初中英语中考真题剖析+配套练习题——简单句.doc

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1、初中英语语法English Grammar简单句 （陈述句 疑问句 反义疑问句 感叹句 祈使句 倒装句 并列连词）*第十三章 简单句（The simple sentences）名师导航1陈述句的概念及其肯定形式和否定形式。2一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的结构及 答语、祈使句、倒装句的用法。3what和how引导的感叹句4. 并列句及并列连词考点梳理考点一 陈述句陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表示说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。1肯定形式I have a new friend. 我有一个新朋友。2否定形式(1)谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加no

2、t。如：He is not watching TV now. 他现在没有看电视。He cant find his new pen. 他找不到他的新钢笔。(2)谓语动词是实义动词，则需在前面加dont, doesnt 或 didnt，同时把该实义动词变为原形。如：He draws well. 他画画好。(肯定)He doesnt draw well.他画画不好。(否定)(3)使用含有否定意义的形容词、副词、代词。如 no, hardly, never, little, nothing, nobody, neither 等，也可构成陈述句的否定式。如：He can hardly speak Chi

3、nese.他几乎不会说中文。【即时训练】翻译下列句子1.他从不玩电脑游戏。 2.我认为这不是一个好主意。 3.在我遇到麻烦时他从不帮我(give me a hand)。3.He when Im in trouble.4.那个人一定是你的老师。 考点二 疑问句1一般疑问句能用yes/no(或相当于yes/no的词)来回答的问句叫作一般疑问句。(1)各种时态的一般疑问句(略)。(2)一般疑问句的回答用yes或no。如：Does she go to school at 7：30 every day?她每天七点半去上学吗？ _是的，她是。/不，不是。(3)否定疑问句的答语否定疑问句通常是以“be/情态

4、动词/助动词not”的缩写形式开头的，表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习惯不一样。如：Arent you a student? 你不是一名学生吗？_不，我是。/是的，我不是。2特殊疑问句用疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句一般用降调读，其回答不用yes 或 no。特殊疑问句的疑问词包括疑问代词和疑问副词。常见的疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose；常见的疑问副词有when, where, why, how等。如：Where are you going? 你要去哪儿？To the supermarket to buy some fruit. 去超市

5、买点水果。How much coffee do you want? 你要多少咖啡？Two cups. 两杯。3选择疑问句选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“一般疑问句选项”或“特殊疑问句选项”。选择部分由or连接，or 前面的部分读升调， or 后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须选择其中之一作答。如：Is your bag yellow or black?你的书包是黄色的还是黑色的？Its black. 它是黑色的。 Which do you like better, pork or beef?猪肉和牛肉，你更喜欢哪一种？I

6、 like beef better. 我更喜欢牛肉。【即时训练】1._ does your mother do? She is a worker.A. Who B. Where C. how D. What2.-_ is her daughter?-The girl on the right wearing blue jeans.A. WhoB. What C. Which D. Where3.-_ do I take the medicine, Mr. Wang?-Twice a day after meals.A. How often B. How many C. How long D.

7、How soon4.-Excuse me._ do you say “autumn” in American English?-Its “fall”.A. HowB. WhenC. WhereD. why5.-Im sorry I cant lend you the e-dictionary.-_?Didnt you promise me?A. WhatB. HowC. WhenD. which考点三 反意疑问句B. 反意疑问句的构成： 陈述句附加疑问句？附加疑问句的否定式必须缩写。C. 1陈述句部分与附加疑问句部分意思相反： 即前肯后否、前否后肯。如：D. Mary is a teacher

8、, _？E. He didnt tell you the story，_？ F. 2反意疑问句的基本对应形式如下：G. (1)be动词对应be动词。如：H. She is a policewoman, _？I. (2)情态动词对应情态动词。如：J. He can drive the car, _？ K. (3)行为动词对应助动词的相应形式。这种助动词主要指帮助构成疑问句或否定句的do/does/did 以及它们的否定形式。如：L. He slept for 9 hours yesterday, _？ 来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*KM. He didnt go to the park, _？N.

