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1、第二轮复习 语法梳理第十三节 句子的种类考考点点梳梳理理 按交际用途,可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 1 陈述句陈述句1.概念:陈述一件事或表述一种看法。有肯定和否定两种形式。2.否定句的结构有四类:be动词后加not;其他助动词后加not,有have,has,had,will,shall,would,情态动词;动词原形前加dont;动词三单形式前加doesnt,动词用回原形。考考点点梳梳理理3.不带not的否定句,即句中含有no(没有),no one,nobody(没人),nothing(没有什么),never(从来不),little(少到几乎没有),f
2、ew(少到几乎没有),neither(两者都没有),nor(两者都没有),none(一个也没有),seldom(很少),hardly(几乎不)。考点考点 1 陈述句陈述句考考点点梳梳理理 疑问句:提出问题。有以下四种:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句。一、一般疑问句一、一般疑问句1.构成:be动词/助动词/情态动词+动词原形+其他成分。2.回答:以yes作肯定回答,以no作否定回答。二、特殊疑问句二、特殊疑问句1.构成:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。2.回答:针对特殊疑问词作答。考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句考考点点梳梳理理3.【辨析辨析】how long&how often&how so
3、on&how far How long have you lived in Zhuhai?For about fourteen years.How soon will your aunt come to Zhuhai?In two weeks.How often do you watch TV?Twice a week(一周两次).How far is it from here to the nearest supermarket?About ten minutes walk(十分钟的路程).考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句考考点点梳梳理理【结论结论】How long:“多久时间”,针对时间长度提问
4、,回答用for/about+一段时间。How soon:“多久之后”,问句用一般将来时,回答用in+一段时间。How often:“多久一次”,针对频率提问。How far:“多远”,针对距离提问。考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句考考点点梳梳理理4.易用错的特殊疑问词。What is your email address?.(此处不能用where提问)What is the price of the coat?(=How much is the coat?)Its 200 yuan.What subject do you like best?Math.What do you think of the
5、 film?Its great.What is your opinion about the film?Its interesting.How do you like the film?Its terrific.考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句考考点点梳梳理理Whose book is over there?Its hers.Whats your sister like?She is tall and beautiful.(Whats)like?问人或物怎样)三、选择疑问句三、选择疑问句1.构成:疑问句+or+选择部分。2.回答:从所给的选项中择一回答或全盘否定后给出新的选项。四、反意疑问句四、反意
6、疑问句 1.构成:陈述句+简短问句;前肯后否,前否后肯。考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句考考点点梳梳理理(1)在反意疑问句中,little,few,hardly,seldom,nobody,nothing表否定意义,问句部分用肯定形式。There is little food in the fridge,is there?(2)在反意疑问句中,否定前缀(un-,in-,im-,il-,dis-)和否定后缀(-less)表肯定意义,问句部分用否定形式。He looks unhappy,doesnt he?考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句考考点点梳梳理理2.回答:根据事实回答,情况是肯定的就用肯定回答,情况是
7、否定的就用否定回答,不受陈述句部分的肯定或者否定影响。如针对She didnt take part in the sports meeting提问。She took part in the sports meeting,didnt she?No,she didnt.She didnt take part in the sports meeting,did she?No,she didnt.考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句考考点点梳梳理理3.一些须熟记的固定搭配:Lets do something,shall we?Let us do something,will you?Dont do someth
8、ing,will you?Do something,will you?/wont you?考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句考考点点梳梳理理 感叹句通常由what,how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。What修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词或者整个句子。1.What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+(主+谓)!(名词可以是单数名词,复数名词,不可数名词)What a good boy(he is)!What good boys(they are)!What good weather(it is)!考点考点 3 感叹句感叹句考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 感叹句感叹句2.How+adj./adv.+(主
9、+谓)!How good the boy is!How good the weather is!3.How+句子!How time flies!时间过得真快啊!考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 4 祈使句祈使句 祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、建议、或 劝告等,主语省略。1.构成:肯定句:动词原形/be动词开头。否定句:Dont+动词原形/be动词2.肯定祈使句和否定祈使句的答语。Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.OK,I will.Dont forget to bring your homework to school tomorrow.OK,I wont.考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 4 祈使句祈使句3.常考的带祈使句的两个句型。Do sth.,and youll 做某事,你就会Do sth.,or youll 做某事,否则你就会Work hard,and youll pass the exam.=If you work hard,youll pass the exam.Work hard,or youll fail the exam.=If you dont work hard,youll fail the exam.
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