英语 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Section 1 Warming Up and Reading 新人教版选修8 .ppt

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1、Meeting your ancestorsUnit 5 牵牵 手手 课课 堂堂The Zhoukoudian Beijing Man Site is one of the most important world heritage(遗产)sites in China.Since the discovery was made in the 1920s,Zhoukoudian has become an important place for archaeologists from all over the world.At the site in the southwest suburb(郊区

2、)of Beijing,there is,for example,the earliest evidence of the use of fire by humans.It has also been proved that people lived there continuously between 500,000 and 10,000 years ago.Today,however,Zhoukoudian is in serious danger.Parts of the caves have been badly affected by rain and exposure to the

3、 air.Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds,causing serious damage.Pollution from nearby cement(水泥)factories has also contributed to the problem.The site is extremely expensive to maintain(维持)and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it.At the moment,visitors are not

4、allowed to visit the caves.Zhoukoudian is on the World Cultural Heritage List,organized by UNESCO,the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization.The list is constantly checked.Any site which is seriously damaged or which is not properly protected is an endangered heritage,and UN

5、ESCO is very quick to do something about situations like this.They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.If nothing is done to repair it,it could be removed from the list.This is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to raise public awareness about it.Dr

6、.Zhu Ming of the Academy said,“We have requested that the government get involved,but we also need assistance from ordinary people.They can help by contributing to the cost of repairing the caves.They are a precious part of our cultural heritage it is of great importance that we do something.If not,

7、it will be a catastrophe.”Section Warming Up and Reading 栏目导航课前教材预案课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展课后限时作业课后限时作业课末随堂演练课末随堂演练.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.1.Where do the caves lie?A.In the forest.B.On the seaside.C.At the foot of the hill.D.Higher up the hill.答案：D课前教材预案课前教材预案2.Whic

8、h of the following material did the earliest people in the caves used to make clothes according to the conversation?A.leavesB.woolsC.animal skinsD.cotton答案：C3.From the conversation we can infer that the earliest people in the caves probably_.A.were good at building boatsB.mainly depended on sea for

9、a lifeC.travelled to the seaD.didnt care about their appearance答案：C4.Which of the following is the correct order about how early people made clothes?a.clean the fat and meat from the skinb.cut up the animalsc.rub salt inside the skind.remove the skine.sew the pieces togetherA.bdcae B.bdaceC.badce D.

10、bacde答案：B.Read the conversation again.Write down the three topics of the archaeologists part of the dialogue.Topic 1:Life in the caveTopic 2:What we can learn from a needleTopic 3:What we can learn from a necklace.Complete the following passage with the words in brackets in their proper forms or the

11、 words from the text.A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves 1._ a visit.2._ archaeologist is showing them round.The archaeologists 3._(excavate)here for many years.After 4._(find)human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects,t

12、hey think 5._is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.They discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves 6._ they made fires.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes 7._(make)from animal skins.The archaeologist also shows the students a primitive

13、necklace 8._(preserve)quite well.forAnhave been excavatingfindingitwheremadepreservedIndeed,as the botanical analyses have shown us,all the fields around here 9._(use)to be part of a large shallow lake.Perhaps there was trade between early peoples 10._ they travelled to the seaside on their journeys

14、.usedorPoint alternative n.C可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展考点一单词点击Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?（教材P37）你能想出今天我们使用的替代品吗？an alternative to的替代品have the alternative of doing sth.有做的选择；可以做There is no alternative别无选择have no alternative but to do sth.除了做某事别无选择We can take a boat to Flo

15、rida,and as an alternative,we can fly.我们可以乘船去佛罗里达，另一个选择是乘飞机。I had no money,so I had no alternative but to stay at home.我身无分文，只能待在家里，别无选择。单句语法填空。（1）Now we have no alternative but _（cancel）this contract.单句改错。（2）You have the alternative of speaking and keeping silent.I have no alternative but to give u

16、p the plan.=I have no choice but to give up the plan.=I have nothing to do but give up the plan.除了放弃那个计划我别无选择。to cancelorPoint interrupt vi.打断讲话；打岔；阻碍；中断；插嘴 vt.暂时中断或中止Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?(教材P38)对不起，打断了你的讲话。不过，他们怎么能够住在这儿的?One person should describe his or her side,a

17、nd the other person should listen without interrupting.一个人应描述他或她的状况，而另外一个人应该倾听而不能打断。interruptwith 用打断be interrupted by 被打断It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.不断提问打断演讲者是不礼貌的。They were interrupted by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.他们被突然而急促的敲门声打断了。interruption n.阻断物；中