9、 3特殊形式O. (1)当陈述句中含有表示否定的代词或形容词，如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，或含有表示否定的副词never, hardly, seldom时，则附加疑问部分只能用肯定式。如：P. Linda has never been to Beijing, _？Q. You can hardly see the blackboard clearly, _？R. (2)祈使句的反意疑问句的附加疑问句部分用will you/wont you。如：S. Open the window, ？ 注意 Lets go and

10、 have a look, shall we?(us表示包括听话人在内)Let us clean the classroom, will you? (us表示不包括听话人在内)结论：以lets开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we; 以let us(him, me, her)开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用will you。(3)主语后有“s”的。如：Hes in the room, isnt he？(HesHe is)Hes gone to the park, hasnt he？(HesHe has)(4)陈述部分的谓语是used to时，附加疑问部分用“didnt主语”或“usednt主

11、语”。如：He used to go to bed late, didnt he/usednt he?(5)含有need的反意疑问句：need 是实义动词时。如：We need to come earlier, dont we?need 是情态动词时。如：We neednt come so early, need we?4当陈述部分是否定句时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。 英语回答时，若表示与事实一致，就用“Yes肯定结构”；若表示与事实相反，就用“No否定结构”。如：You didnt play football yesterday, did you? _ _ _ “昨天你没有踢足球，是吗

12、？”“不，我去踢了。”/“是的，我没踢。”提醒 当主语是nobody, somebody, everybody 等不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语既可用he，也可用they。如：Nobody wants to be old, does he/do they?没有人想变老，是吗？当主语是nothing, something, anything, everything 等不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语用it。如：Nothing is left, is it? 没有东西丢下，对吗？在there be 结构中，附加疑问部分用be there。如：There is nothing wrong with m

13、e, is there?我没有什么问题，对吗？5主从复合句的反意疑问句(1)陈述部分是“I/We think/believe/suppose/consider/ that从句” (主语是第一人称)或有Im sure that; Im afraid that; We are sure that; We are afraid that; I feel sure that; I hope that; We feel sure that; It seems that时，附加疑问部分的主语应和从句相一致，但要注意否定前移的现象。如： I dont think he is right, is he? 我认

14、为他是不对的，是吗？Im sure that you know him well, dont you?你肯定非常了解他，是吧？(2)如果主语是其他人称，附加疑问部分的主语和主句一致。如：He believed you could succeed, didnt he?他相信你能成功，是吗？She doesnt know if Jim is a good student, does she? 她不知道吉姆是否是一个好学生，是吗？【即时训练】改为反义疑问句。1.We dont believe tortoises(乌龟) can live up to 150 years. 2.He has few f

15、riends at school. _3.Pass me the salt. 4.There is a book on the desk. 5.Lets go shopping. 6.She said he would come come tomorrow. 考点四 感叹句感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”或“how”引导，句末用感叹号。1what引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an形容词单数可数名词(主语谓语)！如：What a beautiful picture (it is)! 多漂亮的一幅画啊！_ important meeting (it is)!多

16、重要的一次会议啊！来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K(2)What形容词复数可数名词/不可数名词(主语谓语)！如：What interesting stories (they are)! 多有趣的故事啊！_！多糟糕的天气啊！2how引导的感叹句(1)How形容词/副词主语谓语！如：How tall the tree is! 这棵树真高啊！_the horse is running! 这匹马跑得真快啊！(2)How陈述句(主语谓语)！如：How she loves her daughter!她多么爱自己的女儿啊！(3)How形容词a/an单数可数名词(主语谓语)！如：How beautiful a

17、girl (she is)! 她是个多漂亮的女孩啊！【即时训练】改为感叹句1.Jim is a brave boy. 2.The fish tastes delicious. 3.The boy is very naughty. 4.He is a quick runner. 5.The stories are interesting. 考点五 祈使句表示请求、警告、建议或命令的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句的主语一般是you(听话人)，通常省略，其谓语动词一律用动词原形。句末用感叹号或句号，语调读降调。1祈使句的肯定形式(1)句中只有不及物动词。如： Come here! 过来！Look! 看！Co

18、me in! 进来！(2)及物动词宾语。如：Close the door! 关门！Open your books! 翻开课本！来源:学科网ZXXK(3)系动词表语。如：Be quiet, please! 请安静！_！小心！2祈使句的否定形式祈使句否定形式的构成是直接在动词原形前加dont。为了表示礼貌，也可以加上please。如：_. 不要在课堂上讲话。Dont close the window, please. 请不要关窗户。3let祈使句型表示“建议”这种祈使句的否定结构是在lets后加not。如：Lets go. 咱们走吧！Lets not go now. 咱们现在先别走。4回答祈使句用

19、将来时Remember to close the window when you leave.记住离开时关窗。_. 好的，我会的。Dont talk in class. 课堂上不要讲话。_. 对不起，我不会了。5“祈使句and/or结果状语”句型此句型可以转换成由if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。如：Hurry up, or you will be late.快点，否则就迟到了。If you dont hurry up, you_late.如果你不抓紧时间，就要迟到了。If you hurry up, you_late.如果你快点，就不会迟到。6祈使句的反意疑问句需特别注意(见考点三)【即时

