高二英语高二英语暑假Unit 3 Part 2阅读理解体裁——说明文（教师版）.pdf

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1、Unit 3 XXXX 1 1 Part Three Reading Comprehension 目标层级图 掌握阅读理解说明文体裁相关内容 LV.6 综合 LV.5掌握阅读理解描述事实类、调查研究类和新生事物类说明文特征LV.6掌握阅读理解相关词汇和词性变换高二英语暑假教材2 Unit 3 XXXX 3 3 课中讲解 说明文 所谓说明文，就是指研究自然科学与技术的文章。选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。说明文文体分类 1.描述事实类，介绍具体事物、抽象概念或普遍现象的定义、特征、类别以及发展变化。2.调查研究类，陈述某项调查或研究的过程

2、和结论，并提出相应的指导建议。3.新生事物类，介绍新出现的事物或概念相对于旧事物的优势，以及目前存在的不足。说明文文体特点 1.结构特点：通常在文章首段提出文章说明的对象；2.说明方法，常会用举例、数据、下定义或对比等方法进行事物说明；3.新生事物类文章结构，常为提出新产品工作原理优势介绍未来前景；4.调查研究类文章结构，常为提出最新研究及结论展示研究过程结果分析优势。说明文出题规律 1.若题目考查段落中的例子、数据或定义等内容时，可以围绕段落主旨句来进行解题，因为文中这些方法的运用均是为了证明主旨。2.标题题和文章主旨题的答案通常要含有本文的说明对象或其同义替换的词，否则可排除选项。3.结构

3、题，通常文章中的要点分为 CP（central point）、P（point）、SP（sub-point）、C（conclusion）。解题时需要关注每个段落主旨大意，进行段落功能划分，同时还要关注一段当中是否存在次要点。（次要点常借助逻辑连词来划定）一、描述事实类说明文【典型例题讲解】P1 Sometimes its hard to let go.For many British people,that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their countrys past-age-old castles,splend

4、id homes and red phone boxes.P2 Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards（废品场）,the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback.Adapted in imaginative ways,many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tin

5、y cafes,cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines（除颤器）.P3 The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926.They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott,the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London.After becoming an important part of many British streets,the phon

6、e boxes began disappearing in the 1980s,with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.P4 About that time,Tony Inglis engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out.But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himse

7、lf,with the idea of repairing and selling them.He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.高二英语暑假教材4P5 As Inglis and,later other businessmen,got to work,repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as pe

8、ople found new uses for them.Today,they are once again a familiar sight,playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.P6 In rural areas,where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive,the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.Local organi

9、zations can adopt them for 1 pound and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.P7 Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities.LoveFone,a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them,opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.P8 The

10、tiny shops made economic sense,according to Robert Kerr,a founder of LoveFone.He said that one of the boxes generated around$13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about$400 to rent.P9 Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last.“I like what they are to people,and I

11、 enjoy bringing things back,”he said.1.对文章进行结构框架/段落分析 P1-P3 讲述了电话亭的出现以及消失的原因 P4-P9 电话亭又盛行的原因 2.语料积累 （1）词汇：1)For many British people,that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their countrys past-age-old castles,splendid homes and red phone boxes.apply pla v._ 应用【词性转换 1】Due to widespre

12、ad application of 5G technology,more remote surgical operations are likely to be carried out across long distances.The information you give in the application form is too general.You should focus on something special about yourself.Making your new business successful requires luck,patience and appli

13、cation,so you should work with great attention and effort 变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ application,n.应用；申请；努力；【词性转换 2】Interested applicants,who must be 18 years or older and in good health,can apply for the contest through the Airbnb website.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ applicant,n.申请人 2)Adapted in imaginative ways,many have r

14、eappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes,cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines.Unit 3 XXXX 5 5 adapt dpt v._ 改造，改装【词性转换 1】While Earth is the only planet known to support life,surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets.变形:_ 词性：

15、_ 词义：_ adaptive；adj.适应的【词性转换 2】Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.In the past year,TV adaptations have helped to boost sales of

16、books.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ adaptation,n.适应；改编 3)As Inglis and,later other businessmen,got to work,repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them.repurpose ri:p:ps v._ 改变的用途【词性转换 1】Though without any evidence,the police thought the accident might have been

