cake. Its my favourite food.用 would like 去谈论现在想要的事物，或者是未来想要的事物。Id like a cup of coffee please.Id like to work in a chocolate factory.1. Would you liketo my house for din

19、ner? A comeB to comeC for to come2. Would you like a biscuit? A Yes, please.B I like tea.C Yes, Id.3. My husbandbananas. He eats one every day. A would likeB likesC would eat答案 动名词和不定式-K&Pn 动名词动名词就是动词的ing 形式，用作名词。比如：eating, going, seeing动名词可以用作主语：例句：Smoking is bad for you.吸烟有害健康。动名词用在动词之后：比如：like, h

20、ate, enjoy, quit, suggest, dislike, deny例句：I like cooking. I enjoy fishing.动名词用在介词之后：例句：Im interested in buying a computer. Im scared of walking alone in the dark.n 动名词不定式就是动词的原形，可与 to 搭配使用。比如：(to) eat, (to) go, (to) see.不定式可以用于一些动词后：比如：agree, arrange, ask, promise, decide, afford例句：I agreed to do t

21、he work. I arranged to see the doctor, They decided to get married.不定式可以用于表示做某事的原因：例句：Tony went to the post office to pay a bill.不定式可以用于表形容词之后：例句：I was surprised to see Erica. Im pleased to meet you.某些动词后面接动名词或者不定式，其意思不回发生改变： 比如：start, begin, hate, like, prefer, continueShe started to cry = She star

22、ted crying.I hate watching horror films = I hate to watch horror films.但是有些动词后面接动名词和不定式，其意思不完全不同： 比如：tray, remember, stopI tried to get into the house. (我努力/尽力进入这个房子). I tried climbing through the window. (我尝试爬窗户通过)I stopped cleaning the windows. (我停止下来，不清洁窗户了).I stopped to clean the windows. (我停下来（

23、某件事），然后去清洁窗户).单项选择题。1. Were going to Chicagomy uncle.A. to visitB. for visitC. visit2. I was driving to town when I saw Hannah walking on the pavement, so I stoppedA. giving her a liftB. to give her a lift.C. for give her a lift.3. Im sure thatabroad will make Lisa a lot more independent.A. to liveB

24、. liveC. living答案1. A2. B3. C 一般将来时-K&Pn 一般将来时的概念表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常与 tomorrow，next，in + 一段时间等表示将来的时间状语连用。过去现在将来n 一般将来时的结构1. will 结构（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态）主语be 动词其他Iwill be/wont behere tomorrow.You/We/Theyin Guangzhou soon.He/She/Ittall next year.特殊：There will be There will be a football match tomorrow afte

25、rnoon.2. be going to 结构（表示计划、打算做某事）主语实义动词其他Iam going todance with her.You/We/Theyare going toswim together.He/She/Itis going toleave soon.特殊：There is/are going to beThere is going to be a football match tomorrow.There are going to be two new planes next year.3. shall 结构主语 + shall + 动词原形.shall 的主语必须是

26、第一人称 I/we现在分词的变化规则规则例子一般在词尾加ingread-reading以不发音的字母e 结尾，去掉 e，再加 ingmake-makingdance-dancing以辅元辅结构、重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写尾字母，再加ingput-puttingjog-jogging以 ie 结尾的动词，把 ie 变成y，再加inglie-lyingtie-tyingn 一般将来时的时间状语1. tomorrow 系列：the day after tomorrow2. next 系列：next Wednesday3. soon4. in +时间段：in 3 days5. 相对而言的将来时间。n

27、现在进行时可以表将来This is Bens diary for next week.He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon. He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning.He is having dinner with Kate on Friday.1. 当我们在表达“计划做某事”时，可以用进行时来表将来。Alex is getting married next month.2. 当我们描述马上要做的事情，也可以用进行时来表将来。Tina, are you ready yet? Yes, Im comi

28、ng.单项选择题。1. She willa magazine about animals after school.A. buysB. buyC. is buyingD. going to buy2. My brotherfree tomorrow.A. will isB. isC. will beD. is being3. Hevisit Beijing with his classmates next week.A. will beB. are going toC. going toD. is going to答案1. B2. C3. D 一般现在时-K&PAlex is a bus dr

29、iver, but now he is in bed asleep. He is not driving a bus.He is asleep.But he drives a bus. He is a bus driver.n 一般现在时的用法1. 一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常跟频率副词连用，按频率由高到底排列为：always usually often sometimes seldom never总是常常经常有时很少从来不更多的频率副词：every morning/night/evening/day/week/year 每个早上/晚上/傍晚/天/周/年once/twice/thre