20、训练】翻译下列句子1请不要在教室里听音乐。 _ _ to music in the classroom, please.2在图书馆要保持安静。 Please _ _ in the library.祝你好运。 4.请让我看一看（have a look） 5.让我们共同保护环境（protect environment） 考点六 倒装句1there be句型there be 句型是一个典型的倒装句。它表示“某处有某物”，主语是be动词后面的名词。如：_ a river near our school.我们学校附近有一条河。2以so/neither/nor开头的句子当前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句

21、“so/neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语”。如：He has been to Dalian, and _他去过大连，我也去过。John cant speak Japanese, _约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。3副词位于句首时当here, there, now, then等副词位于句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run 等。如：Here is your letter.这是你的信。注意 这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词；如果主语是人称代词，则用部分倒装。如：Here he comes.他来了。Here you are.给你。【即时训练】1-My moth

22、er and I will go to Shanghai this summer. -_. Shall we go together?A. So do I B. So can I C. So am I D. So will I2He swam in the river this summer. _A. So did he. B. So she did. C. So did she3 My mother hardly watches any sports shows. _.A. So do I B. So does mineC. Neither does ID. Neither does min

23、e4.-Would you like to go to the amusement park?-If Jack does, _. A. I go, too B. so will I C. neither will I D. so do I 5.Attention, please! There _a basketball game between our class and Class 5.A. has B. is going to be C. will have D. is going to have考点七 并列连词1表示并列关系的： and(和；同；与)，bothand(和都), not o

24、nlybut also(不仅而且), as well as(而且；还；又), neithernor(既不也不)。如：He likes drawing and I like dancing. 他喜欢画画，我喜欢跳舞。2表示选择关系的： or(或；或者；还是；否则；不然)，eitheror(或者或者； 不是就是)。如：After supper, I often watch TV _ take a walk. 晚饭后，我经常看电视或散步。Work hard, _ you will fall behind. 努力学习，否则你就会落后。Either you or he is going to do so

25、me shopping this afternoon. 今天下午或者你或者他去购物。3表示转折关系的： but(但；但是；可是), while(然而)。如：She was very tired，_ she kept working till midnight. 她虽然很累了，但还是一直工作到深夜。Hes a worker_his wife is a doctor.他是一名工人而他妻子是一名医生。4表示因果关系的： so(所以), for(因为)。如：He got up late, _ he didnt catch the early bus.他起床晚了，所以没赶上早班车。【即时训练】 1.Hu

26、rry up, _ you will miss the plane.A. and B. but C. so D. or2.Tony is a quiet student, he is active in class.A. so B. and C. but D. or3. The rain is very heavy_ we have to stay at home.A. but B. because C. so4. Hurry up, _ you will be late for class.A. and B. or C. but D. so5.You have coughed for sev

27、eral days, Bill. Stop smoking,_ youll get better soon.A. but B. after C. or D. and考点过关.按要求写句子1Her sister is very shy, _ _？ 2Peter stayed up last night, _ _？来源:Zxxk.Com3Alice has never been to the village, _？4My brother cant swim, _？5Dont arrive late for class, _ _？.同义句转换1What a tall boy he is! 来源:学科

28、网ZXXK _ _ the boy is!2How delicious the food is! _ delicious food it is!3If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Hurry up, _ youll be late.III.单选题1.Look! _the kites in the sky are!A. What a beautiful B.What beautiful C.How a beautifulD.How beautiful2.-These students didnt pass the exam. -They felt unha

29、ppy, _?A.didnt they B did they C.dont they D.do they3.Be sure to go there on time , _?A.mustnt you B.arent you C.dont you D.will you4._ weather it is!Lets go out for a picnic.A.What good B.What badC.How good D.How bad5.Dont forget to put the book back on the shelf,_?A.do youB.dont youC.will youD.won

30、t you参考答案考点一 1.He never plays computer games. 2.I dont think it is a good idea.always gives me a hand 4. That man must be your teacher.考点二 1-5DAAAA考点三 1.can he 2.does he 3.will you 4.is there 5.shall we 6.didnt she考点四 1. What a brave boy Jim is! 2. How delicious the fish tastes! 3. How naughty the b

31、oy is! 4. What a quick runner he is! 5. How interesting are the stories!考点五 1. Dont listen 2.keep quiet 3. May you good luck. 4. Let me have a look. 5. Lets protect environment考点六1-5 DCDBB考点七 1-5DCCBD考点过关I .1.isnt she 2.didnt 3.has he 4.can he 5.will you II.1. How tall 2. What delicious 3.or III.1-5DADBC