17、 caused on purpose.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ purpose,n.目的，意图【词性转换 2】A half-hour purposeful walk five times a week will lower your risk of heart disease,diabetes and strokes.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ purposeful,adj.有明确目的的【词性转换 3】Still in shock!I moved around the house purposelessly trying to decide what to put into the su

18、itcases 变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ purposelessly,adv.没有明确目标地【词性转换 3】Its easy to assume that your child is purposely using bad manners,when,in fact,he just needs a lesson or two.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ purposely/purposefully,adv,故意地 4)In rural areas,where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive,the phone box

19、es have taken on a lifesaving role.relatively reltvli adv._ 高二英语暑假教材6相对而言地【词性转换 1】There is a tradition in my family.On New Years Eve,all my relatives will come to our house for a feast.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ relative,n.亲戚【词性转换 2】Experts believe that large numbers of cancer cases in this area are directly re

20、lative to nuclear power station.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ relative,adj.相关的 【词性转换 3】A man is being questioned in relation to the attempted murder last night.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ relation,n.关于【词性转换 4】Our physical health is closely related to our mental health.When children serve others,they learn to relate to someone

21、elses greater need and to care about other people.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ relate,v,有关；理解、共鸣;5)The tiny shops made economic sense,according to Robert Kerr,a founder of LoveFone.founder fand n._ 创办人【词性转换 1】Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ found

22、,v,创办【词性转换 1】70,000 pigeons were released in Tiananmen Square on Oct 1 to mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ founding,n.创立 （2）短语 1)After becoming an important part of many British streets,the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s,with the

23、rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.with the rise of _ Unit 3 XXXX 7 7 随着的崛起【例句】It is a current belief that with the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),many peoples jobs are likely to be lost.2)But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself,with the idea of repa

24、iring and selling them.end up _ 以结束【例句】Determination is the most important of all the virtues because without determination,you will end up doing nothing.Many graduates now end up with a job that is not what they have been trained for.3)In rural areas,where ambulances can take a relatively long time

25、 to arrive,the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.take on _ 承担、呈现、接纳、雇佣【例句 1】Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.【例句 2】Two young men will take on a seven-day challenge to survive in the wild without any food,water or supplies.【例句 3】They are not always

26、willing to take on untrained workers,but theres no harm in asking.3.长难句分析 Today,they are once again a familiar sight,playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose._ _ 语法分析：非谓语 palying 作伴随状语+定语从句 that 引导，修饰 roles+as.as.同级比较 翻译：如今，他们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，在社区扮演着和原来一样重

27、要的角色。4.阅读理解 (1)The phone boxes are making a comeback _.A.to form a beautiful sight of the city B.to improve telecommunications services C.to remind people of a historical period D.to meet the requirement of green economy(2)Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?A.They were n

28、ot well-designed.B.They provided bad services.C.They had too short a history.D.They lost to new technologies.(3)The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of _.A.their new appearance and lower prices B.the push of the local organizations 高二英语暑假教材8C.their changed roles and functions D.the bi

29、g funding of the businessmen 【过关检测】Passage A Susan couldnt help it.She and her friends began lunch with cheese.Then they ate cheeseburgers and drank milk.Things seemed fine,but then suddenly Susans stomach started making noise.Her stomach hurt,and,racing to the restroom,she had terrible gas!She was

30、so ashamed.She had been so excited to go to lunch with her friends that she totally forgot to watch how many dairy products（奶 制 品）she ate!Susan is lactose intolerant（乳糖不耐受的）,and eating too many dairy foods can make her feel really sick.Lactose intolerance means that the body cant easily digest（消化）a

31、special sugar called lactose.Unfortunately for Susan and millions of other people with this problem,lactose is found in almost all dairy products-cheese,milk and ice cream.Our body uses lactase（乳糖酵素）to break lactose into a simpler form of sugar.Once lactose is broken down,its easy to digest and it p

32、rovides great energy for the body.But people like Susan dont have enough lactase to break down all the lactose they take in.So,about half an hour to two hours after eating dairy-rich foods,their stomachs begin to hurt and they have gas,making their stomachs get bigger.Sometimes they even get diarrhe