18、断，打断；打扰without interruption 不间断地；不受打扰地She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption.她坚持锻炼，多年从未间断。interrupt,disturbinterrupt 突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续，侧重打断disturb 较正式的用词，多用被动语态。指“扰乱”，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的打扰选词填空（interrupt,disturb）。（1）She tried to explain what had happene

19、d but he kept _ her.（2）If you get up early,try not to _ anyone else.单句语法填空。（3）The calm of the afternoon _(interrupt)by a loud bang.interruptingdisturbwas interruptedPoint assume v.假定；设想；承担；采取；呈现assumeto be认为是，假定是It is assumed that被认为So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,re

20、gardless of the cold.(教材P38)所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。(1)assuming(that)假定(作状语)(2)assumption n.设想；假定；承担make an assumption(about)(对)作出假设/推测；假定/认为on the assump

21、tion that 假定Assuming that the advice is accepted,when are we going to get the money?假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？People make a lot of assumptions about her family background.人们对她的家庭背景做出种种推测。【点拨】assuming以及suppose/supposing/providing/provided后可接从句，相当于if,on condition that引导的条件状语从句。单句改错。(1)Assume that it is tru

22、e,what should we do now?(2)We are working in the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.AssumingonPoint sharpen vi.&vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰；(使)强烈We continue discovering tools that were sharpened for other tools.(教材P38)我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。My pencil is blunt,so could you lend me a kni

23、fe to sharpen it?我的铅笔钝了，你能借我把刀子削一削吗？The soldiers sharpened up their knives.战士们把刀磨得锋利。Generations of urban living sharpened their wits.世代居住在城市里使他们磨炼了才智。The tone of his letters has sharpened（is becoming less friendly）recently.他最近来信的口气变得刻薄起来。sharp adj.锋利的,尖锐的;急转的,陡峭;突然的,急剧的a sharp turn急转弯a sharp increa

24、se 急剧增加单句语法填空。(1)Coffee became popular with scholars as it _(sharpen)the mind rather than dulled it like alcohol.解析：句意：咖啡在学者中间开始流行，因为它能使思维变得敏锐，而不是像酒精那样让它迟钝。(2)Language is not only knowledge;it is a skill which needs _(sharpen)by using in the real world.解析：句意：语言不仅仅是一种知识，它是一种需要在真实世界中打磨的技能。sharpenedto

25、be sharpened/sharpeningPoint regardless of 不管；不顾；不理会考点二短语诠释So we think it is reasonable to assume they live in these caves,regardless of the cold.(教材P38)因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。He stood for freedom of speech for everyone regardless of color,race or creed.他主张不分肤色、种族或信仰，人人都有言论自由。The fields give high

26、 and stable yields regardless of clamatic circumstances.不管天气条件如何，这块地总是保持稳产高产。（1）regardless of“不管；不顾”，常接名词短语。（2）although/though“虽然，尽管”，常接从句。（3）however/no matter how“无论”，常接从句。（4）in spite of/despite“虽然，尽管”，常接名词短语；有时也用于in spite of/despite the fact that结构。【注意】regardless of强调“不认为重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，而despite和in

27、 spite of有“尽管但是”之意，一般情况下可互换使用。体会：不管费用多少，我们必须采取一切措施抢救这位老人。Regardless of expense,we must take every measure to save the old mans life.In spite of/Despite the fact that how much it will cost,we must take every measure to save the old mans life.No matter how/However much it will cost,we must take every

28、measure to save the old mans life.Although it costs too much,we must take every measure to save the old mans life.单句改错。(1)He continued speaking,regardless about my feelings on the matter.(2)They remain friends despite of all their differences.解析：despite+名词，尽管。of Point at most=at the most至多；不超过Its at

29、 most three centimetres long.(教材P38)这东西最多三厘米长。Hell be back in five minutes,ten minutes at most.他会在五分钟后回来，最多十分钟。Perhaps you cycle to school or to work,or maybe at most a short cycling trip with friends?或许你骑自行车去上学或去上班，或者最多与朋友一起骑自行车旅行？at least=at the least至少at any price/rate 无论如何；不惜任何代价at full/great le

30、ngth 极详细地；全身平伸地at large 逍遥法外的at(the)best 最多，充其量at(the)worst 在最坏的情况下It is better to get to the airport in advance of at least an hour.最好提前至少一小时到达机场。If she really wanted him back that badly,at least she would have called him,but she didnt.如果她真那么想让他回来，至少可以给他打个电话啊，但她根本没打。选用以上短语的适当形式填空。(1)The thieves are

31、 still _,and because of the lack of evidence，it is unlikely that they will ever be brought to justice.解析：句意：这群窃贼仍然逍遥法外，并且由于证据不足的缘故很可能无法定罪。(2)Ive spoken _ about the importance of owning your own time.解析：句意：我已经详细地讲过拥有自己时间的重要性。at largeat great/full length(3)Although he is poor,_ he is honest.解析：句意：虽然他穷