30、e times a week 每周一/二/三次2. 表示现在的状态。例：Sam is a student. Sam 是一个学生。（表示 Sam 现在的身份是一个学生）3. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。例：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。n 一般现在时的基本结构主语be 动词形容词名词Iamgood at swimming.You/We/Theyareeight years old.He/She/Itisalways happy.主语实义动词其它Ilikeswimming.You/We/Theygoto school on foot.He/She/Its

31、ingsa beautiful song.n 一般现在时动词第三人称单数变形规则情况构成方法例词一般情况加 -sstop-stops以o 结尾的词加-esgo-goes以 s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的词加 -eswash-washes以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变y 为i 再加 esstudy-studieshave变have 为 hashave-has句子改错。1. I am like running very much.2. I am come from Guangzhou.3. What time is the bank close today?答案 祈使句-K&P使用祈使形式给出指示

32、、命令和警告。Must 常用于标志和通知中以给出指示。祈使句在给出命令时不需要主语：You wash your hands. =Wash your hands.否定句在句子前面加 Dont ：Dont sit there!1. Which word goes in the space? talk to John, hes busy.A. NotB. NoC. Dont2. Passengerstalk to the driver.A. must notB. shouldC. can 现在进行时-K&PSarah is in her car. She is on her way to work.

33、 She is driving to work.n 现在进行时的用法现在进行时表示现在（指说话人说话时） 正在发生的事情， 与现在进行时连用的时间状语有 now, at the moment, look, listen 等。过去此时此刻将来n 现在进行时的基本结构现在进行时的构成是: 主语+ be (am, is, are) + doing + 其它.主语动词其它.Iam doinghomework now.You/We/Theyare doinghomework now.He/She/Itis doinghomework now.n 现在进行时的时间状语1. 当句子中有now，listen，

34、look, at the moment 时，常表示动作正在进行；例：They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。2. 表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有 this week, these days 等时间状语；例：We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。3. 描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动，此时也常用现在进行时。例：Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝

35、。用括号里的单词的适当形式填空。1. Lets go out. It(not/rain) now.2. Julia is very good at languages. She(speak) four languages very well.3. The River Nile(flow) into the Mediterranean.答案1. isnt raining2. speaks3. flows 一般过去时-K&PWolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to1791

36、. He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when he died.n 一般过去时的概念表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与yesterday, ago, last系列等时间状语连用。过去现在将来n 一般过去时的基本结构主语be动词过去式其他Iwaseight years old last year.You/We/Theywerehappy at the party last night.He/She/Itwas

37、ill two days ago.主语实义动词其他Iwentto the park yesterday.You/We/Theydidnt swimlast night.He/She/Itdidnt knowthe answer this morning.n 一般过去时的动词形式1. 规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加 -edplayed, worked以不发音的e结尾的词加 -dlived, liked以辅音字母加y结尾的词y变i再加 -edcarried, studied以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstopped, planned2. 不规则变化（需

38、要特殊记忆），常见的如下：动词原形过去式动词原形过去式am/iswaseatatearewerehave/hashadreadread /e/buyboughtdodidcatchcaughtdrawdrewfeedfeddrinkdrankfeelfeltdrivedrovefindfoundn 一般过去时的时间标志词1. yesterday 系列：the day before yesterday2. ago 系列：3 days ago3. last 系列：last Wednesday4. just now 刚才5. 其它相对而言的过去时间：in 1994单项选择题。1. Was he at

39、 work?A. nowB. next weekC. next SundayD. yesterday2. Did Roselast Sunday?A. went swimmingB. read a bookC. taking picturesD. finds it3. Tomvery happy last night.A. looksB. isC. wasD. were答案1. D2. B3. C 现在完成时-K&Pn 现在完成时的用法1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响或结果。He has left this city.他已经离开了这座城市。（结果：他不在这座城市了）I have fini

40、shed my homework.我已经完成了作业。（结果：我可以做其他事情了）2. 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在并且有可能会一直持续下去。I have learned English for six years.我已经学习英语六年了。(有可能还会继续学习下去)He has lived here since he was six years old.从他六岁起就一直在这住了。（有可能会一直在这住下去）n 现在完成时的结构句子结构举例肯定句：主语have/has +done（过去分词）+其他 I have lived here for tenyears.否定句：主语have/has+ not

41、+ done（过去分词）+ 其他 I havent finished mywork yet.一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 +done （过去分词）+其他 ?肯定回答：Yes,主语have/has.否定回答：No,主语have/has not.-Have you ever been to America?-Yes, I have.- No, I havent.n 动词过去分词变化规则1. 规则变化变化规律原形过去分词一般情况下加-edplayworkplayedworked以e 结尾的词加-dlivelikelivedliked以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，改 y 变i 再加- edcarrystudycarriedstudied以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplanned2. 不规则变化动词原形过去式过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词am/iswasbeenbringbroughtbrought