33、a（腹泻）when they eat too many dairy foods.So how can someone living with this problem still eat out with his or her friends?Here are some tips.If youre going to eat a dairy-rich food like ice cream,eat something that doesnt have any dairy with it,like a salad or a sandwich without cheese.This will hel

34、p slow digestion,and your body will have time to create more lactase.(1)What can cause lactose intolerance？A.A shortage of lactose.B.Eating too little sugar.C.Slow digestion of dairy products.D.Poor digestion of any food you eat.(2)What do we know about lactose？A.It is found in almost all foods.B.It

35、 is very necessary for the body.C.It is hard for some people to break down.D.It changes its form once it is in the body.(3)What is a result of lactose intolerance？A.The headache.B.The stomachache.C.The feeling of hunger.D.The feeling of tiredness.(4)What would be the best advice for Susan？A.Enjoy ea

36、ting dairy-rich foods.B.Avoid eating out with her friends.C.Take digestion pills to speed up digestion.D.Eat dairy-free and diary-rich foods together.Passage B The amount of plastic garbage that flows into the ocean every year is expected to be nearly three times by 2040.No one knows for certain how

37、 much plastic has gathered in the seas.The best guess,made in 2015,was about 150 million tons.Assuming things remain the same,the study estimates that plastic garbage will become 600 million tons by 2040.Though we dont know exactly how much plastic is in the ocean,we do know more about what drives t

38、he growth of plastic waste.Global population growth and the increasing plastic production account for part of it.Per person use is on the rise,especially in developing nations.Finally,cheap raw plastic enables a shift into Unit 3 XXXX 9 9 production of an increasing number of low-value plastic produ

39、cts that are not recyclable,adding to the large number of plastics that go uncollected.“We are at a fork in the road,”says Nicholas Mallos,an environmentalist.“Industry has been saying,Were going to do better.Governments have taken steps.To the world,it is obvious that our current efforts alone will

40、 not be enough.The global track is going in the wrong direction.Clearly,we need a fundamental rethinking of our relationship with this material.”Recycling is one of the most effective means of reducing the use of plastic,but first it has to be collected,and today two billion people lack access to wa

41、ste collection systems.By 2040 that number will double to four billion,mostly in rural areas in middle-and low-income countries.Closing the collection gap and connecting them to a garbage system require connecting 500000 people a day,every day,between now and 2040.That is a promising future and good

42、 luck with that.(1)What pushes the growth of plastic waste？A.Global industry growth.B.Recyclable plastic products.C.The increasing plastic production.D.A population shift in developing nations.(2)What does Nicholas Mallos agree in Paragraph 3？A.Humans are on the road to a fork.B.The global efforts a

43、re effective.C.Industry has played an important role.D.Worldwide measures are not making enough progress.(3)Whats the authors attitude towards plastic recycling？A.Positive.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Worried.(4)Whats the main idea of the text？A.Plastic garbage is flowing into the seas.B.Plastic waste i

44、nto the seas requires effective solution.C.Recycling is the most effective means of reducing the plastic.D.The increasing plastic production leads to the serious problem.笔记区 二、调查研究类说明文【典型例题讲解】P1 Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researchers said puzzl

45、es help children with math-related skills.P2 Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial（空间立体）skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predict

46、or of cognition（认知）after controlling for differences in parents income,education and the amount of parent talk,Levine said.高二英语暑假教材10P3 The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mon

47、ths of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.P4 “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate（旋转）and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.P5 The parents were asked to interact with their

48、 children as they normally would,and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more com

49、plex puzzles than girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.P6 The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.1.对文章进行结构框架/段落分析 P1 给出一个结论玩智力游戏对儿童数学相关技能的帮助 P2-P3 介绍玩智力游戏的研究考虑的因素，研究的过程 P4-P6 研究的结果 2.语料积累

50、（1）词汇：（1）词汇：1)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.puzzle pzl n._ 益智游戏；困惑；谜【词性转换 1】I dont think your lecture get across to the audience,for they appeared quite puzzled.变形:_ 词性：_ 词义：_ puzzled