32、，但他至少是诚实的。(4)Dont expect much of him;he is _ a student.解析：句意：不要对他期望过多；他充其量是个学生。at leastat bestPoint cut up切碎；使伤心；严厉批评It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.（教材P38）看样子他们是用磨尖的石器切割野兽并剥皮。This piece of material may be cut up to make a pair of trousers.这块

33、布料可以裁成一条裤子。The article was severely cut up by some critics.那篇文章曾受到一些评论家严厉的抨击。I cut up the cake and gave each child one piece.我把蛋糕切开，给每个孩子各一份。cut off 切断；剪掉cut down 砍伐；削减cut in 打断cut out 剪去，删去;略去cut into pieces 切成碎片She was much cut up about his brothers accident.弟弟出事了，这让她很伤心。选用以上短语的适当形式填空。（1）Lets _ th

34、e chicken and make some soup.（2）The floods have _ our supplies.（3）Dont try to _ while others are talking.（4）The coal industry was _ to half of its former size.cut upcut offcut incut down考点三句型归纳Point must的的“推测推测”功能功能You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people

35、 who lived in this part of the world.（教材P38）想必你们知道,正是在这儿我们找到了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。点点拨拨：本句中的must用于对肯定或有把握的事情或情况表示推测，意思是“必定，准是”。常用于以下四种结构中：（1）must+do表示对现在情况的推测。He entered the room just now.He must be here.他刚刚进屋，他一定在这里。Im sorry he isnt here.He must have left already.抱歉，他不在这儿。他准是走了。（2）must+have done表示对过去情况的

36、推测。He must have stayed up last night,for he is a little tired in the morning.他昨晚一定熬夜了，因为他早晨就有点疲惫。（3）must+be doing表示对正在发生的动作或将要发生的动作的推测。There will be an English test tomorrow.He must be preparing for it now.明天要考英语，他现在一定在准备考试。（4）must have been doing表示对过去某个时候或某段时间正在发生的动作的推测。I must have been sleeping wh

37、en you telephoned me last night.当你昨晚给我打电话的时候我一定正在睡觉。can/could,may/might 的推测功能：（1）can/could 通常用于疑问句和否定句中表示推测。That cant be our class teacher.He has gone to Beijing.那一定不是我们的班主任，他已经去北京了。（2）may/might用于肯定句和否定句中表示推测。（3）在肯定句中表示推测时must的语气比may/might强。（4）在否定句中表示推测时can/could的语气比may/might强。（5）情态动词can/could，must和

38、may/might表示推测时，其反义疑问句不能用情态动词，必须去掉情态动词之后在句子本来意义的基础上进行反问。He must have seen the film.可以理解为He has seen the film，所以反义疑问句用hasnt he？He must have seen the film yesterday.可以理解为He saw the film yesterday，所以反义疑问句用didnt he？单句语法填空。(1)I have lost one of my gloves.I _(drop)it somewhere in the library this afternoon

39、.(2)The light is still on in our teachers office;he _(mark)our exam papers now.must have droppedmust be marking Point as引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句Yes,indeed,as the botanical analyses have shown us,all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.（教材P39）确实,正如植物学分析显示给我们的那样,附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖

40、的一部分。点拨：点拨：此处as引导的是非限制性定语从句，译作“正如那样”。as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，除了常置于句首外，还可以位于句中或句末。As the proverb goes,“The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheeps clothing.”正如谚语所说的那样,伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼。（句首）Mike，as we expected，attended the meeting.像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。（句中）He wasnt unconscious，as could be judged from

41、his eyes.他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。（句尾）as 与which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：（1）相同点：既可指代某一先行词，也可指代整个主句的内容，译作“这一点”，有时可互换。He is quite pleased，aswhich can be seen from his face.他非常高兴，从他的表情可以看出来。（2）不同点：1）位置不同：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在句首、句中，而which引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在句首。2）意义不同：as引导的非限定性定语从句时，还可译为“正如一样；就如一样”，具有方式意味；而which不能；as引导的非限定性定语从句

42、表示说话的依据、态度、解释或评论等，常用于as we all know（=as it is known to us all）,as is said（reported,mentioned,etc.）above,as it is等。which引导的非限定性定语从句表示某事的状态或结果。3）逻辑关系不同：当主、从句在意义上构成因果关系时，常用which代替as。如：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.海伦对自己最小的儿子比其他孩子都要好，这一点使其他孩子很嫉妒。单句改错。(1)The number of smokers,it is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2)Which we have stressed many times,“serve the people”is our first policy.asAs